Unit 1 单元小结-八年级英语下册同步精品课堂（牛津深圳版） 试卷

Unit 1 Helping those in need单元小结知识目录学习目标：谈论志愿者的工作。能读懂志愿者这方面的文章。语法目标：学习不定式的用法。听说目标：能听懂并谈论志愿者活动的对话或小短文，能说出自己的志愿者的计划。写作目标：能够写出志愿者活动小短文。目录知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式TOC \o "1-1" \h \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30372" 要点1 raise 的用法 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc14583" 要点2 permission的用法 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc26891" 要点3 disabled 的用法 4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc28566" 要点4 suffer的用法 4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc25557" 要点5 illness用法 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc19174" 要点6 organize用法 6 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30708" 要点7 lonely和alone的辨异 7 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc249" 要点8 pain的用法 8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20625" 要点9 express的用法 9 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc4158" 要点10 difficulty的用法 10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc4158" 要点11 spirit的用法 11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30372" 要点12 die dead,death的用法 12 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc14583" 要点13 encourage的用法 13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc26891" 要点14 offer的用法 14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc28566" 要点15 spend“四朵金花”的用法 16 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc25557" 要点16 because和because of的用法 19 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc249" 要点17 重点短语 20 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc249" 要点18重点句式 21知识要点二、语法 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30708" 要点1 不定式的用法 21知识要点三、书面表达 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc249" 要点1 话题分析 25 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc20625" 要点2 词汇短语积累 25 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30708" 要点3句式积累 26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc30708" 要点4实战演练 27知识要点一、重点单词，短语和句式【精讲精练】要点1 raiseraise v. 筹集；提升；增加 raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思 常见搭配：raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 raise a family 养家糊口 raise money 筹款； raise price 提高价格； raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise children（抚养孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如： The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如： The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动） The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）【典例分析】1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。 （1）He __________ and walked to the window. （2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect. （3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______. （4）Her temperature is still ______. 【答案】（1）rose (2)raised (3)raised （4）rising2根据汉语意思完成句子（1）月亮已经从山上升起。The moon ________ ________ above the hills.（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。The boss promised ________ _________her salary.【答案】（1）has risen （2）to raise 3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raisedC．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised【答案】A 句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。 raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled【答案】B 抬高价格。Raise the price。Raise 后面接宾语。5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.A. rise　 B. raise　 C. rose D. raised 【答案】D 句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise 及物动词，后面接宾语。6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital ?-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)A. collect B. put up C. spend 【答案】raise “筹集，征集”raise money 募捐。7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。【答案】The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Rise 不及物动词。要点 2 permissionPermission 准许；批准Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。【同根词】permit v. 许可；准许The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 卫兵准许我带相机和录音机1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事Permit me to offer you some advice. 请允许我向你提些建议。(2)permit doing sth. 允许做某事We do not permit smoking in the office. 我们不允许在办公室吸烟。【典例分析】 (1)The rules of the club do not permit ____________ (smoke).(2)My parents permitted me _____________(go)to the party.【答案】1.smoking 2.to go 要点 3：disableddisabled是形容词，意为“丧失能力的；有残疾的”。（1）disable v. 使……失去能力 He was disabled in the accident. 他在那次事故中成了残疾。（2）able adj. 有能力的 We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。【典例分析】 1.He is old enough to be_______（disabled）to take care of himself.2.不要嘲笑残疾人。(完成句子)Don’t laugh at _________ __________.【解析】1.able 有能力的。be able to 能，会。 2.disabled people。