备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 25 阅读主旨大意题

一、考点总结

考点一、题型特点

该类题型在中考中一般一篇文章会有1—2题，主旨大意题不一定很直接的询问文章主旨大意是什么，可能会让学生总结标题，也可能会总结段落大意。主旨大意题考查学生对全文脉络的综合判断。要求学生不仅要看得懂文章，而且要具备一定的总结和概括能力。

考点二、解题技巧

方法1：主题句定主旨

获取文章/段落主旨的有效方法之一是找出主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文/段的作用，文/段中的所有事实、细节都是为其服务的。主题句在文/段中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾或者以首尾呼应的形式出现。因此，仔细阅读文章或段落的首尾句是关键。

找主题句小窍门：

1. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的是回答很可能就是文章主题句；首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主题句；

2. 若文章中间前后段意思有转折时，应提高警惕，主题句很可能在转折段；若段中上下句意思有转折时，出现转折的句子很可能就是本段的主题句；

3. 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；

4. 段落中某句出现表转折、总结或因果的标志性词语（如however, thus, in fact, actually, on the whole, in short, therefore）时，该句很可能是主题句。

方法2：高频词定主旨

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。作者会有意识地对文章的主题反复论述，所以文中反复出现的中心词，即高频词，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。抓住了关键词，再分析各选项，就能很容易地抓住文章的主旨。

方法3：文章结构定主旨

对于结构比较明显的文章，利用文章结构来判断文章主旨可以事半功倍。不同文章因其写作方法的多样性会呈现不同的行文结构。以下是阅读中常见的文章结构以及这类文章的主旨所在：

结构 主旨

论点——论据——论点 围绕论点展开，论点即主旨

提出问题——分析问题——解决问题 围绕问题展开，问题即主旨

总——分——总 总述的内容是文章的主旨

总——分 

分——总 

方法4：串线法定主旨

串线法定主旨适用于各段中心明确且段落不是太多的文章。中考的文章一般不超过6段，非常适合使用串线法。此方法步骤如下：

第一步：精读首尾段和每段的段首尾句；

第二步：注意每段的句意转折与总结处；

第三步：总结概括各段意思并将其串成一个整体，勾勒出文章结构，抓出重复强调的信息。

第四步：将文章总段落数/2，大于这个数值的整数段落数所讲述的内容就是文章的主题。二、考点突破

Passage 1

The Internet, mobile phones and Ipads are part of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans.

We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly.

Global Positioning System (GPS) (全球定位系统)

It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact (精确地) information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. It’s made up of three parts: satellites, control equipment (设备) on land and receivers.

Space Technology

Russian and American scientists have worked together for the International Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space.

Underwater Robot

Hercules is a kind of Underwater Robot with some high technology equipment. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago.

The world is changing so quickly that it’s hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the time.

1．________ can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly.

A．Satellites B．Receivers

C．Global Positioning System D．Underwater Robot

2．According to the passage, which is NOT true about the ISS?

A．It has carried people to other planets.

B．It will provide a long-lasting lab for us.

C．Russian and American are working for it.

D．Humans will get a lot of advantages from it.

3．Hercules is used to ________.

A．save lives in the sea B．take picture in the sea

C．repair the broken ships D．look for the ancient ships in the sea

4．From the passage, we know that ________.

A．the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditions

B．it’s very important for us to learn about new technology

C．it’s easy for us to catch up with all the new inventions

D．technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans

Passage 2

From tiny seeds, great discoveries grow. A mini—garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.

This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. On January 3, the probe became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.

Part of Chang’e 4’s mission is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang’e 4 carried a mini—garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon’s gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth’s, so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.

Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; Sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can’t stand the cold (it can drop to —170℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.

5．The text is mainly about ________.

A．another success for Chang’e 4 B．Chang’e 4 moon lander

C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment

6．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang’e 4?

A．It landed on the near side of the moon. B．It carried a mini—garden.

C．It found plants on the moon. D．It explored the moon base.

7．From the text we can know that ________

A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight

B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth

C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth’s gravity

D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon

8．What can we infer from the text?

