(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修一 Unit 4 Body Language (含解析)

　UNIT 4　Body Language

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

Hand gestures are a quick and quiet way for people of all cultures to express, both negatively and positively, a particular feeling or word. Every culture has 1. ________ (it) own gestures, and they do not always mean the same things universally.

2. ________ (make) the “OK” gesture with the thumb and index finger is a positive hand gesture in the United States. It 3. ________ (make) by touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger. 4. ________ other three fingers are extended above the thumb and index finger. However, this hand gesture is considered insulting in France and Latin America.

The “victory” hand gesture is made by bending the third and 5. ________ (four) fingers to touch the tip of the thumb and extending the index and middle finger upward, 6. ________ (separate) them by about an inch to form the letter V. Facing the palm outward to the person 7. ________ (finish) the victory gesture. The Allied leaders used it to show the symbol of victory during World War Ⅱ.

The thumbs­up hand gesture is made by extending your thumb into the air while curling the other four fingers inward. The meaning behind this gesture, 8. ________ least in Western cultures, is “well done”. 9. ________， in such places as Latin America, Sardinia, Greece, and southern Italy, the gesture has the opposite 10. ________ (mean). In these places, this gesture is viewed as negative and insulting.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种肢体语言以及它们的不同含义。

1. its　考查代词。所填的词修饰名词，所以用形容词性的物主代词。

2. Making　考查非谓语动词。所填的词作主语，所以用动词­ing形式。

3. is made　考查时态和语态。make和it为动宾关系，文章的时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。

4. The　考查冠词。此处表示“其他的”，所以填The。

5. fourth　考查序数词。根据前面的third可知，所填的词也要用序数词。

6. separating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所以填动词作伴随状语，所以用动词­ing形式。

7. finishes　考查主谓一致。句子的主语是非谓语动词短语，属于第三人称单数形式，所以填finishes。

8. at　考查固定搭配。at least意为“至少”，是固定搭配。

9. However　考查副词。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，所以用However。

10. meaning　考查名词。所填的词作宾语，所以用名词形式，所以填meaning。

B

Face changing is used 1. ________(express) the changing emotions of characters in Sichuan Opera.

China has an abundance of 1,300 local operas. Sichuan Opera is one of the 2. ________ (old) local operas and is the most important and most interesting opera form from Southwestern China.

The opera is characterised by its 3. ________ (fun) comedians and unique skills:  face changing, spitting fire and rolling light.

Face changing is an important intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. So far, only a few masters 4. ________ (grasp) this skill. They know 5. ________ to change Sichuan Opera masks in a flash. As they wave their arms and twist their heads, their painted masks change again and again.

Face changing got its start 300 years ago. In 6. ________ beginning, opera masters changed the colour of their face during performances by 7. ________ (blow) into a bowl of red, black or gold powder. The powder would stick to their oiled skin 8. ________ (quick).

By the 1920s, opera masters began using layers of masks 9. ________ (make) of oiled paper. The masters could peel one after another almost immediately. At present the masters use painted silk masks, 10. ________ can be worn in layers, as many as two dozen, and be pulled off one by one.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。变脸是川剧的特技之一， 用以表达人物的情感变化。

1. to express　考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。

2. oldest　考查比较等级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”意为“最……的……之一”。

3. funny　考查形容词。设空处修饰comedians, 表示“有趣的”， 故填funny。

4. have grasped　考查时态。由上文中的“So far”可知， 应用现在完成时， 故填have grasped。

5. how　考查疑问词。know后是一个“疑问词＋不定式”结构， 且设空处表示方式， 故填how。

6. the　考查冠词。in the beginning意为“起初”。

7. blowing　考查介词。介词by后需用动词­ing形式作宾语， 故填blowing。

8. quickly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词stick, 表示“迅速地”， 故填quickly。

9. made　考查非谓语动词。make和masks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 且make所表示的动作已经完成， 故填made。

10. which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句， 补充说明masks, 且在从句中作主语， 故填which。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 如果一个人从一个国家到另一个国家，他必须适应该国人们的习俗与生活方式。(adjust)

If a person moves from one country to another, he must adjust_himself_to_the_ customs_and_the_way_of_life_of the people.

2. 面对危险，并非所有的人都能保持冷静。(部分否定)

①Not_all_the_people_can_keep_calm in the face of danger.

②All_the_people_cannot_keep_calm in the face of danger.

3. 面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。(现在分词短语作状语)

Facing_difficulties,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.

4. 当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。

①When I came in, the students were_occupied_with/(in)_doing their homework. (occupied)

②When I came in, the students occupied_themselves_with/(in)_doing their homework.(occupy)

5. 你找到这所房子费劲吗？(bother n. )

Did you have_much_bother_(in)_finding the house?

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ.  阅读理解

Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing (冲洗) off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts (内脏) of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.

The do­not­wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.

But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.

The USDA­funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli (大肠杆菌) and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.

To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, use a thermometer to check if the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.

1. People don't accept USDA's advice because ____.

A. the advice is relatively new

B. cleaning seems more trustworthy

C. cooks clean the turkey before cooking it

D. heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food

2. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?

A. Food packages carry germs.

B. Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.

C. Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.

D. Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.

3. Which way may help cook a turkey safely?

A. Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.

B. Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.

C. Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.

D. Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.

4. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?

A. Culture. B. Science.

C. Education. D. Medicine.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品专家说清洗火鸡可能会将其身上的细菌传播到厨房水槽或附近的食物中，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。

1. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The do­not­wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman.”可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故选B。

2. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.”可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故选C。

3. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, use a thermometer to check if the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees.”可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故选D。

4. B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗火鸡可能会将其身上的细菌传播到厨房水槽或附近的食物中，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自杂志的科学版块，故选B。

Ⅱ. 七选五

One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 　1　， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.