要点4：suffersuffer (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨He suffered terribly during the last few days. 在过去的几天里，他痛苦不堪。suffer from 受……折磨She suffers from the disease. 她受疾病的折磨。【典例分析】 1. Some people in the poor village are still s______ from hunger.（根据首字母完成单词拼写） 2.快进来吧，这样你就不会受外面寒冷的折磨。（完成句子）Come in quickly so you won’t ________ ________ the cold outside.【答案】1. Suffering 2.suffer from要点5：illnessillness n. （某种）病 The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst） 辨析：ill, sick的区别： ill和sick都有生病的，有病的意思，但是用法并不完全相同。【典例分析】1.用ill和sick填空1）The boy doesn’t like to eat anything. He can be ________ 2）Lucy’s mother is _________in hospital.3）She’ll visit her _________mother after school. 4)The smell makes me________.【答案】1.ill /sick 2.ill/sick 作表语2个单词都可以。 3.sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语。 4.sick 着重表示“恶心的“2. He is also _______,but he is still taking care of another _______ man.A. ill; ill B. sick; ill C. ill; sick 【答案】C .sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语要点 6：organize1)organize v. 组织；筹备 We all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。2)organized adj. 有组织的 Do you have any connections to organized crime? 你参与了任何有组织的犯罪吗？ 3)organizer n. 组织者 A good organizer pays attention to detail. 一个好的组织者考虑问题无微不至。 4) organization n.组织Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary organizations. 给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。【典例分析】 1.The_________are going to_____________ a sports meeting. A. organizer; organize B. organizers; organized C. organization; organize D. organizers; organize【答案】D【解析】这些组织者将组织一场运动会。2. —What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith?—Good idea. Let’s discuss when to _______________ the party.A. organize B. delete C. accept D. solve【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——给Miss Smit办个惊喜派对怎么样？——好主意，让我们讨论何时组织这个聚会。A. organize组织；B. delete删除；C. accept接受；D. solve解决。根据What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith?可知，此处应表示：组织聚会。故选A。3. ---What are you going to do this weekend?---We are going to________ a picnic. Would you like to join us?A. choose B. organize C. send D. travel【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意可知，这个周末你打算做什么? 我们打算组织一次野餐。你想加入我们吗? choose意为：选择；organize意为：组织；send意为：寄；派遣；travel意为：旅行。4.China joined the World Trade ___________ (organize) some years ago. 【解析】Organization 组织。名词。要点 7：lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。 【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析： lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如： Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。区分 alone 与 lonely【典例分析】1. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone【点拨】B句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。2.Nowadays many old people stay at home ________, so they often feel ________.A. lonely, lonely B. lonely, alone C. alone, lonely D. alone, alone【点拨】C 句意：现在许多老人独自待在家里，所以他们经常感觉很孤独。考查形容词和副词用法。lonely孤独的，形容词，带有感情色彩；alone独自（的），副词和形容词，不带感情色彩。根据语境可知“老人在家里”讲述的是一个事实，而“他们感觉很孤独”带有强烈的感情色彩；第一空修饰动词stay用副词alone，第二空系动词feel后跟形容词lonely作表语，故选C。3.When you feel hopeless and________，just remember you are not________ in the world.A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonelyC．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely【点拨】C lonely意为“孤独的，寂寞的”；alone意为“单独，独自”，强调独自一人。4. 用alone，lonely填空(1) We should do our homework ________.【答案】alone(2) The poor boy is________ and has no friends.【答案】lonely(3) It is not convenient to live in a(n) ________ area.【答案】lonely (4) I don’t feel ________though I am________ in a strange city.【答案】alone（5）The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters. 【答案】第一空lonely “偏僻的”，只作定语。 第二空，alone 强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”要点8 painpain的用法 (1)作为名词，意为“痛；疼痛”。常用于be in（great）pain，意为“处于极度疼痛之中”。 No pains,no gains.一份耕耘，一份收获。（2）其形容词为painful，意为“痛苦的”。【典例分析】 1.老人被车撞了，非常痛苦。 The old man was hit by a car and he was ________ ________ __________. 【答案】in great pain2.你的腿现在还疼吗？ Is your leg___________ now?【答案】painful3. My hand is ________ pain. I just cut my hand when I used a knife to cut things. A．for B．at C．in D．with【答案】C固定搭配法。in pain是固定搭配，意为“疼痛；痛苦”，故选C。4.The old man's daughter died last year，so he was in great __________ and __________.A．sadness；pain B．sad；painful C．sadness；painful D．sad；pain【答案】A【解析】句意：这个老人的女儿去年死了，因此他非常的伤心和痛苦。great 巨大的，形容词修饰名词作定语；sadness伤心，名词；pain痛苦，名词；sad伤心的，形容词；painful痛苦的，形容词；故选A。5.The boy was badly hurt. He couldn’t help crying because of the .A. pain B. happiness C. performance D. joy【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词辨析。pain意为“疼痛”；happiness意为“幸福；高兴”；performance意为“表演”；joy意为“快乐”。根据题干中的“那个男孩伤得很严重”可推断，他因为“疼痛”忍不住哭了起来，故答案为A。