A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon.  B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.

C．The cotton shoots can last 4 days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.

Passage 3

Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software（软件）which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways. Although the program isn’t the most convenient one you’ve ever used, it can help improve your Chinese vocabulary.

The program’s interface（界面）isn’t very attractive so many people don’t like it when they first see it. Also, it can sometimes be hard to operate（操作）. Each function（功能）holds a window, but if you close the window, it will take you back to the main menu or close the program. But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it. Users can read a word or phrase（词组）in English and then click（点击）on the matching word in Chinese, hear the Chinese word spoken and choose the matching English word, or see the English word written and then type（打字）the Chinese word. The program allows users to practice not only their vocabulary, but also their reading, listening and spelling skills. Once users know a word, they can save it so that it stops appearing in the exercises. The program also allows users to practice vocabulary by seeing the English and Chinese words and hearing the Chinese spoken. The “Help” provides good instructions for users to use. Nothing is perfect. Word Banker English-Chinese has many advantages and certain disadvantages as well. We can use it according to our needs.

9．Who will be interested in Word Banker English-Chinese?

A．Native English speakers who want to learn Chinese.

B．Native English speakers who want to improve their English.

C．Native Chinese speakers who want to improve their Chinese.

D．Native Chinese speakers who want to learn English.

10．Which is a disadvantage of the program?

A．It’s hard to use sometimes.

B．Users can only practice vocabulary and reading.

C．There are few useful exercises for users to practice.

D．There are no instructions in the program.

11．The underlined word “attractive” means “________” in Chinese.

A．吸引人的 B．流行的 C．干净的 D．便宜的

12．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．How to learn English. B．What Word Banker English-Chinese is

C．How to learn Chinese. D．What we can get from the program

13．The purpose of the article is to ________.

A．introduce a software B．stop people from using a software

C．ask users for help D．announce the close of a program

Passage 4

During a visit to Mexico in 1519, Herman Cortes, a Spaniard, was given a drink called xocoatl. It was made from cocoa beans and was very bitter. He liked the drink and took some of the beans back to Spain where the drink soon became popular. The Spanish, however, added sugar to make it sweet, and they drank it hot.

A hundred years came and went before it was introduced to France. Then in 1657, a Frenchman opened a store in London and began selling chocolate. It was very expensive, but soon chocolate houses were opened in many large European cities. They were places where people could meet to drink chocolate together and talk.

In 1900, the English started putting milk in their chocolates is Milton Hershey. Hershey was born in 1857, and as a young man, he became interested in making chocolate. In the early 1900s, he started a chocolate-making company, which grew very quickly because his chocolate was so delicious. Nowadays, Hershey chocolate is sold all over the world, and many people think it was Milton Hershey who was instrumental in making chocolate so popular.

14．What does the underlined word “bitter” mean in Chinese?

A．贵的 B．苦的 C．便宜的 D．酸的

15．The Englishman, Milton Hershey started putting milk in their chocolates ________.

A．in 1519 B．in 1657 C．in 1857 D．in 1900

16．Which one is right about chocolate houses?

A．Stores that sold soft drinks.

B．companies that sold chocolate.

C．Where the chocolate was produced.

D．Places people met and drank chocolate.

17．What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．The chocolate houses. B．A Spanish food.

C．The history of chocolate. D．A Mexican drink.

Passage 5

I’ve heard of many complaints from both parents and children, such as “My mother is so overpowering that she doesn’t understand me.” and “Why isn’t she as respectful as she used to be?” Generation gap means misunderstanding between parents and children.

What are the reasons behind the generation gap? First, children find they have grown up, so they don’t want to depend on their parents any more. The desire to prove themselves capable of making decisions by themselves makes them disobey what parents said. Second, a generation creates their own language and fashion, which differs itself from other generations. The feeling with their peers（同龄人）is different from that with their parents as if the two generations were from different worlds. For example, parents don’t understand why their children like Jay Chou so much, who is the star of young people’s world.

How to bridge the generation gap? Communication!

