(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 4 Sharing (含解析)

UNIT 4　Sharing

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

Before India gained its freedom, many westerners were extremely shocked by its poverty and so they came to serve here. A special girl 1. ________ (call) Agnes Goxa Bojaxiu was among them, who is today known 2. ________ Mother Teresa.

Agnes was born on August 27,1910 and was just 19 years old 3. ________ she came to Calcutta on January 6, 1929. And she never left this country. Her aim in life was 4. ________ (serve) the sick and the poor and she dedicated her full life to this purpose. She would walk around the 5. ________ (danger) dark and dirty streets of Calcutta at night, 6. ________ offer food to the sick and shelter to the poor. When she first arrived in Calcutta, she had little money on her and was helped by a priest.

Through her efforts she managed to open several institutions to help the mentally and 7. ________(physical) challenged children. She had a thousand institutions 8. ________ (work) under her. Mother Teresa 9. ________ (award) the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and the Bharat Ratna in 1980. Besides these, she also received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Peace (1972)，the Templeton Foundation Award (1973)．

Despite all the public praise, national and international 10. ________ (honour), Mother Teresa remained humble, kind and generous till the end. She passed away in September 1997.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度著名的慈善家、诺贝尔和平奖获得者Mother Teresa的事迹。

1. called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，call在句中作定语，与被修饰词girl之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

2. as　考查固定搭配。be known as为固定搭配，意为“被称作……，被叫作……”。

3. when　考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处表示“当……的时候”，且谓语动词是非延续性动词，故填when。

4. to serve　考查非谓语动词。aim, purpose, dream, wish, hope等名词作主语时，常用不定式作表语。

5. dangerous　考查形容词。所填词和后面的dark及dirty并列，修饰名词streets，故用形容词形式。

6. and　考查并列连词。分析句子成分可知，walk和offer是并列谓语，表并列关系，故填and。

7. physically　考查副词。分析句子成分可知，所填词和前面的mentally一起修饰后面的形容词challenged，故用副词形式。

8. working　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，work在句中作定语，与被修饰词institutions之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

9. was awarded　考查时态和语态。根据句中的时间状语“in 1979”可知，要用一般过去时；另外，award和主语Mother Teresa之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

10. honours　考查名词。honour是可数名词，此处表泛指，故用复数形式。

B

For many times in the past years I went to the hospital for some minor 1. ________ (treat) during my travel in other cities. It was the 2. ________ (sad) moment of my life, I think, because nobody would come to the hospital to visit me. However, other patients had family 3. ________ friends to visit them during the visiting hours. I felt really lonely. How is 4. ________ possible that out of a whole world full of people, nobody would come to visit me for just an hour? With a bit of medication (药物治疗), I was back in the stream of life again. But I 5. ________ (leave) with a deep thought for all the people and the elderly. Who 6. ________ (know) how many others that lie in the hospital with nobody 7. ________ (visit) them or give a kind word of comfort? I had this wonderful idea of forming 8. ________ organisation in cities around the world，getting to hospitals to visit the patients 9. ________ never get a visit and someone local could drop in with a smile and a kind word. Wouldn't it be nice and 10. ________ (relative) easy to do?

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在旅行住院期间，没有一个家人和朋友探望。因此作者决定在全世界的城市成立一个组织，专门探望那些生病住院却没人来探望、安慰的病人，给他们送去温暖。

1. treatments　考查名词。本空前面的minor是一个形容词，应填入一个名词。此外，根据空前的some可知，所填的名词应用复数形式。

2. saddest　考查形容词的最高级。根据前面的定冠词the可知，此处要用最高级形式。

3. or　考查并列连词。所填词在句中连接两个并列的成分family和friends，两者之间是选择关系，故填or。

4. it　考查代词。分析句子成分可知，所填词作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，故填it。

5. was left　考查动词时态语态。be left with a thought为固定搭配，意为“使产生……的想法”。

6. knows　考查时态和主谓一致。根据后面从句的谓语动词的时态可知，要用一般现在时；再结合句子的主语Who可知，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

7. to visit　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句含有一个with复合结构。空处作宾语补足语，表示主动和将来，故用不定式形式。

8. an　考查冠词。organisation是可数名词，此处表泛指，又因为organisation以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。

9. who　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词patients，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。

10. relatively　考查副词。修饰后面的形容词easy要用副词形式，故填relatively。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 老师从他身边经过时，他正在看小说。(be doing ... when ...)