要点9 expressexpress词性 动词，意为：表示；表达（思想和感情）对某人表达... express ...to sb. I find it difficult to express my meaning. 我发觉难以表达我的意思。 She expressed her thanks to us.她向我们致谢。【拓展】express的名词形式为Expression，意为“表情；表示；表达方式” I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks.我送给他们鲜花以表示感谢。【典例分析】1.The artist always__________ (表达) his world view in his works.点拨：可用语法判断法解答本题。该句中缺少谓语动词，“表达”动词原形为express,又因为本句主语为the artist,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填expresses.2.—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.—I agree. Most poets(诗人) describe this season to 　 　　a feeling of sadness, but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope. A. excuse B. express C. expect D. explain【答案】B【解析】考查动词。句意:“刘禹锡的《秋词》用一种不同的方式来描述秋天。”“我同意。大多数诗人描述这个季节时表达出一种悲伤的情感,但是在刘的眼里秋天充满了生机和希望。”excuse意为“原谅”;express意为“表达”;expect意为“期望,预料”;explain意为“解释,说明”。根据a feeling of sadness可知,应该是表达感情。故选B。要点10 difficultydifficulty n. 意为“困难; 困境; 难事”。difficulty 作抽象的“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“困难(如难事、难题)” 时，是可数名词。difficult，形容词。困难的常用短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。 have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难【典例分析】1. Mr. Li says we can ask him for help if we have any ________. A. excuses                B. difficulty    C. information          D. programmes【答案】本题考查名词辨析。excuse意为“理由；借口”，difficulty意为“困难”，information意为“信息”，programme 意为“节目”，结合语境可知应选B。2.I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. find B. found C. to find D. finding【答案】D试题分析：句意：在那个餐馆我费了好大的劲才找出菜谱上的适合的菜。这里是have difficulty in doing，这里in可以省去，故选D。3. Cheer up! I'm sure we can________ these difficulties.A. create B. solve C. choose D. have【答案】B【解析】句意：高兴起来，我确定我们能解决这些困难。A. create创造；B. solve解决；C. choose选择；D. have有。这里是情态动词+动词的原形。根据题意，故选B。4.我们费了好大劲才找到你的房子。We had a lot of _______________ in __________ your house【答案】difficulty finding要点11 spiritspirit n. 精灵；神灵；精神 【考点】与spirit相关的短语：be in high spirits情绪高 be in low spirits情绪低 in spirit在精神上【典例分析】1.这是一种多么高尚的精神。What _______ ________ ________ this is!他情绪低落。2.He is __________ _________ __________.【点拨】1.a noble spirit 2.in low spirit3.On Children’s Day, children receive lots of gifts and are all in high 　　　. A. mind B. minds C. spirit D. spirits【点拨】D　考查固定搭配。spirit“精神”,in high spirits“情绪高涨”,是固定搭配。要点12 die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了，恐怕快要死了。译：他的母亲去世5年了。误：His mother died for five years.正：His mother has been dead for five years.dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。He was watching his dead cat when I came in.当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。拓展： die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。Her grandfather died of cancer in 1992. 她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。 die from意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。The old man died from a car accident last year. 那位老人去年死于一场车祸。【典例分析】1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week?—Yes. He died ________ illness.A. of B. from C. with D. as【答案】A【解析】die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead【答案】D【解析】die 是非延续性动词。不能与一段时间连用。故要用表示状态的词。答案选D3. —When did the old man ________？—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died【答案】B 应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词4.Lei Feng　　 for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A. died 　　　　B. has died C. was dead 　　 D. has been dead【答案】D　【解析】句意:雷锋已经死了许多年了,但他的精神仍在激励着我们。本题考查动词时态。由设空处后的for many years可知应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词。故答案为D项。Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语或首字母提示填写单词。5. Li Hua's grandfather has been d________ for 20 years.6 About 50 passengers were burned to ________(死亡)on BRT Xiamen on June 7th , 2013 【答案】5.dead 6. death要点13 encourageencourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如： The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。encourage 词形变化及短语用法： encourage (v.) 鼓励----->常用短语 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事 encourage sb in sth在某事上鼓励某人 courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事【典例分析】1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。【点拨】encourages us to2. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed! A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage【点拨】本题考查名词辨析。will意为“意志；决心”，fun意为“娱乐；乐趣”，pride意为“自豪感；骄傲”，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，结合语境可知应选D。3.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition. A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter【点拨】本题考查动词的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选D。4.Miss White encouraged Lucy ________.A. dance B. dancing C.to dance D. will dance【点拨】C 句意：怀特小姐鼓励Lucy去跳舞。考查动词辨析。