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上海高考英语概要写作专项训练
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这是一份上海高考英语概要写作专项训练，共20页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hosting the Olympics
Today, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events on earth. Every four years, many countries bid for the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event?
A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for visitors. Later this can be transformed into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is essential to carry people safely and efficiently to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in service for the years to come.
Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the cost involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008.
Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.
It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right.
2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas. Richard Yu, the chief of the company's consumer division, said that Huawei shipped 139 million smartphones in 2016, an amazing number, although still far less than Samsung and Apple. More than half of Huawei's revenues come from outside China, making it one of only a few Chinese companies to have made the transition from a local business to a global brand.
What makes Huawei so successful? As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard. In an interview, Ren Zhengfei, founder and president of Huawei, mentioned an early episode in the company's history. In rural areas in China, rats often bit the telecom wires, destroying customers' connections. Multinational telecommunications companies providing service at that time did not consider this to be their problem, but rather that of the customers. Huawei, by contrast, thought it was their responsibility to solve the problem. In doing so, they developed chew-proof equipment and materials. Later on, the experience helped it gain several big orders in the Middle East, where similar problems exist.
Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress. Many of them would work late into the night and then sleep in their offices. As one Huawei employee said, "The pads were to us a representation of hard work in the old days. This idea has now evolved into the spirit of trying to be the best in anything we do."
Ren and his company are also known for what they call "the power of thinking." Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges. Executives are urged to read books outside their areas of expertise. Feedback is always invited across the company to improve ideas that will ultimately feed the vision of Huawei's future.
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3．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Sport Tourism
Tourism is the world's largest industry and is predicted to grow. well into the years to development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.
The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships，and the Olympic Games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.
The second type of sport tourism，celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as "the NBA basketball cruise" arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.
Active participation-is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf，skiing，and tennis in particular，although other sports such as fishing，and scuba diving are popular in the US.
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4．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Birdsong and Mental Health
People often turn to nature as a healthy way to cope with stress. People also consider it relaxing to listen to audio recordings of running water, waves or singing birds. Sound can have an extensive effect on our sense of well-being. Accordingly, scientists have long sought to understand the effects of certain sounds on people.
In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers. They monitored a number of hiking trails in a public park with audio recording devices. This helped them create a bird count in the area. They then surveyed visitors to those trails about their impression of bird diversity. They also asked for a report on the visitors' sense of well-being.
The next part of the study took place on the same trails. But the scientists used hidden speakers to play recordings of birds singing. That gave the impression that there were more birds in the area. They then surveyed visitors who had heard the recordings.
The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being. This result builds on prior investigations into the effects of listening to recordings of natural sounds on people. Those studies have shown that recordings of natural sounds can help with stress relief and the ability to focus. However, the reason behind the benefit is not totally clear.
Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm. After all, we encounter birdsong in the peaceful part of the morning or following a storm. Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds. They sing when there are no predators nearby. Whatever the reason, listening to birdsong can improve our mental health.
The authors of the hiking study had an interesting observation. It was the perception of being in nature with a diversity of singing birds that helped. Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
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5．Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrate.Use your own words as far as possible.
Hacking our senses to boost learning power
Was your school noisy or peaceful？It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning.Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports lag behind in their exam results.
But general noise seems to have an effect too. Bridget Shield，a professor of acoustics at London South Bank University，and Julie Dockrell，now at the Institute of Education，have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises，such as traffic and sirens，as well as noise generated by the children themselves.When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various cognitive tasks，they found a significant negative effect on exam scores.“Everything points to a harmful impact of the noise on children's performance，in numeracy（计算能力），in literacy，and in spelling，”says Shield.The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
Shield says the sound of"babble"---the chatter of other children，is particularly distracting in the classroom.“People are very distracted by speech---particularly if it's understandable，but you're not involved in it."This phenomenon is also known as the irrelevant speech effect，she says，adding that“it's a very common finding in open-plan offices as well."
Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume. In a series of studies published last year，Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises---such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling---at different volumes.They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise，however，damaged their creativity.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Makes an Ideal Friend?
To say what an ideal friend is is not the easiest thing to do. Each person has his or her own opinion of what one would be. However, speaking generally, there are certain features that most people consider characteristic of an ideal friend. Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends. According to Psychology Today, “Loyalty is valued early on in all of our relationships, from the time we make our first friendships. We need friends who won’t spill our secrets to others, gossip about us, or allow others to criticize us”. The worst action between friends is not keeping one’s word.
Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy. In a statement by Psychology Today, they say that, “Trustworthiness is often the “make or break” element in any interpersonal relationship. Any unfaithful action, regardless of recognized degree, can destroy a relationship. Trustworthiness consists of several elements, including honesty, dependability, and loyalty, and while each is important to successful relationships, honesty and dependability have been identified as the most vital in the area of friendships”. In light of this, a universal complaint of friends is a lack of honesty, and this is at the heart of being trustworthy.
In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses. According to the Book of Life, “The ideal friend doesn’t try to prove how powerful and successful they are; on the contrary, quite often they let us know awkward and potentially embarrassing things about themselves. They show how much they trust us by confessing failings and sorrows which would open them up to possible disgrace from the world beyond. They offer us the gift of their defenselessness”. That openness is treasured, as to be close to an individual, one must be willing to share his or her true feelings and states.
7．Directions: Write a summary of the passage with no more than 80 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work, you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as, “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation(归咎) and harden our hearts. We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失). In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.
Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ; indeed, we have a natural repugnance (反感) to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Once upon a time a man became a great archer (射手). He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ”
The man could not believe that there could be a greater archer than him, but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.”
The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder. The young man hid behind a tree, waiting to kill him. He shot an arrow. The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly. The old man came, took out the arrow and said, “I knew that some day or other you were going to do this. That’s why I have not taught you this secret. There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.”
10．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image. There are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a visual identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.
In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another: some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have. Therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola. The design of the words "Coca-Cola" has not changed since 1886, although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time. Many companies have over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images.
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
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1．Hosting the Olympics brings various benefits. Firstly, infrastructures, like accommodation and transport, will remain for citizens to enjoy afterwards. Besides, companies can make profit from advertising or broadcasting during the Games, so they compete to sponsor it. Finally, job opportunities are created to ensure the Games go on smoothly. Above all, the host city benefits greatly, gaining a significant place.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述举办奥运会带来各种好处。主要有以下几点：住宿和交通等基础设施将留待公民在事后享用，主办城市获得了重要地位；公司竞争赞助奥运会，可以从奥运会期间的广告或广播中获利；创造就业机会。
【详解】2. 要点摘录
①What are the advantages of hosting such an event
②These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over.
③Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising.
④Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.
⑤It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure.
2.缜密构思将第2、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s beneficial to host the Olympics.
Citizens can enjoy infrastructures, like accommodation and transport after the Olympics.
The host city has benefited a lot and gained worldwide attention.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Hosting the Olympics brings various benefits.(运用动名词短语hosting the Olympics作主语，表达高级)
[高分句型2]：
Finally, job opportunities are created to ensure the Games go on smoothly.（用动词不定式to ensure the Games go on作目的状语，表达非常高级）
2．The past years have seen Huawei become a big global company. The key to its success lies in its culture. The company truly treats its customers like kings. Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do. Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas. Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了华为公司的辉煌成就以及这些成就背后的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
（1）Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas.
（2）As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
（3）Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard.
（4）Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress.
（5）Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges.
2．缜密构思
将上述五个小点按照顺序，简化句子，保留核心意思，然后整合在一起即可。
3. 遣词造句
The past years have seen Huaiwei become a big global company.
The company truly treats its customers like kings.
Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do.（so that引起目的状语从句；总结华为公司获得巨大成功的其中一个原因是员工工作很努力。）
[高分句型2] Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.（运用一般现在时的被动语态，表明华为公司的未来在于员工们的奉献。）
3．The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/ physical activities and consists of/ includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/ games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/ places and meeting well-known/ famous sports people/ personalities. And the third is active participation.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，旅游业以多种形式迅速发展，其中体育旅游发展最快。 体育旅游被定义为与体育/体育活动相关的旅游，包括三个主要类别。 第一种是观看体育赛事。 第二部分包括参观著名的体育景点和会见著名的体育人士。 第三是积极参与。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Tourism is the world's largest industry and is predicted to grow. well into the years to development and marketing new forms of tourism.
②The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel.③The second type of sport tourism，celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions.
④Active participation-is the third category of sports tourism.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
One of the fastest growing parts of the surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.
It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism.
The cruise industry has been experienced in this area.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] The first is watching sporting events/ games. 用动名词作表语对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．Version 1
Scientists lately conducted a study on the effect of birdsong on mental health. They asked people how they felt after hearing birds singing. They concluded that hearing birdsong could improve mental health, probably because birdsong leads to a sense of calm and safety. Anyway, scientists suggested people get closer to nature for it is beneficial to our sense of well-being.
Version 2
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds' singing. The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe. Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说鸟鸣可以提升人的幸福感。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers.
②The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being.
③Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm.
④Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds.
⑤Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds’ singing.
The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe.
Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds’ singing.（that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe.（that引导的表语从句）
5．One possible version:
Recent studies have found that general noises can affect learning performance and creativity in addition to certain noises. All kinds of noises can be distracting and influence exam scores. Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了噪音对学习的影响主要取决于类型和音量大小。中等音量的噪音被认为对人是有好处的。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
（1）It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.
（2）But general noise seems to have an effect too.
（3）Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume.
（4）They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.
2. 缜密构思
将（1）,（2）,（3）,（4）点按照顺序，通过连接词及其他过渡短语有条理地结合起来。
3. 遣词造句
Besides certain noises, recent studies find that general noises can have some effect on learning performances.
Noises can have positive or negative effect based on their type and volume.
When exposed to medium noises, people can perform better.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. (非谓语动词短语depending on their type and volume在句中做状语，它将原文的depend on what kind of noise it is做宾语替换成了此处的非谓语动词短语做状语。）
【高分句型2】
Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.（played at a medium level 非谓语动词短语做定语修饰前面的名词noises。替换了原句的时间状语从句when the background noises were played at a medium level 。）
6．Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend. Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first. Secondly, honest and dependable. Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends. 43 words
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明怎样才能成为一个理想的朋友，以及朋友应该具备的品质。
【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
②Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends.
③Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy.
④In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.
Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first.
Secondly, honest and dependable.
Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.句中使用动名词作主语，用一个简单句对第一段内容进行概括。
[高分句型2] Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.副词修饰整个句子，用一个简单句对原文最后一段内容进行概括。
7．People may have difficulty in getting up in the morning. This phenomenon might be called laziness, but Dr. Keltiman has a new explanation, that is, everyone has a daily energy cycle. You can’t change your energy cycle, but habit can help make your life fit it better. If your energy is low in the morning, rise before your usual hour. This will make you get up steam and work better at your low point.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，常常被人们误解为懒惰行为的起床困难，实际是由于我们每个人的能量循环模式有所差异。一些人的能量高峰期是在早晨，而另一些人则是出现在下午或者晚上，这是博士Kleitman的研究发现。事实上，虽然我们身体的这种能量循环是固定的，但你可以通过培养习惯来合理安排好你的生活。比如，如果你早晨精力处于低谷，你可以比平时起得更早些，慢慢调整，进入正常的工作状态。并尽量将更耗费精力的工作放在自己头脑更敏锐的其他时间段完成。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation for getting up in the morning so difficult, proving that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
②The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. In fact, the peak for some people comes during the forenoon while it comes in the afternoon or evening for others.
③You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. In this way, you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
④Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Besides, whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.
