备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 22 阅读推理判断题

一、考点总结

考点一、题型特点

主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查，纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。

常见的提问形式：

考点二、解题技巧

推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等。

常见的题目设置方式：

What can we infer/learn from the passage?

What’s the attitude of the author?

The passage is most likely taken from?

We can infer from the passage that the author _________.

The main purpose of the survey is to ________.

What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

What would the author probably discuss in the passage that follows?

The underlined sentenced in the second paragraph implied that?

EXCEPT；NOT TRUE；TRUE；NOT CORRECT；FALSE；                   NOT FALSE；CORRECT

做推理判断题一定要关注名词前的修饰词、连词、副词。

 推理判断题更多考察的是对原文信息的一个掌握度，因此读文章的时候，如果发现有连词，一定要标注出来；副词是修饰性词语，不宜过多，因此一篇文章中凡是有副词修饰的句子必然是有细节的句子，因此有副词的地方也需要圈出来；形容词是限制性词语，名词本身是高度概括性的词汇，但是如果加上形容词，那么原来名词的范围就会被扩大或者缩小，所以一定要注意名词前有没有形容词，以及形容词有没有发生变化。

 对于推理判断题的选项我们采取的是细节理解题的条件定位法进行线索搜寻，快速定位到关键信息，然后再进行综合推断。注意：一定要在原文圈出对应的选项位置。

二、考点突破

Passage 1

One day a man went to the market and brought home some peaches. He said to his four sons, “I have bought a peach for each of you, and one for your mother.” They took the fruit and thanked their father. It was not often that they could have such fine peaches.

In the evening the father said, “Well, boys, what did you do with those peaches?”

The eldest son said, “I ate mine, and found it very sweet and juicy. I have put the stone (果核) away, and in the spring I will plant it. If it grows, I will have a peach tree of my own.”

“You have done right,” said his father. “It is a good thing to think of having something for yourself tomorrow.”

The youngest son then said, I ate my peach and threw away the stone, and mother gave me half of hers. It tasted so good.”

“Well,” said his father, you are a little boy. But you should not have been so quick to eat the peach and throw away the stone.”

The second son said, I picked up the stone which he threw away. I broke it open and ate the kernel (仁). Then I sold my peach for enough to buy three peaches the next time I go down the street.”

The father wasn’t very happy with this answer. He said, “It is right to think of having something for yourself, but you have acted in a way that I am afraid will make you selfish and greedy (自私和贪婪).

The third son said, “I did not eat my peach. I gave it to the little sick boy who lives next door. The doctor said peaches would do him good, but his mother is too poor to buy any for him.” His father thought that was the best use of his peach.

1．What did the eldest son think of his peach?

A．It was big. B．It tasted good. C．It was fresh. D．It looked beautiful.

2．What did the second son do with his peach?

A．He ate it. B．He sold it.

C．He gave it to his mother. D．He traded it for something else.

3．Who was thought to make the best use of his peach?

A．The eldest son. B．The second son. C．The third son. D．The youngest son.

Passage 2

Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. At night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in (入睡).

If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to displease people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself.

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions, but you don’t raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.

If you curl up (蜷缩) when sleeping, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.

If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes other people rather angry.

4．You may find the passage in ________.

A．a science magazine B．a guidebook

C．a sports newspaper D．a storybook

5．When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?

A．In the daytime. B．At the beginning of sleep.

C．At night. D．During the deep sleep.

6．Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep ________.

A．curled up B．on her stomach

C．on her back D．on her side

7．What does the underlined word “defensive” mean in the passage?

A．易怒的 B．攻击性的 C．外向的 D．有戒心的

8．What does the passage tell us?

A．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.

B．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.

C．Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.

D．Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.

Passage 3

Skateboarding makes me feel free, like I’m flying. When I’m in the air, it feels like I can do anything. I started skating when I was two or three, same with surfing. My dad built a mini-ramp in our backyard. He would skate every day after surfing. I would steal his board and play with it.