encourage鼓励，encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做……，不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。要点 14：offer offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出常用短语：offer to do sth主动提供干某事 offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。 They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析：provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。【典例分析】1.他主动要把他的词典借给我He________ _________ ________ me his dictionary.。【答案】offered to lend offer作动词，后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。2.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。The headmaster___________ ___________ her raincoat.= The headmaster___________ her raincoat__________ ___________.【答案】offered me offered to me offer作动词，后面可接双宾语，表示主动提出给与某人某物时。3.感谢你主动帮忙。Thank you for__________ ___________of help.【答案】your offer offer用作名词，意为提议；提供；出价。4. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________. A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help【答案】B句意：每当我遇到麻烦，我的姐姐总是会主动帮助我。考查动词短语辨析：offer to do sth主动提出做某事；ask sb to do sth要求某人去做某事；根据句意为主动做某事。故选B。5.A lot of heroes ______________ their lives _____________ our country during the earthquake in Sichuan. A. offer ; to B. offer ; for C. offered ; to D. offered ; /【答案】C句意：在四川地震期间许多的英雄都主动把生命奉献给了我们的祖国。考查动词短语搭配辨析。根据动词offer判断短语搭配为offer sb sth = offer sth to sb；再结合句意判断为过去时。故选C。6.They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat. A．for B．to C．about D．with【答案】D【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb．with sth．相当于provide sth．for sb．为某人提供某物。故选D。7. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work. A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为“这家新开业的公司给当地人提供了更多的就业机会”。provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物。 8. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road. —It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate. A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为“—在过去的五年中, 中国在一带一路中发挥了重要作用。—它为很多国家提供了一个交流的好机会”。offer提供; support支持; include包括; provide提供。offer sb. sth. offer sth. to Sb. 提供某人某物。 Provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 故答案选A要点15 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）【典例分析】一、单项选择： 1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost【点拨】B句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost【点拨】D句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent 【点拨】A. 主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take【点拨】A 主语是人(I )。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework. A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing【点拨】D 主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month. A. on B. in C. with D. of【点拨】A。 spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home. A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do【点拨】B spend（in）doing in可省略，而不是spend 。。。on doing。注意这里学生往往弄错。故答案选B8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture. A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish【点拨】A。“It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend【点拨】A 句意：微笑无需付出，却给予很多。spend花费，Sb. spend some money/some time on/doing sth.主语是人，经常与on连用，跟动词用动名词形式；cost花费，Sth. cost sb. some money，主语是物，人和钱作其宾语。本题中a smile是物，用cost。主语A smile是单数名词，因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式；故本题选A项costs。二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.【点拨】takes2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.【点拨】spent3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.【点拨】cost 4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.【点拨】paid5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.【点拨】spent三、完成句子。1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。 They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.【点拨】spent in building 2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 _________ __________ them three years __________ build this road. 【点拨】It took to 3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。 ________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.【点拨】It takes to walk 4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。 It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition. 【点拨】to finish5、我花三千元买了这部手机。 ________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone. 【点拨】I spent on/buying 或 I paid for要点16 because of because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 　 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。　We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 　 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。【典例分析】1. 用because和because of填空。(1) _he is ill, he is absent today. (2)He is not at school his illness. (3)He can’t come the heavy rain. (4)We like physics we can learn a lot of ideas.