This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
【点睛】 [高分句型1] This phenomenon might be called laziness, but Dr. Keltiman has a new explanation, that is, everyone has a daily energy cycle.运用一个并列句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中but引导的转折逻辑的并列句、that is插入语解释说明前文提到的名词等表达高级。
[高分句型2]：If your energy is low in the morning, rise before your usual hour. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。其中if引导条件状语从句、主句用祈使句表建议比较高级。
8．A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第三种思维出现的场景以及背后的原因。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1.A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions.
2.We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship.
3.It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened.
4.We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失).
5.Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ;
6.We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true,
7.The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行改写；将第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4、5个要点进行改写；将第6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong.
We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change.
We may have to give up, but we are not convinced.
We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong.运用一个时间状语从句中包含宾语从句的复杂句型。其中when引导的状语从句、that引导的宾语等表达高级。
[高分句型2] We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do. 用分句连接并列成分，概括整合最后一段内容，结构整齐。此外运用了as引导的状语从句，表达非常高级。
9．Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest. And he did so. Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow. Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly. The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位年轻的弓箭手要求国王宣布他为全国最伟大的弓箭手。一位森林里的老者找到国王，建议年轻人向更伟大的弓箭手学习，也就是他自己。三年后，为了成为最伟大的弓箭手，他设计想杀死老人，但是老人却巧妙还击，并告诉他自己的师父比自己还要优秀，没有人能成为最好的弓箭手。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Once upon a time a man became a great archer. He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country.
②The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ”
③For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.”
④The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly.
⑤There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第1、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest.
Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow.
Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest.运用转折连词but对原文第一段进行概括。其中包含被动语态的使用，为高级表达。
[高分句型2]The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him. 用that 引导宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句点出文章主题，句式较复杂，表达高级。
10．It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos. Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业的标志对于树立企业形象的重要性以及在设计标志时应该注意的一些问题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
②Logos are part of this image.
③Therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
④Many companies have over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images.
⑤Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合
遣词造句
It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos.
Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.（that引导宾语从句）
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hosting the Olympics
Today, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events on earth. Every four years, many countries bid for the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event?
A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for visitors. Later this can be transformed into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is essential to carry people safely and efficiently to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in service for the years to come.
Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the cost involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008.
Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.
It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right.
2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas. Richard Yu, the chief of the company's consumer division, said that Huawei shipped 139 million smartphones in 2016, an amazing number, although still far less than Samsung and Apple. More than half of Huawei's revenues come from outside China, making it one of only a few Chinese companies to have made the transition from a local business to a global brand.
What makes Huawei so successful? As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard. In an interview, Ren Zhengfei, founder and president of Huawei, mentioned an early episode in the company's history. In rural areas in China, rats often bit the telecom wires, destroying customers' connections. Multinational telecommunications companies providing service at that time did not consider this to be their problem, but rather that of the customers. Huawei, by contrast, thought it was their responsibility to solve the problem. In doing so, they developed chew-proof equipment and materials. Later on, the experience helped it gain several big orders in the Middle East, where similar problems exist.
Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress. Many of them would work late into the night and then sleep in their offices. As one Huawei employee said, "The pads were to us a representation of hard work in the old days. This idea has now evolved into the spirit of trying to be the best in anything we do."
Ren and his company are also known for what they call "the power of thinking." Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges. Executives are urged to read books outside their areas of expertise. Feedback is always invited across the company to improve ideas that will ultimately feed the vision of Huawei's future.
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3．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Sport Tourism
Tourism is the world's largest industry and is predicted to grow. well into the years to development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.
The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships，and the Olympic Games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.
The second type of sport tourism，celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as "the NBA basketball cruise" arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.
Active participation-is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf，skiing，and tennis in particular，although other sports such as fishing，and scuba diving are popular in the US.
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4．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Birdsong and Mental Health
People often turn to nature as a healthy way to cope with stress. People also consider it relaxing to listen to audio recordings of running water, waves or singing birds. Sound can have an extensive effect on our sense of well-being. Accordingly, scientists have long sought to understand the effects of certain sounds on people.