If I saw my dad doing a cool trick, I’d think “I want to try that.” I’d look it upon Youku and try to learn it. Now I just learn from my friends. It’s nice to skate with your friends because you can teach each other things. I never really thought, “I’m going to get so good at this.” I just got better and better and it happened naturally when I was seven. I’m 12 now.

It’s a great feeling, getting a new trick especially if it’s taken a long time to learn. You try it a thousand times and then one day, you finally land it. That’s the feeling I want. It’s what makes me keep trying new things. When I was eight, I became the first female skater to land a frontside 540.

Sometimes doing a trick can be scary. But I feel like that falling is just part of skateboarding. I like inspiring other girls to do what they want to do. I don’t want girls to think that boys can do things that they can’t. I want girls to think, “I can do it, because I’m a girl. If I can do it, so can they.”

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

9．How does skateboarding make the author feel?A．She is frightened. B．She has the feeling of freedom.

C．She feels nervous. D．Her mind is focused.

10．How did the author learn tricks at first?

A．She asked her father for help.

B．She learned the tricks from her friends.

C．She watched videos on the Internet.

D．She practiced her tricks while surfing.

11．What makes the author keep trying new things?

A．Help from friends. B．Father’s support.

C．Skills from a training course. D．The feeling of success.

12．Which of the following words best describe the writer?

A．Talented and quiet. B．Outgoing and talkative.

C．Brave and strong-minded. D．Caring and warm -hearted.

13．What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Sky high. B．Doing a trick is scary.

C．A professional skater. D．How to be brave.

Passage 4

If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter（脑灰质）. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.

Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.

“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible（灵活的）,” he said, “You are actually going beyond（超出） language and have a better understanding of different ideas."

The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.

14．If people learn other languages, what will be changed?

A．white matter B．grey matter C．exercise D．muscles

15．What does the underlined word “bilingual” probably mean in Chinese?

A．双语学习者 B．词汇学 C．口语交际 D．实用语法

16．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．Leaning other languages can make you become smarter.

B．A second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.

C．Learning other languages can change grey matter which processes information.

D．Grey matter density in the brain was worse in bilinguals than that in people without a second language.

17．In the last two paragraphs, the writer wants to tell us that ________.

A．Italian is the best choice for you to learn as a second language

B．learning a second language is the same as studying math

C．early learning of a second language helps you a lot in studying other subjects

D．you’d better choose the ages between two and thirty-four to learn a second language

Passage 5

Anger (愤怒) often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your child’s anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.” It’s moments like those that plant the seeds (种子) of unhealthy anger. The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids.

If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening.

The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids.

Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad.

We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control.

Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.

18．Why do parents tell children not to cry?

A．To relieve their anger.

B．To make them uncomfortable.

C．To encourage them to stop crying.

D．To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger.

19．What can we know according to paragraph 2?

A．Parents have a great influence on their children.

B．Parents should get angry with their children.

C．Expressing anger loudly is good for children.

D．Children must express their anger like their parents.

20．What should parents do to set a good example for children?

A．Stop them from expressing their anger.

B．Raise them in a safe environment.

C．Let them know they are right or wrong.

D．Express their own anger in a healthy way.

21．What does the writer think of anger?

A．It’s impossible for us to control it. B．It’s a common feeling.

C．It’s harmful to our health. D．It often makes us embarrassed.

22．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text?

A．To tell us how to teach kids.

B．To show us how to control anger.

C．To introduce the dangers of anger.

D．To lead parents to create healthy anger in our kids.