(5)The students didn’t need to go to school __________ ____ the storm. 【点拨】 1.because 2.because of 3. because of 4.because 5. because of2.He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. （同义句改写） _____________ he was ill, he didn’t go to school. 【点拨】Because 3. He couldn’t walk because his leg was broken. （同义句改写） He couldn’t walk ____________ ________ his _________ leg.【点拨】because of broken 4. I came back because it was raining heavily. （同义句改写） I came back ___________ ________ the ________ rain. 【点拨】 because of heavy 5. ______ I don’t have enough money, ______ I can’t afford the car.A. /; so B. Because; so C./; and D./; because【点拨】A because通常用来回答why提出的问题，与so不能同时使用。6. He didn’t go to school yesterday ____ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. if D. so【点拨】because 后面通常接句子，表示“原因”。Because of 接短语。7. I didn’t go to the party not________ the weather, but _______I didn’t feel well.A. because of; because B. because; because ofC. because; because D. because of; because of【点拨】A句意：我没去聚会不是因为天气，而是因为我感觉不舒服。because of 和because都表示原因，区别是前者后面接名词性短语，后者接从句。前文根据the weather可知用because of，后者根据I didn't feel well可知用because。故选A。【重点短语】1.报请批准 2.情绪高涨3.无法做某事 4.因为；由于5.继续做某事 6.帮助某人7.做某事有困难 8.需要帮助的9.身体状况良好/较差 10.在某人空闲时间11.为了 12.与某人交朋友13.为...付费 14.筹集善款15.使振奋 15.遭受16.拍照 17.参加18.考虑 19.义务性工作【答案】1.ask permission 2.be in high spirits 3.be unable to do sth. 4.because of 5.continue to do sth.6.give sb. a hand 7.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 8.in need 9.in good/bad health 10.in one’s free time11.in order to 12.make friends with 13.pay for ... 14.raise money 15.raise one’s spirits 16.suffer from17.take photos of 18.take part in19.think about 20.voluntary work【重点句式】1. Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesses. 2. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. 3. .I went there and took some photos of it 4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. 5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 6. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.知识要点二、语法动词不定式A 不定式的语法功能1.作主语1)眼见为实________ _________ is to believe2) 昨天我花2小时做作业。It _________ me 2 hours _________ __________ my homework yesterday.3) 对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。________ brave ________ a 13-year-old boy ________ ________ around the foreign countries alone.4)对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 ________ _______very dangerous for children _________ __________ the busy street.【答案】1) To see 2)took to finish 3)It’s of to travel 4.It is to cross 【解析】2，3，4，题it 是形式主语。不定式作真正主语。2. 作宾语习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, learn, offer, plan, promise, want, wish, would like等1）她希望将来去美国留学She hopes_________ _________ in America in the future.2)我想买个新相机。I want ________ _________ a new camera.3)她答应会来。She promised _________ _______.4)他们决定步行去那儿。 They __________ __________ ____________ there on foot.【答案】1)to study 2)to buy 3)to come 4)decide to go 【解析】这些不定式都是做宾语。3.作表语1)我的梦想是当一名老师。My dream is ___________ ___________a teacher2)他似乎很有钱。He seems __________ ________ very rich.3)他的任务是照顾好他的妹妹。His task is______________ _________ ___________his sister well.【答案】1)to be/become a 2)to be 3)to look after 【解析】这些不定式都是做表语。4）不定式作宾语补助语这类结构常见于ask sb. to do sth. tell sb to do sth want sb. to do sth. advise sb. to do 这类动词常有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, help, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。1）我爸妈不许我晚上外出My parents don’t allow _________ _______ _______ out at night.2）老师叫我们把这些单词写下来。The teacher told _________ _________ ________ ________the words.3)他鼓励我努力学习He encouraged _________ ________ ________ hard.4)他昨天用机器人完成他的作业。He used _________ _________ ________ _________his home work.【答案】1)me to go 2)us to write down 3)me to study 4) a robot to finish/do 【解析】这些不定式都是做宾语补助语，补充说明宾语。5）不定式作状语1）他来借钱。He came _________ _________ some money.2)他每周六都去那照顾病人。Every Saturday, he went there _________ _________ ______ the patients.3)很高兴见到你I am glad_________ _________ you.【答案】1)to borrow 2)to look after（表示目的状语） 3) to see(表示原因状语)6）不定式作定语（后面章节再学习）B 不定式的疑问式“疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句1）他们正在学习如何帮助残疾人。They are learning _________ _________ _________ disabled people.2）你知道在哪儿买飞机票吗？ Do you know ____________ _________ ___________ flight tickets?3）他知道什么时候开始。 He knew __________ ___________ ____________.4)请告诉我下一步做什么。 Please tell me __________ __________ __________ next.5)打扰一下，请问书店怎么走？ Excuse me, could you tell me _______ _________ _________ ________ to the book shop?C 不定式的否定式1)老师提醒上课不要睡觉。 The teacher warned Kate ________ _________ ________ in class.2)老师告诉Sally即使是没有时间也不要放弃弹钢琴.The teacher told Sally playing the piano even though she had no time3）警察叫那些孩子不要在马路上玩耍。 