In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers. They monitored a number of hiking trails in a public park with audio recording devices. This helped them create a bird count in the area. They then surveyed visitors to those trails about their impression of bird diversity. They also asked for a report on the visitors' sense of well-being.
The next part of the study took place on the same trails. But the scientists used hidden speakers to play recordings of birds singing. That gave the impression that there were more birds in the area. They then surveyed visitors who had heard the recordings.
The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being. This result builds on prior investigations into the effects of listening to recordings of natural sounds on people. Those studies have shown that recordings of natural sounds can help with stress relief and the ability to focus. However, the reason behind the benefit is not totally clear.
Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm. After all, we encounter birdsong in the peaceful part of the morning or following a storm. Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds. They sing when there are no predators nearby. Whatever the reason, listening to birdsong can improve our mental health.
The authors of the hiking study had an interesting observation. It was the perception of being in nature with a diversity of singing birds that helped. Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
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5．Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrate.Use your own words as far as possible.
Hacking our senses to boost learning power
Was your school noisy or peaceful？It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning.Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports lag behind in their exam results.
But general noise seems to have an effect too. Bridget Shield，a professor of acoustics at London South Bank University，and Julie Dockrell，now at the Institute of Education，have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises，such as traffic and sirens，as well as noise generated by the children themselves.When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various cognitive tasks，they found a significant negative effect on exam scores.“Everything points to a harmful impact of the noise on children's performance，in numeracy（计算能力），in literacy，and in spelling，”says Shield.The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
Shield says the sound of"babble"---the chatter of other children，is particularly distracting in the classroom.“People are very distracted by speech---particularly if it's understandable，but you're not involved in it."This phenomenon is also known as the irrelevant speech effect，she says，adding that“it's a very common finding in open-plan offices as well."
Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume. In a series of studies published last year，Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises---such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling---at different volumes.They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise，however，damaged their creativity.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Makes an Ideal Friend?
To say what an ideal friend is is not the easiest thing to do. Each person has his or her own opinion of what one would be. However, speaking generally, there are certain features that most people consider characteristic of an ideal friend. Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends. According to Psychology Today, “Loyalty is valued early on in all of our relationships, from the time we make our first friendships. We need friends who won’t spill our secrets to others, gossip about us, or allow others to criticize us”. The worst action between friends is not keeping one’s word.
Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy. In a statement by Psychology Today, they say that, “Trustworthiness is often the “make or break” element in any interpersonal relationship. Any unfaithful action, regardless of recognized degree, can destroy a relationship. Trustworthiness consists of several elements, including honesty, dependability, and loyalty, and while each is important to successful relationships, honesty and dependability have been identified as the most vital in the area of friendships”. In light of this, a universal complaint of friends is a lack of honesty, and this is at the heart of being trustworthy.
In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses. According to the Book of Life, “The ideal friend doesn’t try to prove how powerful and successful they are; on the contrary, quite often they let us know awkward and potentially embarrassing things about themselves. They show how much they trust us by confessing failings and sorrows which would open them up to possible disgrace from the world beyond. They offer us the gift of their defenselessness”. That openness is treasured, as to be close to an individual, one must be willing to share his or her true feelings and states.
7．Directions: Write a summary of the passage with no more than 80 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work, you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as, “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation(归咎) and harden our hearts. We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失). In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.
Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ; indeed, we have a natural repugnance (反感) to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Once upon a time a man became a great archer (射手). He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ”
The man could not believe that there could be a greater archer than him, but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.”
The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder. The young man hid behind a tree, waiting to kill him. He shot an arrow. The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly. The old man came, took out the arrow and said, “I knew that some day or other you were going to do this. That’s why I have not taught you this secret. There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.”
10．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image. There are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a visual identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.
In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another: some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have. Therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola. The design of the words "Coca-Cola" has not changed since 1886, although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time. Many companies have over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images.