He_was_reading_a_novel_when the teacher passed by him.

2. 王芳不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育运动。(not only ... but also ...)

Not_only_does_Wang_Fang_like_music,_but she is also fond of sports.

3. 既然你已经准备好了，我们马上开始。(now that)

Now_that_you_are_ready,we'll start at once.

4. 和这些专家合作是一种殊荣。(It's a privilege to do sth.)

It's_a_privilege_to_team_up with these experts.

5. 这是一个值得认真思考的问题。(deserve)

This is a problem that deserves_to_be_considered/considering_seriously.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

I have been teaching English in elementary school for ten years. Needless to say, I love my job and determine to impart (传授) my love of literature to my future students one day. Well, I must admit, I have made more than a difference. I have changed the way students perceive (感知) literature and have even inspired some to become English teachers.

One student in particular is named Jack. I met him last year when he was a student in my English class during the sixth period. He sat in the back often, saying very little. However, I sensed that he was taking in all that I taught. Jack was never absent nor was he late for class. He seemed very mature for his young age.

As the year passed by, we read lots of poetry and various stories about different cultures and real­life experiences. I have always wanted literature to speak to my students so that they could find relevant connections which would finally give them that motivation to read, write and interpret. While reading and writing poetry, Jack wrote some beautiful poetry that spoke of his experiences as a black male in America.

On the last day of school, students were asked to write a brief autobiographical essay and to dedicate (献给) it to someone he or she thought was significant in his or her life. Jack dedicated his essay to me and used clip art that decorated the dedication with roses.

He wrote in the essay that “Some people you meet in life are flowers, but also there are those who are roses. Ms Hopkins, I just want you to know that you are a rose in my life and I have enjoyed every minute of being in your class. You have shown me that I have purpose in life and that I am a poet. I will never forget you.” Tears streamed down my eyes. I had had a particularly hard personal life that year and somehow that letter made it worth the struggle.

Making a great contribution to someone's life is something money could never buy. Teaching allows teachers to make a positive difference in the life of someone.

1. What's the author's purpose to take Jack for example?

A. To show that her students were all excellent readers.

B. To develop her own idea about English literature.

C. To prove what she had just said was true.

D. To persuade her readers to change their minds.

2. Why did Jack choose to dedicate his autobiographical essay to Ms Hopkins?

A. He thought she was significant in his life.

B. He wanted to say to her that she was a red rose.

C. He expected her to know he had enjoyed her class.

D. He remembered she had promised to let him be a poet.

3. What kind of person was the author according to the text?

A. Gentle.　　　 B. Passionate.

C. Humorous. D. Indifferent.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for this text?

A. The Difference a Good Teacher Can Make

B. The Friendship Ms Hopkins and Jack Developed

C. An Experience Only Ms Hopkins and Her Students Could Have

D. The Significant Contribution Everyone Can Make

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一位英语老师，她的教学对学生产生了积极的影响。

1. C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“I have changed the way students perceive (感知) literature and have even inspired some to become English teachers.”和第二段可推知，作者把杰克当作例子是为了证明她刚才所说的是真的，故答案为C。

2. A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ms Hopkins, I just want you to know that you are a rose in my life and I have enjoyed every minute of being in your class. You have shown me that I have purpose in life and that I am a poet. I will never forget you.”可知，杰克选择把他的自传性文章献给霍普金斯女士，是因为他认为她在他的人生中很重要，故选A。

3. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Tears streamed down my eyes. I had had a particularly hard personal life that year and somehow that letter made it worth the struggle.”可推知，作者是充满激情的，故选B。

4. A　标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句“Teaching allows teachers to make a positive difference in the life of someone.”可知，教学可以让老师对学生产生积极的影响，故A项正确。

Ⅱ. 七选五

How Many Cups of Coffee per Day Are Too Many?

From cappuccinos to cold brew, coffee is a must­have to start the day for many people. 　1　 However, a new study suggests too much coffee can be harmful.

This is what a recent study shows. 　2　 A University of South Australia study led by Elian Hypponen suggests a couple of cups to start your day probably won't hurt — and may even be good for you. But drinking six or more cups of coffee a day can increase your risk of heart disease by up to 22%, the researchers found. A cup was defined as eight ounces of coffee.