The police told the children __________ _______ ________ on the road.D省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有let, make，see, hear，watch。而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to1）别让小孩玩火。Don’t _________ your child _________with fire.2)这喧闹的音乐使我想离开。The loud music made_________ ___________ to leave. 3)我看见她进了这家医院。I __________her ____________he hospital.4)我们经常听到她唱这首歌。We often__________ her _________this song.【典例分析】一 用所给词的适当形式填空1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world. 2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum?3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first. 4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework?5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party. 6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease. 7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work? 10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books. 【答案】1.to travel 2.to visit 3.finish 4.to help 5.to organize 6.to suffer 7.to play 8.to sing 9.do 10.to read知识要点三、书面表达【话题分析】本单元写作话题是志愿者工作，能够表述志愿者活动的一些语句。学会不定式在句式中的运用。能够写出做志愿者计划的小短文。【短语积累】1.需要帮助的_________________ 2.义务性工作_________________3.报请批准_________________ 4.因……受苦；受折磨_________________5.使振奋；使鼓起勇气_________________ 6.拍照_________________7.表达某人的感情_________________ 8.照顾_________________9.在某人的空闲时间_________________ 10.做……有困难_________________11.筹款_________________ 12.将来_________________13.目的在于；为了_________________ 14.考虑_________________15.开展活动_________________ 16.因为；由于_________________17改变某人的人生_________________ 18.担任……工作_________________【答案】1. in need 2.voluntary work 3.ask permission 4.suffer from ... 5.raise one’s spirits 6.take photos of 7.express one’s feelings 8.look after 9.in one’s free time 10.have difficulty doing ... 11.raise money 12.in the future 13.in order to 14.think about 15.have an activity 16.because of 17.change one’s life 18.work as 【句式积累】重点句子翻译。1.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。【答案】I had no difficulty (in)making myself understood.2.对新单词的发音我总是有困难。【答案】I always have difficulty (in) pronouncing new words.3.怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。【答案】Mrs. White’s little boy is suffering from a bad flu again.4. 美妙的音乐可以给她带来快乐和宁静。【答案】Beautiful music can bring her joy and peace. 5. 我会尽最大的努力使她振作起来。【答案】 I will try my best to raise her spirits.6. 我们想要在星期五下午在学校操场举行这次活动。【答案】We would like to have the activity on the school playground on Friday afternoon.7. 网上订票很方便。【答案】It is convenient to book a ticket online. 8.为了筹款给那些需要帮助的儿童，我们计划了一些活动。【答案】In order to raise money for the children in need, we are going to plan some activities. 9. 我们将举办一个书展。【答案】We are going to hold a book fair.10. 我盼望得到你的回信。【答案】I am looking forward to hearing from you.【实战演练】话题　给校长的一封信 假如你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。词数80左右。 内容包括：活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；(2)活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；(3)时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；(4)参加人员：全校师生。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】 此篇作文以计划筹款帮助儿童征得学校同意为主线，主要内容是筹款的目的及方式。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——怎样帮助有需要的人。 在写作过程中要明确以下几点： 1. 人称：使用第一人称； 2. 时态：使用正确的时态——一般现在时态和一般将来时态； 3. 内容：把题目中所给的提示内容组句成文，不要遗漏要点。【范文赏析】Dear Mr. Wang, I am writing to ask for your permission to hold a book fair at our school. We plan to have a party near the supermarket to ask people to protect the environment. However, we are short of money. So we are going to hold a book fair to raise some money. We would like to begin this activity at 4:00 p.m. next Wednesday on the playground. At that time, all the students and teachers at our school will take part in it. Could you please give us the permission? We are looking forward to your reply. Yours, Su Mingillill表示生病的，有病的 这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。ill作定语修饰名词时是坏的，邪恶的意思。He is an ill man他是一个邪恶的人。sicksick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如病人可以说a sick man或the sick,但不能说an ill man或the ill。She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲Sick 有恶心的，厌倦的之意。The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心alone形容词和副词强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感情色彩。作形容词时不可作定语。lonely形容词强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。词汇用法spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. spend time/money on sth.在....上花费时间/金钱2. spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事cost主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”take后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。pay主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人）2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。