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
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1．Hosting the Olympics brings various benefits. Firstly, infrastructures, like accommodation and transport, will remain for citizens to enjoy afterwards. Besides, companies can make profit from advertising or broadcasting during the Games, so they compete to sponsor it. Finally, job opportunities are created to ensure the Games go on smoothly. Above all, the host city benefits greatly, gaining a significant place.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述举办奥运会带来各种好处。主要有以下几点：住宿和交通等基础设施将留待公民在事后享用，主办城市获得了重要地位；公司竞争赞助奥运会，可以从奥运会期间的广告或广播中获利；创造就业机会。
【详解】2. 要点摘录
①What are the advantages of hosting such an event
②These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over.
③Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising.
④Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.
⑤It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure.
2.缜密构思将第2、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s beneficial to host the Olympics.
Citizens can enjoy infrastructures, like accommodation and transport after the Olympics.
The host city has benefited a lot and gained worldwide attention.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Hosting the Olympics brings various benefits.(运用动名词短语hosting the Olympics作主语，表达高级)
[高分句型2]：
Finally, job opportunities are created to ensure the Games go on smoothly.（用动词不定式to ensure the Games go on作目的状语，表达非常高级）
2．The past years have seen Huawei become a big global company. The key to its success lies in its culture. The company truly treats its customers like kings. Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do. Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas. Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了华为公司的辉煌成就以及这些成就背后的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
（1）Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas.
（2）As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
（3）Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard.
（4）Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress.
（5）Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges.
2．缜密构思
将上述五个小点按照顺序，简化句子，保留核心意思，然后整合在一起即可。
3. 遣词造句
The past years have seen Huaiwei become a big global company.
The company truly treats its customers like kings.
Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do.（so that引起目的状语从句；总结华为公司获得巨大成功的其中一个原因是员工工作很努力。）
[高分句型2] Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.（运用一般现在时的被动语态，表明华为公司的未来在于员工们的奉献。）
3．The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/ physical activities and consists of/ includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/ games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/ places and meeting well-known/ famous sports people/ personalities. And the third is active participation.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，旅游业以多种形式迅速发展，其中体育旅游发展最快。 体育旅游被定义为与体育/体育活动相关的旅游，包括三个主要类别。 第一种是观看体育赛事。 第二部分包括参观著名的体育景点和会见著名的体育人士。 第三是积极参与。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Tourism is the world's largest industry and is predicted to grow. well into the years to development and marketing new forms of tourism.
②The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel.③The second type of sport tourism，celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions.
④Active participation-is the third category of sports tourism.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
One of the fastest growing parts of the surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.
It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism.
The cruise industry has been experienced in this area.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] The first is watching sporting events/ games. 用动名词作表语对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．Version 1
Scientists lately conducted a study on the effect of birdsong on mental health. They asked people how they felt after hearing birds singing. They concluded that hearing birdsong could improve mental health, probably because birdsong leads to a sense of calm and safety. Anyway, scientists suggested people get closer to nature for it is beneficial to our sense of well-being.
Version 2
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds' singing. The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe. Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说鸟鸣可以提升人的幸福感。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers.
②The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being.
③Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm.
④Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds.
⑤Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds’ singing.
The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe.
Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds’ singing.（that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe.（that引导的表语从句）
5．One possible version:
Recent studies have found that general noises can affect learning performance and creativity in addition to certain noises. All kinds of noises can be distracting and influence exam scores. Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了噪音对学习的影响主要取决于类型和音量大小。中等音量的噪音被认为对人是有好处的。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
（1）It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.
（2）But general noise seems to have an effect too.
（3）Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume.
（4）They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.
2. 缜密构思
将（1）,（2）,（3）,（4）点按照顺序，通过连接词及其他过渡短语有条理地结合起来。
3. 遣词造句
Besides certain noises, recent studies find that general noises can have some effect on learning performances.
Noises can have positive or negative effect based on their type and volume.
