高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教案

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——v.­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语

v．­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语

v．­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语是本单元的语法内容，也是v.­ing的重点和难点。希望同学们认真学习掌握他们的用法。

[观察例句]

1....her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.

2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic.

3．The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.

[归纳用法]

一、v.­ing形式作宾语补足语

1．(1)v.­ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。

I found a bag lying on the ground.

我发现地板上放着一个包。

(2)当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的v.­ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the result very satisfying.

＝The result is found very satisfying.

这个结果很令人满意。

They heard him singing in the next room.

＝He was heard singing in the next room.

有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。

2．能用v.­ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：

(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等。

We saw a light burning in the window.

我们看见窗户里有一盏灯在亮着。

Can you smell anything burning?

你闻见有东西烧着了吗？

(2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

让你一直等着我感觉很抱歉。

I can't get the clock going again.

我不能让钟表再次转动。

二、v.­ing形式作状语

1．现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语。与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的)。

Not coming on time, he was punished.＝ Because he didn't come on time，he was punished.(原因)

因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。

Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.＝While he was reading the book，he nodded from time to time.(时间)

读书的时候，他不时地点头。

Working hard，you will succeed.＝If you work hard，you will succeed.(条件)

努力，你就会成功。

Having failed many times，he didn't lose heart.

＝Though he had failed many times，he didn't lose heart.(让步)

尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有丧失信心。

The teacher stood there，reading a newspaper.

＝The teacher stood there，and read a newspaper.

(伴随，可以转化为一个并列句)

老师站在那儿，读着报纸。

Please answer the question using another way.(方式)

请用另外一种方式回答问题。

The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.(补充说明)

来访的部长表达了对谈判的认可，他还补充说他此次来访很愉快。

His father died，leaving him a lot of money.(结果)

他爸爸去世了，留给他许多钱。

2．现在分词的否定结构

现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成。

Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help.

不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。

Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped.

趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。

Not having done it right，I tried again.

第一次没做对，我又尝试了一次。

3．现在分词的时态

(1)一般式：现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

She sat there，reading a novel.

她坐在那里看小说。

A little child learning to walk often falls.

学走路的小孩常常跌倒。

(2)现在分词的完成式所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.

做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。

Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.

因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。

4．现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语与现在分词动作是被动关系。

(1)现在分词的一般被动式。

The building being built is our library.

正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

Being repaired，the swimming pool won't open until next month.

由于正在被修理，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。

[提示]　being done常作定语，表示被动的动作正在发生。

(2)现在分词的完成被动式。

Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn't make such mistakes.

被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。

Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.

被教授好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。

[提示]　现在分词的完成被动式常作状语。

5．一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的情况，少部分动词ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，为固定形式。常见的有：

generally/strictly/exactly/honestly　speaking　大体上/严格/准确/老实地说；judging from/by根据……判断；considering考虑到；concerning关于。

Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。

[即学即练]　完成句子

1．因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。

Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.

2．中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。

More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

3．有人看见嫌疑犯进入了这座大楼。

The suspect was seen entering the building.

4．他让灯着了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。

He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.

5．我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。

I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I can't imagine Billy riding(ride) a motorbike.

2．Did you hear the dog downstairs barking(bark) for most of the night?

3．When I came out of the theatre，I noticed a group of children playing(play) musical instruments across the street.

4．She sat at the desk doing(do) her homework.

5．Coming(come) from Jordan，he moves close to ask you a question.

6．(2019·烟台一模)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.

7．(2016·天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.

8．(2016·北京卷)Newly­built wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.

9．(2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.

10．Judging(judge) from his accent，he is from the south of China.

11．Having struggled(struggle) with depression，eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years，he now understands how important being healthy is.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

(2019·威海高三模拟)Each year 1.thousands(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number of people 2.travelling(travel) to the ends of the Earth can have 3.a negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 4.be allowed (allow)to visit polar regions?

About 40，000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than five million travel to the Arctic and sub­Arctic.5.Transporting(transport) tourists to the regions increases ship and airplane traffic，6.adding(add) to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other environmental damage.Because the places where wildlife accessible 7.are(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas，8.putting(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.

Others say that the access to these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists. Polar tourism allows people to develop deep 9.personal (person) connections with polar regions.“Those 10.who travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheerleaders for supporting those places.” Jim Sano, vice president for travel and conservation at World Wildlife Fund, told TFK.