Communication improves the understanding between children and parents. For example, children should be always willing to share everything in their life. On the other hand, parents should show their understanding and care about them. It is not hard to bridge the gap, because the love between parents and children is the greatest in the world.

18．Who often complain according to the first paragraph?

A．Children. B．Mothers. C．Parents.  D．Both parents and children.

19．“Generation gap” means ________ between parents and children.

A．mistake B．misunderstanding C．disagreement D．dislike

20．The second paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A．the language and fashion a generation has created

B．what children want to prove to their parents

C．the reasons behind the generation gap

D．who is the star of young people’s world

21．The way to bridge the generation gap is ________.

A．laughing B．quarreling C．never speaking D．communicating

参考答案：

1．C

2．A

3．D

4．B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们，现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步。

1.细节理解题。根据第三段“It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions”可知，GPS全球定位系统能在任何天气条件下告诉你使用者的确切位置。故选C。

2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space”可知，人们希望ISS能把人们带到太空的新家，而不是已经把人们带到了其他星球上。It has carried people to other planets“它把人们带到了其他星球”说法错误，故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段“It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago”可知，Hercules是一种水下机器人，用来搜寻海中的沉船。look for the ancient ships in the sea“在海里寻找远古的船只”符合题意，故选D。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives”，可知短文告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步，所以对于我们来说学新科技是非常重要的。it’s very important for us to learn about new technology“学习新科技的重要性”符合文意，故选B。

5．A

6．B

7．D

8．D

【解析】

文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个有空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。

5．

主旨大意题。根据“This is yet another success for Chang’e 4.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。

6．

推理判断题。根据“A mini—garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.”可知，中国嫦娥四号月球着陆器携带的一个迷你花园成为了在另一个世界生长的第一株植物的家园。故选B。

7．

推理判断题。根据“Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.”嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗？着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。由此可知，地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选D。

8．

推理判断题。根据“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; Sunlight will not return until the start of February.”可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。

9．A

10．A

11．A

12．D

13．A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款有关英汉词典的软件。

9．

推理判断题。根据文中“it can help improve your Chinese vocabulary”可推理出，它适合想要学汉语的人，即母语为英语并且想学汉语的人。故选A。

10．

细节理解题。根据文中“it can sometimes be hard to operate（操作）”可知，这个软件的缺点是有时候很难用。故选A。

11．

词句猜测题。根据后句“so many people don’t like it when they first see it”可知，很多人第一次看的时候都不喜欢，所以下划线单词“attractive”的汉语意思应是“吸引人的”。故选A。

12．

主旨大意题。根据第二段“But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it.”可知，本段主要讲了我们能从这个软件中得到什么。故选D。

13．

主旨大意题。根据文中“Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software（软件）which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一款软件。故选A。

14．B

15．D

16．D

17．C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲解了巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，并在文末介绍了好时巧克力的由来。

14．

词义猜测题。根据后文“The Spanish, however, added sugar to make it sweet, and they drank it hot.”可知，西班牙人加糖在巧克力中可知原来的巧克力应是苦的，故选B。

15．

细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 1900, the English started putting milk in their chocolates is Milton Hershey. ”可知，Hershey在1900年在巧克力中放牛奶，故选D。

16．

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They were places where people could meet to drink chocolate together and talk.”可知“chocolate houses”指的是人们可以喝咖啡和聊天的地方，故选D。

17．

主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，即巧克力的发展史，故选C。

18．D

19．B

20．C

21．D

【解析】

本文主要阐述了父母和孩子之间如何交流沟通以消除代沟问题。

18．

细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“I’ve heard of many complaints from both parents and children”可知，父母和孩子都抱怨。故选D。

19．

词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Generation gap means misunderstanding between parents and children.”可知，代沟的含义是指在父母与孩子之间存在“误解”。故选B。

20．

主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“What are the reasons behind the generation gap?”及下文内容可知，这是本段的主题句，下面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，所以第二段主要告诉我们产生代沟的原因。故选C。

21．

细节理解题。根据第三段“How to bridge the generation gap? Communication!”可知，消除代沟的方法是“交流”。故选D。