高中英语新人教版必修二Unit 4语法知识过去分词作定语和宾语补足语精讲

高中英语必修二Unit 4过去分词作定语和宾语补足语精讲一、过去分词作定语1.意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳2.位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。The student dressed in white is my daughter.＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。The question discussedwas very important.讨论过的那个问题很重要。The house standing at thecorner of the street was built in 2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。3.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：　意义形式　　　语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The buildingbuilt last year is our classroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The buildingbeing built now is our classroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The buildingto be built next month is ourclassroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。二、过去分词作宾语补足语1.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。He got uplate and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。2.过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。Claire had her luggage checked an hour beforeher plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。While theywere on holiday，they had their car broken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。They managedto make themselves understood byusing very simple English.他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。3.感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday athome.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。The nextmorning people found the worldoutside their houses completely changed.第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4.表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。The manager ordered the work finished at the end ofthis week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。5.过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The livingroom is clean and tidy，witha dining tablealready laid for a meal to becooked.客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。Johnreceived an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，hegladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。6.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别：(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listento，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：I heard her singing an English song whenI passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行)I heard her sing an English song justnow.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)To learnEnglish well，we should findopportunities to hear English spokenas much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较The shockingnews made me realize what terribleproblems we would face.这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。I made myself known to them first andthen we talked about our hobbies.我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。Mother had me go to the shop and buy somesalt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。He had us laughing all through the meal.整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。My eldersister had her wallet stolen on abus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward thefront after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。She kept her eyes shut and stayed where shewas.她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较WeChat islike a public network，withpeople sharing information publicly；whateverthey say or publish can be seen by everybody.微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the testssuccessfully.由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。