备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 24 阅读细节理解题

一、考点总结

考点一、题型特点

该类题型在中考中所占比例较大，一般一篇文章会有3—4个细节理解题，细节理解题通常是提问文章中出现的某个细节点，选项大多数情况下会对原文的细节点范围进行扩大和缩小，甚至是错误的表述。

考点二、解题技巧

关于题干

 细节理解题一般会在文章当中出现三到四个题，位置不固定。

 细节理解题常考点：

1. 列举信息处：当文章中出现了first, second, at last, in addition, on one hand, to begin with等表示列举的信息的连词或词组时，此处为常考点。

2. 举例与打比方处：当文章中出现可以引出例子的标志词，如as, such as, for example, for instance等表示举例的词或词组时，表明作者是在对自己举出的观点进行进一步的论述，此处为常考点。

3. 指示代词出现处：英语文章凡是前文出现过的内容如果会二次出现，一般都会出现代词进行指代，这个地方就变成了常考点。

4. 引用人物论断处：有时候为使文章更有说服力，作者会引用别人的观点来佐证作者的观点，这个地方就变成常考点。

5. 特殊标点符号处：英语阅读中我们不常见分号，破折号，问号，冒号，这些标点符号后自然就会变成常考点。

关于选项

 细节理解题的选项一般极具干扰性，这种干扰性表现在选项几乎和原文一模一样，就是多一个词少一个词，甚至就是某一个词不同。这是细节理解题的惯用考点。

 多词少词：细节理解题更多时候是在对选项中的名词进行考察，而名词都是对客观事物的高度概括，如果我们在名词前添加形容词、不定代词，那么名词的范围就会被扩大或缩小，因此当我们看到名词前突然多了一个形容词、不定代词的时候一定要小心谨慎，因为这个时候名词的范围可能被扩大也可能被缩小了。

  如：books 一些书；more books 更多书（范围扩大）

   reason 原因；mainly reason 主要原因（范围缩小）

高度概括：通常干扰选项正好就是原文信息，但不符合题目要求；有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容；有的与原句内容极为相似，只是程度上有些变动；有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；有的部分正确或部分错误。

常见的提问形式：

①Which of the following cannot you learn in Anglia Summer Camp?

②Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

③Why did Calvin Coolidge live at the Willard Hotel in those days?

④Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?

⑤According to George, reading aloud to children______.

二、考点突破

Passage 1

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子的正误。正确的写”A”，错误的写”B”。

School bullying（欺凌）has become a serious problem in our society. Luckily, dealing with bullyings is not as hard as you think.

The first step is to understand them. Most bullies make others feel bad so they feel better about themselves. Their main goal is to make you upset so they feel in control. The best way to deal with this is to avoid them. If they come up to you, just walk away.

When it is impossible to avoid bullies, you will have to take a further step. Bullies prefer to aim at kids who they think are vulnerable. So behave bravely and confidently when a bully picks on you or someone else.

If they still picks on you, the next step is to report the bullies to a teacher. Bullies have been around for a long time, so experienced teachers will know how to deal with them.

Bullies can give you a big trouble. However, if you act quickly, you can almost always keep them from troubling you. Just remember to never get into a fight with a bully. Fighting always makes the situation worse. Be smart when dealing with bullies, so you could survive（生存）without getting hurt!

1．Bullies feel better about themselves when they control others.

2．The underlined word “vulnerable” means “patient’’ in the article.

3．If you are bullied, try to deal with it by yourself before turning to teachers.

4．The writer thinks fighting against bullies is not a good way to solve the problem.

5．There are three ways mentioned to deal with bullies in the article.

Passage 2

读下面的文章，然后判断文章后面1~4的问题，正确的答案写T，错误的答案写F。把答案涂在答题卡1~4小题的后面。

This famous poem, with four couplets (对句), was written by Du Fu (712—770), Tang Dynasty.when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful for nature. The very first word, “Good”, shows the poet’s joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the proper time to come. Here the poet uses personification (拟人化), as if the rain were smart enough to come in time for the farmer’s busy season.

When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes is task without being known.

In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It’s a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.

Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom (盛开) after the rain.

6．The Chinese title of the poem is “Ye Yu. Ji Bei”.

7．The rhyme (韵律) for thus poem is ab—ab—cd—cd.

