译林版八年级下册Unit 2 Travelling 知识点梳理学案
展开译林版八年级下册Unit 2 Travelling 知识点梳理
1、现在进行时表示将来的动作
- 英语中，表示“位置移动”的动词（又叫“趋向动词”）常用现在进行时表示将来，这类动词主要有go，come，leave，move，fly，drive，die等。
Eg:①- Hey, Eddie．Where are you going? 嘿，埃迪。你要去哪儿？
- I'm going to South Hill for my holiday．我要去南山度假。
②- Come here，Eddie．埃迪，过来一下。
- I'm coming，Hobo.我就来，霍波。
③Mr Green is flying to Nanjing tomorrow.格林先生明天将飞往南京。
2、have／has been in与have／has been to与have／has gone to的区别
- (1) have/has been in后面跟地点名词，意为“在某地已经多长时间了”，通常和表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
Eg:She has been in Beijing for 2 weeks.她在北京两周了。
- (2) have been to后面跟名词地点，表示“已经去过了某处（但现在已不在某处）”。通常与表示次数词、ever、never等连用。
Eg:I have been to Shanghai twice.我已去上海两次了。
- (3) have／has gone to后面跟地点名词，表示”某人去了某地”，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。
Eg:- Where is Kate? 凯特在哪儿？
- She has gone to the library.她去图书馆了。
3、take与bring的区别
(1)take意为“带走，拿走”。
- take sth. with sb.意为“把某物带在某人身边”，指从说话人处带到别处去。
You'd better take the umbrella with you.你最好把伞带在身边。
(2) bring意为“带来，拿来”。
- bring sth. to sb.意为“把某物带到某人身边”，不同的是它指从别处带到说话人处，也可以指把某物带到说话双方都要去的地方。
Please bring your homework to school tomorrow.请明天把家庭作业带到学校来。
4、 I don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我认为它对我来说不是一个假日。
- 否定前移：将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式为否定前移。
Eg:I don't think you are right．我认为你并不是对的。
5、英语中人称的顺序
- My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days.这句中的“My parents and I”不能改为I and my parents，因为英语中人称的顺序与汉语不同，单数人称的顺序是：第二人称、第三人称、第一人称；复数人称的顺序是：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。
Eg:Tom and I are good friends.汤姆和我是好朋友。
We,you and they are all good students.我们、你们和他们都是好学生。
- [知识拓展]在接受批评、承认错误时都按第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的顺序。
6、speed的用法
speed n.速度
- at a speed of…，意为“以……的速度”。
- at high speed意为“以很快的速度，高速”，其反义短语是at low speed。
Eg:The train flashed by at high speed.火车疾驰而过。
7、through，past和across的区别
- through指从物体内部穿过
- past指从某人或某物旁边经过
- across指从某物的表面穿过。
Eg:He climbed into his room through the window. 他从窗户爬进了他的房间。（从窗户内部穿过）
He went past our classroom.他经过教室。（从教室旁边经过）
He walked across street.他横穿过街道。（从街道的表面经过）
8、such as与for example的区别
- such as例如，比如，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个，不全部列出，一般放在被列举人或事物与前面的名词之间，与所举例子之间不用逗号隔开。可和and so on连用，可以like互换。
- for example例如，强调举例说明。一般只列举同类人或事物中的一个例子，与所举例子之间用逗号隔开，可放在句首或句末，也可以作为插入语放在句中，不影响句子成分之间的关系。
Eg:A lot of people here, for example, Mr John, has lived here for many years.这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，已经在这儿居住多年了。
The farmer grows different kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn and rice.这个农民种植各种各样的庄稼，例如小麦、玉米和水稻。
9、stop doing sth．与stop to do sth
- stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。
- stop to do sth.意为“停下来开始做某事”。
Eg:He stopped to have a rest after too much work.他在太多的工作之后，停下来休息了一下。
We stopped talking when Mr Lee came in.当李老师进来，我们停止讲话。
10、短暂性动词转换成延续性动词
- 根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
- 表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫作延续性动词，也叫持续性动词，如：be，keep，have，like，study，live等。
- 表示短暂的、瞬间性动作的动词，叫作短暂性动词，又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词，如：die，join，leave，become，return，reach等。短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。