参考答案：

1．B

2．B

3．C

【解析】

本文是寓言故事，讲述了四个孩子吃桃子的故事，告诫人们不要自私贪婪，说明了要物尽其用的道理。

1．

推理判断题。根据第三段“I ate mine, and found it very sweet and juicy”，可知很好吃，故选B。

2．

细节理解题。根据第七段“Then I sold my peach for enough to buy three peaches the next time I go down the street”，可知他把自己的桃子卖了以便下次上街可以换东西，故选B。

3．

细节理解题。根据最后“His father thought that was the best use of his peach”，可知三儿子最能利用他的桃子，故选C。

4．A

5．B

6．B

7．D

8．C

【解析】

每个人都有双重性格——一种是向外界展示的性格，另一种是真实却深藏不露的性格。在你清醒的时候，你不会表露出你秘密的个性，因为你能控制自己的行为；可在你入睡的时候，你睡觉的姿势会展示真实的你。不同的睡姿代表什么样的性格呢？短文中进行了详细的介绍。

4．

推理判断题。根据文意和短文开头“Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.”可知，这篇短文介绍了不同的睡姿所代表的性格，这样的文章应该可以在科学杂志上看到。故选A。

5．

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in”可知，重要的是你入睡时的姿势。故选B。

6．

细节理解题。根据第三段“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person.”可知，俯卧而睡的人比较含蓄，不外露自己的情感。故选B。

7．

词义猜测题。根据语境“If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.”可知，蜷缩着睡觉的人对自己的评价很低，比较害羞，不喜欢与人交往，更喜欢独处，容易受伤。因此D选项“有戒心的”符合这一语境。故选D。

8．

主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段“when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you”可知，这篇文章介绍了睡觉姿势代表的性格。故选C。

9．B

10．C

11．D

12．C

13．A

【解析】

本文介绍了作者喜欢的一项滑板运动，以及作者不断挑战自我，突破自我的过程。

9．

细节理解题。根据“Skateboarding makes me feel free, like I’m flying.”可知，她有自由的感觉。故选B。

10．

细节理解题。根据“I’d look it upon Youku and try to learn it.”可知，刚开始作者是通过看视频学习技巧的。故选C。

11．

推理判断题。根据“You try it a thousand times and then one day, you finally land it. That’s the feeling I want. It’s what makes me keep trying new things.”可以推出，成功的感觉会使作者不断尝试新的东西。故选D。

12．

推理判断题。根据“Sometimes doing a trick can be scary. But I feel like that falling is just part of skateboarding.”及短文内容可推知，作者是一个勇敢且意志力坚强的人。故选C。

13．

最佳标题。本文主要介绍了作者喜欢的一项滑板运动，以及作者不断挑战自我，突破自我的过程，故A选项符合题意。

14．B

15．A

16．D

17．C

【解析】

短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力，早期学习第二语言也可以对你学习其他科目有帮助。

14．

细节理解题。根据“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质，故选B。

15．

词义猜测题。根据“They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five”可知，与一组很早就学会了第二语言的进行了比较，这些人不但会英语，还会其他语言，所以可推断出bilinguals表示“双语学习者”，故选A。

16．

推理判断题。根据“Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language”可知，双语者的大脑灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高，D表述错误，故选D。

17．

主旨大意题。根据“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better”及全段的内容，可知，作者通过最后两段想告诉我们，早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助，故选C。

18．A

19．A

20．D

21．B

22．D

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”，想要让孩子形成良性的愤怒情绪，父母自己应该率先实践。

18．

细节理解题。根据“In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.””可知是为了缓解孩子的愤怒，故选A。

19．

推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，如果孩子从来没有看到父母表达愤怒，他们也不会表达出愤怒的情绪，但如果父母总是大声地表达他们的愤怒，他们的孩子可能会开始认为愤怒是一种总令人害怕的东西。因此可以推断父母对孩子有很大的影响，故选A。

20．

细节理解题。根据“Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids.”可知，父母应该以健康的方式表达自己的愤怒，为孩子树立一个好榜样。故选D。

21．

细节理解题。根据“Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.”可知作者认为愤怒是普遍的。故选B。

22．

主旨大意题。根据“However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了父母对孩子的影响很大，因此应该为孩子树立一个良好的榜样，为孩子创造一种健康良性的愤怒。故选D。