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上海高考英语概要写作专项训练
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这是一份上海高考英语概要写作专项训练，共21页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Second-hand fashion stages a comeback
Few followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.
The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.
Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?
The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. Plastic does not decompose, but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. It threatens our nature as well as our health. One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics. In the UK, supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles, in which the food is displayed loose, and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether. One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic, they are protected and preserved, helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost. It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.
Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward, mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties. For example, glass products are a potential alternative, but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health. Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag. If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment. However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay Healthy in Autumn
In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.
Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.
Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.
Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.
Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Kangaroos can “talk” to us
Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.
Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.
It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Binge-watching the New Addiction?
Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?
Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.
However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?
The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.
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7．Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A plan to restore green spaces
The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.
As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.
New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation ” which is roughly 25 years.
Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Home sweet home - this phrase arouses all sorts of images and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, an apartment, a tent or any of a countless variety of places. But did you know that the condition of your living space can have an impact on your emotions and even on your mental health? By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood. If the lighting is too weak, it can have a negative effect on your emotions, and your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial light may not do the trick, however. It is better to open your curtains because natural sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
You have to do more than just remove poisonous substances from your home. To ensure good mental health, surround yourself with nature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean. Somehow stuff just tends to pile up. But this problem involves more than just aesthetics (美感). It doesn’t just look terrible: it makes you feel terrible. A cluttered room both reveals stress and causes stress. Disorder can indicate that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a mess can lead to more stress. Straightening up doesn’t have to take all day - just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You’ll be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
The color palette (用色风格) of your environment does more than passively reflect your color preferences. It also has an active influence on your mood and even your mental health. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
The sky is the limit to ways you can make your environment beneficial to good mental health. You could put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Does Recycling Work For Plastic?
Dealing with plastic waste is always a tough problem. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), half of the world’s plastic waste ends up in a landfill, 19% burned, and another 22% escapes waste management systems and goes into uncontrolled dumpsites.
So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass. However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: does recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is “not really.”
There’s been a lot of debate over what really happens to recycled plastic. But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it’s very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.
Much of the solution falls on big companies to change the way they do business. The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging, and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives. Above all, companies need to phase out all single-use plastics. For the consumer, living more plastic-free is the only real solution available. Avoiding drinks in plastic containers, using a travel mug or reusable water bottle, bringing your own reusable bag, buying in bulk and cutting back on pre-packaged foods are all a good start.
But in the end, corporate America needs a deeper commitment to the plastic waste problem. “Companies must take action now to get rid of single-use plastics and packaging and not rely on false solutions such as recycling,” says Greenpeace.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Any Problem with New Job Titles?
CEO, marketing director, lead writer, sales associate… Employees’ roles have generally been defined with these straightforward terms. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority and make sense to employees and employers alike. But now new titles are found in the changing world of work. Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?
In general, traditional job titles are clear and indicative of the employee’s seniority and responsibilities. For example, it’s largely accepted that assistants are below associates, who are below directors, who are below vice (副的) presidents, who are below CEOs. But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience. Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research. That means both employees and employers could suffer.
Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company. “They massively boost your confidence,” says Hughes, who works as “head of hype and culture” at an advertising agency. “They put faith in your competence, creating an environment in which you can grow and develop.” And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way. For example, if they use “people” instead of “human resources” in a title, they signal that they value individuals as customers and partners rather than resources to exploit.
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参考答案：
1．One possible version:
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与过去不同的是，如今二手时尚永久回归。相比于以时尚为导向的专业人士，普通人出于环保的考虑而选择二手时尚。巨大的市场上涨表明了它的受欢迎程度。升级的维修和升级回收工艺使进一步的创造成为可能。社交媒体也参与进来，网红影响销量，助长了这股热潮。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
②When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now.
③The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend.
④Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is getting back permanently.
Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, common people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity.
The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible.
Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection.运用过去分词作状语对第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.用with的复合结构对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．参考答案
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health. Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money. Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料垃圾会对自然和我们的健康造成很大的危害。禁止使用一次性塑料，虽然是出于好意，但并不是最好的解决方案。替代材料可能没有理想的性能，并可能对环境造成更大的危害。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. It threatens our nature as well as our health.
②One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.
③Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.
④ One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost.
⑤If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
⑥However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
2.缜密构思将第1要点单独概括，将2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health.
Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.
Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段后半部分和第二段进行了概括。其中省略的although引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]：Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.用文章纽带连接副词Besides对第三段和第四段进行了概括，运用了并列连词and连接谓语，表达高级。
3．People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep. Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.(54 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍秋天如何保持健康。
【详解】1.要点摘录 （1）People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.（2）Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.（3）Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen(牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. （4）Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. （5）Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句 People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep by going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.运用倒装句且动词不定式作后置定语。
[高分句型2]Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。对最后一段进行了概括、总结。
[高分句型3]Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits.该句使用祈使句，对第四段进行了概括。
4．In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans. Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals were found to turn to people using body language. The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study.
②The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
③Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box.
④It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans.
②Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language.
③The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language. 运用一个主从复合句对第二三段进行概括。运用了which引导的限定性定语从句。
[高分句型2]：The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them. 用improving现在分词表示自然而然的结果，对第三段部分内容和第四段进行总结。
5．Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity. The seemingly distracting background noise, as long as at a proper volume, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making. Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明咖啡店是一个可以激发创造力的地方。那些看似让人分心的背景噪音，只要音量适当，都有助于你的创造性思维和决策。此外，那些在咖啡店努力工作的人也可以让你做同样的事情。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output.
②Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
③There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research indicates that a café is a place that will stimulate creativity.
The seemingly distracting background noise, once a volume is proper, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making.
Also, people in the coffee shops who are working hard can promote you to do the same.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.用who 引导定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows. This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人会说，电视和网络媒体能给我们带来的大量信息和娱乐是一件好事。但是很多人逐渐的沉迷于刷剧，由此带来其他的消极影响，因此本文给出具体的刷剧建议是，刷剧要有节制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1，Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly.
2，Almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result of Binge-watching.
3，Missing work is also connected with Binge-watching.
4,Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction.
5, Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much.
2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.
This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction.
Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.运用过去分词作后置定语，以及动名词作宾语。
[高分句型2]Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.运用了让步状语从句，动名词作主语，表达高级。
[高分句型3]This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7．British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (56)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，英国政府计划通过观察绿色植物的净化和扩展来保护濒危野生动物。大规模恢复生态环境的目的是在基金的支持下，消除绿色空间的不平等，促进生物多样性。尽管长期规划的意图是环保，但一些人怀疑这些目标是否可以实现。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life.
②It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
③The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers.
④At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK.
⑤As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity.
⑥Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed.
⑦Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens.
Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.(运用了不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
8．One’s living environment can contribute to his health. For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood. Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. 57w
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是人们居住的空间状况会影响人们的情绪，甚至是心灵健康，通过改变一下家的一些可变音素能够让居住者拥有一个更加平静的生活。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
②It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood.
③Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
④Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean.
⑤Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
⑥Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
2.缜密构思将第②③两个要点进行整合，将第④⑤两个要点进行整合，①⑥两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句One’s living environment can contribute to his health.
Curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.
Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended.
In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.（运用一个并列句将两个段落的要点连接起来，同时使用动名词短语作主语使得句式结构更丰富）。
[高分句型2]：Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. （运用被动语态使句子表达不单一，使用并列连词and连接两个要点使内容更简洁，表达非常高级）
[高分句型3]：In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. （运用in addition将最后一个要点连接，使得更连贯，句子使用动名词短语作主语的形式）
9．One possible version:
While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests. Plastic waste is hard to gather and classify as its reprocessing may release something harmful. To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，尽管环保人士建议回收塑料垃圾，但这种做法似乎行不通。塑料垃圾很难收集和分类，因为再处理可能会释放有害物质。为了解决这个问题，企业应该减少对塑料包装的依赖，对环境负责，消费者应该采取无塑料的生活方式。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass.
②However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: does recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is “not really.”
③But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it’s very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.
④The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging, and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives.
2. 缜密构思
将1、2两个要点进行简化重组，将3、4两个要点进行简化整合。
3. 遣词造句
While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests.
Plastic waste is hard to gather and classify as its reprocessing may release something harmful.
To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle.
【点睛】[高分句型1]While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中动名词短语作主语、被动结构表达高级)
[高分句型2]To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle. (运用了并列句对第四段进行了概括，其中不定式作目的状语表达高级)
10．New job titles are challenging traditional ones in workplaces. Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers. However, others believe that these titles help employees gain more motivation and employers can show the staff greater respect. (56 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章比较了新职称和传统职称的区别，以及改变职称带来的价值。
【详解】1.要点摘录①Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?
②But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience.
③Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research.④Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company.
⑤And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句 New job titles are challenging traditional ones in workplaces.
Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, others believe that these titles help employees gain more motivation and employers can show the staff greater respect.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Second-hand fashion stages a comeback
Few followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.