- 短暂性动词要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
- 常见的短暂性动词及其对应的延续性动词（现在完成时）有：
buy→have／has had borrow→have/has kept
arrive→have／has been in/at leave→have,/has been away
join-→have/has been in/have／has been a member of
die→have/has been dead get married→have／has been married
come/go→have／has been in/at begin/start→have/has been on
stop→have/has been over lose→have／has been lost
close→have/has been closed open→have/has been open
10、ago，since和for
ago“……以前”，常用于一般过去时。
since“自从……以来，自从……以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况：
- ①since＋过去的时间点
②since＋时间段＋ago
③since＋从句（一般过去时）
Eg:I have taught here since five years ago. 自从五年前我就在这儿教书了。
He has been ill since yesterday.他昨天开始就已经病了。
Mary has lived here since I moved here. 自从Mary搬到这儿，她就一直住在这里。
- for后接表示时间段的短语，注意：for+一段时间不一定是现在完成时
Eg：We have learned English for about ten years.我们学英语大约有十年了。
I studied in Wuxi for 4 years,and now I work in Beijing.我在无锡学习四年，现在在北京工作。
11、fun的用法
(1) fun为不可数名词
- make fun of嘲弄……，取笑
have fun （doing）玩得开心、过得愉快
What fun!好有趣！真愉快！
for fun开玩笑，为了乐趣
It's fun to do 做某事是有乐趣的
(2) funny形容词，意为“奇怪的，滑稽的”。
a funny story滑稽的故事 a funny man.引人发笑的人；喜剧演员
12、the best time to do sth. 做某事的最好时间
a good time to do 做某事的好时机
Eg: Summer days are the best time to swim. 夏天是游泳最好的时间。
It is time for sb. to do sth. 该是某人做……的时间了
13、 way的相关短语
by the way意为“顺便问，顺便说”。
on the way意为“在途中，在路上”
on the way to在去……途中
in the way意为“以……方式；挡道，妨碍某人”。
14、finally，in the end与at last
finally既可指位置的先后顺序（相当于at last和in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序。
at last只能指经过一段时间后形成的结果，而不能指时间顺序，在语义上指经过周折、等待、耽搁后的“最后，终于”得到所期待的结果。
in the end表示结局，有时可与at last换用，但in the end也可以用于表示将来，其余两个则不行。
15、arrive in/at，get to和reach
- arrive at后面一般接小地点，如village，town，school，airport等；
arrive in后面一般接大地点，如city，country等；
get to和reach后面既可接小地点又可接大地点。
- 当到达的地点为副词here，there或home时，前面不能有介词。
- 到达的地点在句中没有出现时，只能用arrive。
Eg:When he arrived,we were watching TV.当他到达时，我们在看电视。
随堂练习
一、单选选择
- I want you to _______ the umbrella with you when you go to school but remember to_______it
back when you come back from school.
- take ;bring B. bring ; take
C. take ; take D. bring ; bring
2. —Yunnan is very beautiful. I ________ there last year. —Yes, I _______ there twice.
A. went; have gone B. went; have been
C. have gone; went D. have been; went
3. —Where’s your father? —He _________to Changsha.
A. have been B. has gone
C. has been D. have gone
4. Jack ________school two years ago and he __________for two years.
A. left; has gone B. left; has been away
C. has left, has been away D. has left; has gone
5. Simon __________the Reading Club since last year.
A. has joined B. joined
C. has been to D. has been in
6. ______ ,how will you spend your summer holiday? I don’t know. I haven’t planned yet.
A. By the way B. On the way
C. In a way D. In some ways
7.The parade was really wonderful and I couldn’t__________ photos.
A. stop taking B. stop to take
C. to stop taking D. to stop to take
8. Dad bought many school things for me, ___________pens, pencils and rulers.
A. likes B. for example
C. such as D. as
9. Kitty and her parents ________ Hong Kong since last week.
A. has been in B. have come to
C. have been in D. has stayed in
10.My uncle has taught in this school _______ he was twenty years old.
A. for B. since C. until D. after