　2　. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you're saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.

Openness or honesty. 　3　， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn't do it.

Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 　4　， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.

Feeling defensive. Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 　5　！

A. Saying something important

B. When people want to be open or honest

C. Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional

D. But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold

E. Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxiety

F. This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionals

G. When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的几种含义，比如表示你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实；表示紧张和防御心理等。

1. C　根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故C项正确。

2. A　根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you're saying is important”“stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故A项正确。

3. B　根据空前的“Openness or honesty.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知，B项正确。

4. E　根据该段主题句“Nervousness.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故E项正确。

5. D　根据该段第二句“Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前可能仅仅说明你很寒冷，故D项正确。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

There I stood with tears in my eyes. I looked at a face which was so   1   that I might mistake it for my own. I stared   2   her in disbelief. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.

Adopted at a very young age, I   3   surrounded by people I loved as family.

   4  ， the faces weren't like mine. They were people that loved me. As I got older, the curiosity to learn more about myself took hold and didn't   5  . Who was I? Where did I come from?

At the age of 21, I was given the chance to   6   it out thanks to my adoptive parents'   7  . They accompanied me to the adoption agency. Then the staff   8   

the process of finding my birth mother. But the process was   9   and I didn't expect there would be many complex procedures. And the agency also had caution to move the procedures to ensure both parties' privacy especially   10   my birth mother didn't choose to meet me.

Months later the agency told me that my birth mother was found and that she

  11   to meet me.We were excited.My parents said my birth mother made great

  12   as she gave me away, which allowed them to support the family. Otherwise, it wouldn't have been possible on their own. I was   13   what my birth mother might be doing and what she might look like. I created a(n)   14   in my head.

After a long process, the moment finally came — we reunited.

She said she had made a(n)   15   decision, when watching me leave with only the hope that another family could provide what she couldn't. She said she hesitated for long but knew she was right. I knew she loved me very much.

1. A. familiar　　　　 B. ugly

C. old D. unclear

2. A. into B. to

C. at D. on

3. A. stood up B. came up

C. warmed up D. grew up

4. A. However B. Meanwhile

C. Therefore D. Instead

5. A. help B. stop

C. increase D. arrive

6. A. figure B. pick

C. turn D. sort

7. A. request B. appreciation

C. support D. forgiveness

8. A. delayed B. updated

C. refused D. explained

9. A. important B. discouraging

C. different D. abstract

10. A. now that B. in case

C. even though D. only if

11. A. continued B. managed

C. agreed D. happened

12. A. tendency B. trial

C. occupation D. sacrifice

13. A. wondering B. consulting

C. guaranteeing D. anticipating

14. A. schedule B. picture

C. dream D. error

15. A. necessary B. quick

C. impossible D. difficult

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小被收养在一个家庭中，但一直想要寻找自己的亲生父母，经过努力最终找到亲生父母并见面的故事。

1. A　根据空后的“that I might mistake it for my own”可知作者亲生母亲的长相与作者很相像。所以是一张熟悉的脸庞。故选A。

2. C　根据“ in disbelief”可知，作者不敢相信地盯着她，stare at意为“盯着”，是固定搭配，故选C。

3. D　根据“surrounded by people I loved as family”可知，作者在成长的过程中，作者身边都是作者深爱的家人。故选D。

4. A　根据语境可知，此处表达“然而，他们的样貌并不像我”，前后句意为转折关系。故选A。

5. B　根据下文“Who was I? Where did I come from？”可知，作者想要了解自己的想法从未停止。故选B。

6. A　根据上文“There I stood with tears in my eyes. I looked at a face which was so   1   that I might mistake it for my own.”可知，作者弄清了答案，故选A。

7. C　根据下文 “They accompanied me to the adoption agency.”可知，养父母对作者的想法表示支持。故选C。

8. D　根据下文“I didn't expect there would be many complex procedures”可知，工作人员向作者解释了寻找生母的过程，作者没有想到会有很多复杂的程序。故选D。

9. B　根据转折词But可知，前后句式为转折关系，与前文作者得到支持寻找生母高兴的心情形成对比，且句子中提到有很多复杂的程序，故选B。

10. B　根据句意可知，本句为in case 引导的状语从句。故选B。

11. C　根据下文“We were excited”可知，作者的生母同意见面了，故选C。

12. D　根据语境可知，这里表示做出了牺牲，故选D。

13. A　根据常识以及“what my birth mother might be doing and what she might look like”可知，作者想知道自己的生母是做什么的，她长什么样。故选A。

14. B　作者在没有见到生母之前，作者一直在幻想生母的样子，所以脑海中会出现画面。故选B。

15. D　根据下文“She said she hesitated for long but knew she was right.”可知，作者的生母犹豫了很长一段时间，也很爱作者，所以这是一个艰难的决定，故选D。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 1. ________(sun)weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts (烟头) 2. ________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.

One thing that really annoys me is that I see 3. ________(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4. ________ it should stay — the trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5. ________ pretend that it's not there.

The dogs or the fish are not to blame 6. ______ it. It's our fault and we must blame 7. ________  (we). Everyone has to do his or her part 8. ________ (solve) this problem. It can't be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organisations that help clean up our beaches. More 9. ________ (important), we need to start now before the beaches 10. ________(damage) beyond repair.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。

1. sunny　考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。

2. buried　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。

3. tourists　考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。

4. where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。

5. but　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。

6. for　考查固定词组。be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。

7. ourselves　考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。

8. to solve　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。

9. importantly　考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。

10. are damaged　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知， damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。