8．The word “quiet” can be used to describe the rain in thus poem.

9．Xu Yuanchong wanted to show that he’s thankful for nature in this poem.

Passage 3

More and more young Chinese begin to celebrate Father’s Day. They send fathers presents, or invite them for a nice dinner. But do you know how Father’s Day started?

While Mrs. Dodd, from America, was listening to a talk about Mother’s Day in a church in 1909, she had an idea of having Father’s Day to honor (纪念) her father, William Smart. Mr. Smart used to be a soldier. His wife died when she gave birth to her sixth child. Mr. Smart had to raise his six children alone. They lived a hard life, After Mrs. Dodd grew up, she wanted to thank her father for what he had done for them. She wrote a letter to a church and asked for the third Sunday in June to be Father’s Day. The church agreed with her.

The first Father’s Day was celebrated on June 19th, 1910 in Washington. Children made special desserts, and did other things to make their fathers happy. In 1924, President (总统) Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a national Father’s Day. People all over the country began to celebrate Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson made the third Sunday in June Father’s Day.

根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。

10．People never celebrated Father’s Day in China.

11．Mrs. Dodd is the wife of Mr. Smart.

12．The Father’s Day was first celebrated on June 19th, 1910 in Washington.

13．The church agreed with Mrs. Dodd about her idea of having Father’s Day.

14．In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge made the third Sunday in June Father’s Day.

Passage 4

根据短文内容，判断正误（正确 “T”，错误 “F”），并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。

What is the world’s highest waterfall (瀑布)? Who is the oldest man in the world? To find out the answers, you can open Guinness Book of World Records (《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》). Guinness World Records (GWR) began to record the finest human achievements in 1954.

The main purpose of GWR was to solve arguments. “Many people will argue about things like ‘who is the tallest man’ or ‘who runs the fastest’,” HuffPost said. “Sometimes an argument, no matter how small the topic is, can lead to a fight, and that’s what Guinness was for.” Knowing “the biggest, the smallest, the fastest, the most and the least” also helps us understand our own position in the world.

However, GWR is about more than just amazing facts. Setting world records can make people feel satisfied. GWR can help people test their own limits (极限) and achieve something great.

More Chinese are taking on Guinness challenges now. Guinness World Records has even made a special set of records just for China. It is called China Pride. For example, the Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular dictionary in the world. Chinese artist Zheng Chunhui made the world’s longest wood carving (木雕). It’s 12.286 meters long.

How to apply for (申请) a world record? If you want to apply for a world record, first you should go to the official Guinness World Records website and complete an application form (申请表). Next, get an idea of the things you need to provide. For example, if you want to set the “longest marathon” record, you need to film your whole run. Then, hand in the things online. The GWR team will assess (评估) it. If you’re successful, you will get a certificate (证书) and become a record holder!

15．To solve some arguments is the main purpose of GWR.

16．GWR is just about amazing facts.

17．The world’s longest wood carving is 12.268 meters long.

18．If you apply for a world record, you should hand in something online.

19．The passage mainly tells us something about GWR.

Passage 5

根据短文内容，判断正误（正确“T”，错误“F”），并将答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。

Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, known as “Father of Hybrid Rice” (杂交水稻之父), passed away in Changsha on May 22, 2021. Chinese people expressed their sadness at the death of the great man.

Although he was one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considered himself as a farmer. Yuan’s lifelong dedication (贡献) to solving the problem of hunger made him a national hero in China. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan graduated (毕业) from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice had been his life goals. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output (产量). At that time, hunger was a big problem in many parts of the country. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice output without expanding (扩大) the area of the fields.

Having spent over fifty years on hybrid rice research, Yuan had helped China work a great wonder—feeding nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than nine percent of the world’s total land. More than 820 million people were hungry in 2018, according to a UN report. Since the 1980s, Yuan’s team has offered training courses to many countries in Africa.

Yuan said he had two dreams—to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food scarcity (全球粮食短缺). Thanks to Yuan Longping, China was able to stop hunger. We can’t imagine what our life would be like without his efforts.

20．Yuan Longping is famous as “Father of Hybrid Rice”.

21．Yuan Longping passed away at the age of 91.

22．Yuan Longping found a way to increase rice output by expanding the area of the fields.

23．It took Yuan Longping fifty years to do hybrid rice research.