The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.
Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?
The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. Plastic does not decompose, but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. It threatens our nature as well as our health. One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics. In the UK, supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles, in which the food is displayed loose, and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether. One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic, they are protected and preserved, helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost. It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.
Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward, mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties. For example, glass products are a potential alternative, but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health. Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag. If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment. However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay Healthy in Autumn
In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.
Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.
Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.
Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.
Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Kangaroos can “talk” to us
Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.
Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.
It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Binge-watching the New Addiction?
Have you ever loved a TV show? I mean really loved it? Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it? What about the cliffhanger? That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be?
Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.
However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?
The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.
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7．Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A plan to restore green spaces
The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.
As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.
New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation ” which is roughly 25 years.
Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Home sweet home - this phrase arouses all sorts of images and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, an apartment, a tent or any of a countless variety of places. But did you know that the condition of your living space can have an impact on your emotions and even on your mental health? By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood. If the lighting is too weak, it can have a negative effect on your emotions, and your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial light may not do the trick, however. It is better to open your curtains because natural sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
You have to do more than just remove poisonous substances from your home. To ensure good mental health, surround yourself with nature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean. Somehow stuff just tends to pile up. But this problem involves more than just aesthetics (美感). It doesn’t just look terrible: it makes you feel terrible. A cluttered room both reveals stress and causes stress. Disorder can indicate that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a mess can lead to more stress. Straightening up doesn’t have to take all day - just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You’ll be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
The color palette (用色风格) of your environment does more than passively reflect your color preferences. It also has an active influence on your mood and even your mental health. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
The sky is the limit to ways you can make your environment beneficial to good mental health. You could put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Does Recycling Work For Plastic?
Dealing with plastic waste is always a tough problem. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), half of the world’s plastic waste ends up in a landfill, 19% burned, and another 22% escapes waste management systems and goes into uncontrolled dumpsites.
So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass. However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: does recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is “not really.”
There’s been a lot of debate over what really happens to recycled plastic. But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it’s very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.
Much of the solution falls on big companies to change the way they do business. The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging, and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives. Above all, companies need to phase out all single-use plastics. For the consumer, living more plastic-free is the only real solution available. Avoiding drinks in plastic containers, using a travel mug or reusable water bottle, bringing your own reusable bag, buying in bulk and cutting back on pre-packaged foods are all a good start.
But in the end, corporate America needs a deeper commitment to the plastic waste problem. “Companies must take action now to get rid of single-use plastics and packaging and not rely on false solutions such as recycling,” says Greenpeace.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Any Problem with New Job Titles?
CEO, marketing director, lead writer, sales associate… Employees’ roles have generally been defined with these straightforward terms. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority and make sense to employees and employers alike. But now new titles are found in the changing world of work. Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?
In general, traditional job titles are clear and indicative of the employee’s seniority and responsibilities. For example, it’s largely accepted that assistants are below associates, who are below directors, who are below vice (副的) presidents, who are below CEOs. But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience. Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research. That means both employees and employers could suffer.
Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company. “They massively boost your confidence,” says Hughes, who works as “head of hype and culture” at an advertising agency. “They put faith in your competence, creating an environment in which you can grow and develop.” And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way. For example, if they use “people” instead of “human resources” in a title, they signal that they value individuals as customers and partners rather than resources to exploit.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．One possible version:
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与过去不同的是，如今二手时尚永久回归。相比于以时尚为导向的专业人士，普通人出于环保的考虑而选择二手时尚。巨大的市场上涨表明了它的受欢迎程度。升级的维修和升级回收工艺使进一步的创造成为可能。社交媒体也参与进来，网红影响销量，助长了这股热潮。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
②When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now.
③The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend.
④Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is getting back permanently.
Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, common people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity.
The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible.
Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection.运用过去分词作状语对第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.用with的复合结构对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．参考答案
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health. Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money. Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料垃圾会对自然和我们的健康造成很大的危害。禁止使用一次性塑料，虽然是出于好意，但并不是最好的解决方案。替代材料可能没有理想的性能，并可能对环境造成更大的危害。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. It threatens our nature as well as our health.
②One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.
③Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.
④ One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost.
⑤If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
⑥However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
2.缜密构思将第1要点单独概括，将2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health.
Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.
Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段后半部分和第二段进行了概括。其中省略的although引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]：Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.用文章纽带连接副词Besides对第三段和第四段进行了概括，运用了并列连词and连接谓语，表达高级。
3．People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep. Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.(54 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍秋天如何保持健康。
【详解】1.要点摘录 （1）People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.（2）Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.（3）Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen(牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. （4）Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. （5）Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句 People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep by going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.运用倒装句且动词不定式作后置定语。
[高分句型2]Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。对最后一段进行了概括、总结。
[高分句型3]Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits.该句使用祈使句，对第四段进行了概括。
4．In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans. Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals were found to turn to people using body language. The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study.
②The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
③Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box.
④It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans.
②Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language.
③The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language. 运用一个主从复合句对第二三段进行概括。运用了which引导的限定性定语从句。
[高分句型2]：The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them. 用improving现在分词表示自然而然的结果，对第三段部分内容和第四段进行总结。
5．Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity. The seemingly distracting background noise, as long as at a proper volume, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making. Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明咖啡店是一个可以激发创造力的地方。那些看似让人分心的背景噪音，只要音量适当，都有助于你的创造性思维和决策。此外，那些在咖啡店努力工作的人也可以让你做同样的事情。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output.
②Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
③There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research indicates that a café is a place that will stimulate creativity.
The seemingly distracting background noise, once a volume is proper, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making.
Also, people in the coffee shops who are working hard can promote you to do the same.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.用who 引导定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows. This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人会说，电视和网络媒体能给我们带来的大量信息和娱乐是一件好事。但是很多人逐渐的沉迷于刷剧，由此带来其他的消极影响，因此本文给出具体的刷剧建议是，刷剧要有节制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1，Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly.
2，Almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result of Binge-watching.
3，Missing work is also connected with Binge-watching.
4,Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction.
5, Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much.
2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.
This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction.
Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.运用过去分词作后置定语，以及动名词作宾语。
[高分句型2]Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.运用了让步状语从句，动名词作主语，表达高级。
[高分句型3]This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7．British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (56)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，英国政府计划通过观察绿色植物的净化和扩展来保护濒危野生动物。大规模恢复生态环境的目的是在基金的支持下，消除绿色空间的不平等，促进生物多样性。尽管长期规划的意图是环保，但一些人怀疑这些目标是否可以实现。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life.
②It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
③The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers.
④At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK.
⑤As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity.
⑥Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed.
⑦Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens.
Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.(运用了不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
8．One’s living environment can contribute to his health. For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood. Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. 57w
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是人们居住的空间状况会影响人们的情绪，甚至是心灵健康，通过改变一下家的一些可变音素能够让居住者拥有一个更加平静的生活。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
②It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood.
③Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
④Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean.
⑤Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
⑥Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
2.缜密构思将第②③两个要点进行整合，将第④⑤两个要点进行整合，①⑥两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句One’s living environment can contribute to his health.
Curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.
Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended.
In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.（运用一个并列句将两个段落的要点连接起来，同时使用动名词短语作主语使得句式结构更丰富）。
[高分句型2]：Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. （运用被动语态使句子表达不单一，使用并列连词and连接两个要点使内容更简洁，表达非常高级）
[高分句型3]：In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. （运用in addition将最后一个要点连接，使得更连贯，句子使用动名词短语作主语的形式）
9．One possible version:
While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests. Plastic waste is hard to gather and classify as its reprocessing may release something harmful. To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，尽管环保人士建议回收塑料垃圾，但这种做法似乎行不通。塑料垃圾很难收集和分类，因为再处理可能会释放有害物质。为了解决这个问题，企业应该减少对塑料包装的依赖，对环境负责，消费者应该采取无塑料的生活方式。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass.
②However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: does recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is “not really.”
③But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it’s very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.
④The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging, and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives.
2. 缜密构思
将1、2两个要点进行简化重组，将3、4两个要点进行简化整合。
3. 遣词造句
While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests.
Plastic waste is hard to gather and classify as its reprocessing may release something harmful.
To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle.
【点睛】[高分句型1]While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中动名词短语作主语、被动结构表达高级)
[高分句型2]To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle. (运用了并列句对第四段进行了概括，其中不定式作目的状语表达高级)
10．New job titles are challenging traditional ones in workplaces. Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers. However, others believe that these titles help employees gain more motivation and employers can show the staff greater respect. (56 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章比较了新职称和传统职称的区别，以及改变职称带来的价值。
【详解】1.要点摘录①Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?
②But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience.
③Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research.④Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company.
⑤And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句 New job titles are challenging traditional ones in workplaces.
Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Some of them are unclear, which some think makes it hard for employers to pick out candidates and for workers to interpret their previous job to prospective employers.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, others believe that these titles help employees gain more motivation and employers can show the staff greater respect.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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