Knowing the limits of what's good for us and what's not is necessary. 　3　 

About one in four deaths in the United States is due to heart disease, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. That's why Elian set out to discover how much caffeine causes high blood pressure. 　4　

Elian says her findings suggest that sipping two to three cups per day is pretty safe and possibly beneficial. She also notes that if you're generally healthy, lots of evidence suggests that four cups per day shouldn't be harmful.

　5　 Even though the research says five cups of coffee is permissible, each person should know his or her own limit. If you begin having difficulty sleeping or feeling nervous, you might have reached your limit for the day.

A. Drink no more than six cups per day.

B. Over the limits, our health will pay for it.

C. Coffee is the most popular drink in the world.

D. But of course, don't forget to listen to our bodies.

E. The relation between them is quite complicated.

F. As we know, it is a key heart disease risk factor.

G. It sets you off on an energetic morning and prepares you for a busy day.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一天喝咖啡不要超过六杯，否则会影响身体健康。

1. G　根据上文中的“coffee is a must­have to start the day for many people”可知，咖啡对很多人来说是一天的开始，接着就该解释为什么喝咖啡是一天的开始，因为咖啡让你在充满活力的早晨精神焕发，为忙碌的一天做好准备。故选G。

2. A　根据下文中的“But drinking six or more cups of coffee a day can increase your risk of heart disease by up to 22%, the researchers found.”可知，一天喝六杯或更多咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率，所以空白处的内容应是一天要少于六杯咖啡。故选A。

3. B　根据下文中的“About one in four deaths in the United States is due to heart disease, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.”可知，美国四分之一的死亡是心脏病所致。空白处要把这两个意思连起来，应是超过限制就会付出健康的代价。故选B。

4. F　根据上文中的“Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. That's why Elian set out to discover how much caffeine causes high blood pressure.”可知，在全球，心脏病是造成死亡的主要原因。这也是Elian着手研究多少咖啡因会造成高血压的原因。咖啡因和死亡的联系是咖啡因是心脏病的诱发因素。故选F。

5. D　根据下文中的“Even though the research says five cups of coffee is permissible, each person should know his or her own limit.”可知，即使研究者说五杯咖啡是允许的，但每个人应该知道自己的极限。因此，要听从自己身体的声音。故选D。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

There are times when we feel as if our bad circumstances will never change. When we meet troubles or problems in our lives, we are 　1　 for a sign that tells us everything will be 　2　 and get better.

When in this mindset (心态), I think back to a 　3　 I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant. At the end of the meal, everyone 　4　

the fortune cookie and read their messages out loud. 　5　， the youngest child did not; she went to get another fortune cookie. This 　6　 several times before the mum stopped her and asked, “What are you doing？” The little child responded, “I am looking for a cookie with the 　7　 fortune for me.” The mum said, “There is only one thing you need to 　8　 and it's not in a fortune cookie. That is where there is a will there's a way.”

When 　9　 are not going our way，we may 　10　 the right fortune. We seek the hope for our 　11　 so that it will be better than the present. Once the Israelis were expelled (驱逐) in a foreign country against their will. At that time, everything was 　12　 for them, but they didn't lose hope; instead, they 　13　 to their new environment positively. Years later they returned to their homeland as they had 　14　.

In life we need to take action and hope and believe that nothing is impossible to a willing mind. It does 　15　 that good things do come out of bad and difficult situations.

1. A. ready　　　　　　 B. grateful

C. responsible D. desperate

2. A. settled B. hidden

C. defeated D. gone

3. A. message B. story

C. problem D. case

4. A. ate B. tasted

C. touched D. opened

5. A. Anyhow B. However

C. Otherwise D. Therefore

6. A. changed B. ran

C. happened D. showed

7. A. good B. bad

C. wrong D. right

8. A. doubt B. guess

C. know D. hope

9. A. memories B. things

C. questions D. chances

10. A. search for B. make up

C. take out D. wrestle with

11. A. family B. work

C. business D. future

12. A. easy B. difficult

C. common D. special

13. A. adjusted B. turned

C. stuck D. agreed

14. A. left B. expected

C. talked D. remembered

15. A. prove B. tell

C. consider D. understand

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭的故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”的道理。

1. D　根据上文中的“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知，生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，我们渴望有一个迹象告诉我们一切问题都会解决并变得更好。be desperate for意为“非常渴望；极需要的”，为固定表达，符合题意。故选D。