When exposed to medium noises, people can perform better.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. (非谓语动词短语depending on their type and volume在句中做状语，它将原文的depend on what kind of noise it is做宾语替换成了此处的非谓语动词短语做状语。）
【高分句型2】
Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.（played at a medium level 非谓语动词短语做定语修饰前面的名词noises。替换了原句的时间状语从句when the background noises were played at a medium level 。）
6．Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend. Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first. Secondly, honest and dependable. Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends. 43 words
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明怎样才能成为一个理想的朋友，以及朋友应该具备的品质。
【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
②Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends.
③Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy.
④In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.
Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first.
Secondly, honest and dependable.
Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.句中使用动名词作主语，用一个简单句对第一段内容进行概括。
[高分句型2] Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.副词修饰整个句子，用一个简单句对原文最后一段内容进行概括。
7．People may have difficulty in getting up in the morning. This phenomenon might be called laziness, but Dr. Keltiman has a new explanation, that is, everyone has a daily energy cycle. You can’t change your energy cycle, but habit can help make your life fit it better. If your energy is low in the morning, rise before your usual hour. This will make you get up steam and work better at your low point.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，常常被人们误解为懒惰行为的起床困难，实际是由于我们每个人的能量循环模式有所差异。一些人的能量高峰期是在早晨，而另一些人则是出现在下午或者晚上，这是博士Kleitman的研究发现。事实上，虽然我们身体的这种能量循环是固定的，但你可以通过培养习惯来合理安排好你的生活。比如，如果你早晨精力处于低谷，你可以比平时起得更早些，慢慢调整，进入正常的工作状态。并尽量将更耗费精力的工作放在自己头脑更敏锐的其他时间段完成。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation for getting up in the morning so difficult, proving that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
②The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. In fact, the peak for some people comes during the forenoon while it comes in the afternoon or evening for others.
③You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. In this way, you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
④Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Besides, whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.
This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
【点睛】 [高分句型1] This phenomenon might be called laziness, but Dr. Keltiman has a new explanation, that is, everyone has a daily energy cycle.运用一个并列句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中but引导的转折逻辑的并列句、that is插入语解释说明前文提到的名词等表达高级。
[高分句型2]：If your energy is low in the morning, rise before your usual hour. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。其中if引导条件状语从句、主句用祈使句表建议比较高级。
8．A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第三种思维出现的场景以及背后的原因。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1.A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions.
2.We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship.
3.It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened.
4.We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失).
5.Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ;
6.We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true,
7.The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行改写；将第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4、5个要点进行改写；将第6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong.
We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change.
We may have to give up, but we are not convinced.
We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong.运用一个时间状语从句中包含宾语从句的复杂句型。其中when引导的状语从句、that引导的宾语等表达高级。
[高分句型2] We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do. 用分句连接并列成分，概括整合最后一段内容，结构整齐。此外运用了as引导的状语从句，表达非常高级。
9．Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest. And he did so. Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow. Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly. The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位年轻的弓箭手要求国王宣布他为全国最伟大的弓箭手。一位森林里的老者找到国王，建议年轻人向更伟大的弓箭手学习，也就是他自己。三年后，为了成为最伟大的弓箭手，他设计想杀死老人，但是老人却巧妙还击，并告诉他自己的师父比自己还要优秀，没有人能成为最好的弓箭手。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Once upon a time a man became a great archer. He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country.
②The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ”
③For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.”
④The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly.
⑤There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第1、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest.
Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow.
Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest.运用转折连词but对原文第一段进行概括。其中包含被动语态的使用，为高级表达。
[高分句型2]The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him. 用that 引导宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句点出文章主题，句式较复杂，表达高级。
10．It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos. Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业的标志对于树立企业形象的重要性以及在设计标志时应该注意的一些问题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
②Logos are part of this image.
③Therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
④Many companies have over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images.
⑤Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合
遣词造句
It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos.
Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It is vital for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which includes logos.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
Many companies have renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images, therefore, it is significant to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries and be original.（that引导宾语从句）
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