2. A　根据上文中的“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知，遇到的是麻烦或问题，所以要“解决麻烦或问题”。故选A。

3. B　根据下文中的“I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant.”可知，作者应是想到了一个听说过的故事。故选B。

4. D　根据空后的“fortune cookie”可知，应是中餐馆给客人的包有预测未来运气小纸条的幸运饼干，因此打开之后才能看到其中的小纸条上的内容。故选D。

5. B　根据上文中的“At the end of the meal, everyone 　4　 the fortune cookie and read their messages out loud.”可知，每个人都读了自己的小纸条，空后的“the youngest child did not”提及最小的孩子没有读，因此，前后句应是转折关系。故选B。

6. C　根据语境可知，“this”应指上文提及的“to get another fortune cookie”这件事，且结合下文中的“several times before the mum stopped her and asked, ‘What are you doing？’”可知，此处表示这个动作发生了不止一次才引起了妈妈的注意和询问。故选C。

7. D　根据下文中的“When 　9　 are not going our way, we may 　10　 the right fortune.”可知，本句中应是“right fortune”。故选D。

8. C　根据下文中的“That is where there is a will there's a way.”可知，这是妈妈希望这个小孩子能够懂得的道理。故选C。

9. B　结合文章主旨可知，此处表达当事情不是按照自己的预想方式发展时，且对应上文“everything will be 　2　 and get better”提及的everything。故选B。

10. A　根据上文中的“I am looking for a cookie with the 　7　 fortune for me.”可知，应是“寻找(search for)”好运气。故选A。

11. D　根据下文中的“so that it will be better than the present”可知，此处应是表达寻求未来的希望。故选D。

12. B　根据上文中的“Once the Israelis were expelled (驱逐) in a foreign country against their will.”可知，他们被驱逐，因此日子不好过。故选B。

13. A　根据上文中的“they didn't lose hope”可知，他们虽然被驱逐，但是没有放弃希望，由此可推知，他们在新环境中积极调整自己。adjust to意为“调整，调节”，为固定短语。故选A。

14. B　as sb. had expected为固定表达，意为“正如某人所期望的那样”。故选B。

15. A　“It proves that＋从句”为固定句式，意为“它证明了……”。故选A。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

(2021·全国重点中学模拟)When I began my career, I started work at 7 a．m. and finished already at 3 p．m., which enabled me 1. ________ (lead) a healthy lifestyle. Based on the philosophy that I 2. ________ (bring) up with, I was on the right path. But it wasn't enough for me. I felt I needed a new passion in life.

Many things had passed through my head in an 3. ________ (extreme) short period of time. Within 3 months, apart 4. ________ working at a full­time job, I began an online business. But that wasn't all. I looked at the transformation that I was going through, which inspired me to go even 5. ________ (far)．

Helping others in any possible way is 6. ________ I have always enjoyed doing. I also used to joke around that some day I 7. ________ (want) to write a book. It's always nice to have a dream like that though I'm far from a 8. ________ (profession) writer. To make a long story short, I combined my life transformation, my interest in writing and my 9. ________ (eager) to help other people, and I shared some things that had helped me to make 10. ________ better “me” in a blog.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。虽然固定工作给作者带来安逸的生活，但是他并没有止步于此，而是利用网络开始了第二职业，并且在博客上分享有意义的故事。

1. to lead　考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配enable sb. to do sth. “使得某人做某事”，故用不定式作宾补。

2. was brought　考查时态和语态。bring up“抚养，养育”与主语I是被动关系，再根据主句的时态可推断出此处用一般过去时的被动语态。

3. extremely　考查副词。本空修饰形容词short, 要用副词形式。

4. from　考查介词。此处考查介词短语apart from “除了……外”。

5. farther/further　考查比较级。由句中的even可知，此处指比以往走得更远，故此处用比较级。

6. what　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，is后是一个表语从句，从句缺少宾语，且连接词表示“所……的事物”，故用what。

7. would want　考查时态。根据语境可知，此处从句表示从过去看将来要发生的动作，故用过去将来时。

8. professional　考查形容词。该词位于名词writer之前作定语，因此用形容词。professional表示“职业的，专业的”。

9. eagerness　考查名词。句中的and连接三个并列结构，根据my life transformation和my interest可知此处应用名词。eagerness意为“渴望”。

10. a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“成为一个更好的我”，后面的“me”在此视为可数意义，故用不定冠词a。