北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit5 humans and nature sectionⅱ教学知识细解码学案

UNIT 5 Humans and nature

1．interrupt vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断

2．die vi.死，死亡；消失→dead adj.死的，失去生命的→death n．死；死亡

3．lose vt.丢失，遗失；丧失→loss n．丧失；死亡

4．operate vt.运转；操作vi.手术→operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作

5．suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受→suffering n．(肉体上或精神上的)痛苦；折磨

6．protect vt.保护；防护→protection n．保护；防护

7．breath n．呼吸→breathe vt.& vi.呼吸

8．prepare vt.预备，准备→preparation n．预备，准备

9．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n．焦虑；不安

10．ambitious adj.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的→ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿

11．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．远处；远方

1．operation n．行动，活动；n.手术；操作

①Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis last night.   手术

②The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. 行动

③Operation of the device is extremely simple. 操作

2．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；举止，表现vi.& vt.指挥；带领，引导

①The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 进行

②The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 引导

③He conducted himself far better than expected. 表现

④Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe.   指挥

Words and Phrases

　trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中n.陷阱；阴谋

(教材P34) Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.

救援队尽力营救被困在建筑底下的人们。

[例1]　They were trapped in the burning building.

他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。

[例2]　She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.

她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

[造句]　他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。

He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.

[即学即练]

①Many people trapped(trap) in buildings died before they could be rescued.

②I was trapped into admitting(admit) I had done wrong.

③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into the it.

　attempt v．& n．尝试，试图，努力

(教材P34) What happens on rescue attempts

在救援行动中发生了什么

[例1]　The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.

囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。

[例2]　Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.

为削减费用，有两家工厂被关闭了。

[造句]　不要试图自己修理这个东西。

Do not attempt to repair this yourself.

[即学即练]

①I passed my driving test at the first attempt.

②The climbers will make an attempt to reach(reach) the summit today.

　preparation n．准备，预备；配制品

(教材P36) ...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.

……两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。

[例1]　Careful preparation for the exam is essential.

认真准备考试十分重要。

[例2]　We made preparations to move to new offices.

我们已准备好要搬到新办公室。

[造句]　他协助我撰写此书。

He assisted me in the preparation of this book.

[即学即练]

①Tom is studying in preparation for the next examination.

＝Tom is making preparations(prepare) for the next examination.

②I'm not well prepared for the exam.I'm afraid I won't pass.

[名师点津]

(1)prepare意为“准备”，其宾语为要准备的内容。

(2)prepare for意为“为……做准备”，for的宾语一般只是谓语动作所要达到的目的。

　anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地

(教材P36) Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.

斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。

[例1]　The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return of her relatives.

老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。

[例2]　Michael glanced anxiously down the corridor，but Mary was nowhere to be seen.

迈克尔焦急地顺着走廊望去，可根本看不到玛丽的影儿。

[造句]　我忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。

I was anxiously waiting for his phone call.

[即学即练]

①Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.

②Peggy is anxious to show(show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.

③He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want.

[小片段填空]

My daughter studies very hard，because she ①is anxious to go to college.But she ② is anxious about not passing the entrance exam.I ③am anxious that she should get rid of ④anxiety．

　break down(机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；(讨论、关系或系统)失败，破裂，失灵；分解；将……分成若干部分；(使)(物质)分解；感情失控(痛哭起来)

(教材P36) First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.

先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。

[例1]　Talks with business leaders broke down last night.

昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。

[例2]　Her sister broke down，sobbing into her handkerchief.

她姐姐再也控制不住自己的情绪，捂着手绢呜咽起来。

[例3]　The dam broke down and in result the land was flooded.

大坝倒塌了，土地因而被淹。

[例4]　We were driving half when the car broke down.

当汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶了一半的路程。

[造句]　听到这消息时，她控制不住自己哭了起来，但很快她就平静下来了。

She broke down when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.

[即学即练]

①Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town.

②He broke in with some ideas of his own.

　on one's way 在途中

(教材P37) However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.

然而，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集岩石。

[例1]　On my way to New York，I stopped over in Tokyo for two days.

我在去纽约的途中在东京停了两天。

[例2]　He met with an accident on his way to school.

他在上学的路上遇到一件意外的事。

[造句]　她在去上学的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。

She suddenly fell down on her way to school，she must have been ill.

[即学即练]

①I put her downstairs so that she shouldn't be in the way.

②They are travelling to France by way of London.

③In no way will I give in.

[名师点津]　

(1)in no way“决不”，表示否定意义，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。

(2)on one's way to中的to为介词，后跟副词时应省略。如：on one's way home在某人回家的路上。

　carry on 继续做某事

(教材P37) Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.

斯科特和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。

[例1]　Now we have got a cart，we can carry on with our work.

现在我们有大车了，我们可以继续工作了。

[例2]　Then they promised to stop，but they secretly carried on.

当时，他们承诺停工，但暗地里仍在施工。

[造句]　他继续讲笑话，自己笑得前仰后合。

He carried on telling jokes，laughing his head off.

[即学即练]

①Carry on with your work while I'm out.

②Whatever difficulty you will meet with，carry out your plan.

③Their faith and courage carried them through．

　measure vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量 n．措施；标准

(教材P102)...that is hard to measure.

……那很难衡量。

[例1]　A dipstick is used to measure how much oil is left in an engine.

量油尺是用来探查引擎中的剩余油量的。

[例2]　The pond measures about 2 metres across.

这个池塘宽约2米。

[造句]　他说将会采取严厉措施惩罚凶手。

He said strict measures would be taken against the killers．

[即学即练]

①Scientists haven't measured(measure) the positive effects of laughter on children.

②My mother made me a pair of trousers to my own measure.

③It is high time that we should take measures(measure) to protect endangered animals.

[名师点津]　

当measure表示“量起来有……长/高/宽……”时，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。

　suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨

(教材P102)But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.

但尽量减少生命的折磨和损失是我们的职责。

[例1]　Death finally brought an end to her suffering.

死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。

[例2]　This war has caused widespread human suffering.

这场战争给许多的人带来了苦难。

[造句]　临终安养院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。

The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.

[即学即练]

①He suffers a lot from his disability.

②The pains and sufferings(suffer) caused by the road accident were so great that the whole family couldn't live happily.

[小片段填空]

The villagers ①suffered from hunger.The ②sufferings made their life hard and some ③sufferers had to leave their home.

知识要点10　run out(of sth.) 完成，用完；(指物)被用完，被耗尽

(教材P103) ...unfortunately，we've run out of time.

……不幸的是我们用完了时间。

[例1]　Time is running out for the trapped miners.

被困矿工的时间不多了。

[例2]　If we're not careful，we're going to run out of gas.

如果我们不小心使用，我们将会耗尽汽油。

[造句]　问题是我们钱已用完了。

The problem is that we have run out of money.

[即学即练]

①We went too fast round the corner and ran into a lamppost.

②He was run over and killed by a bus.

③The dog was running after a rabbit.

[名师点津]

“用完”的不同

run out of “用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；run out “用完”(＝become used up)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use up “用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。

Sentence Patterns

　全部倒装

(教材P36)  Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.

接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。

句式分析：这是一个倒装句，主语是the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。

[例1]　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

我们渴望的时刻终于到了。

[例2]　Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.

我一生中很少遇到意志这么坚强的人。

[造句]　随即传来了一个小女孩的哭声。

And then came the cry of a little girl.

[即学即练]

①Under that tree sits(sit) a beautiful girl.

②Present at the conference were(be) experts from all over the world.

③Such are the facts，no one can deny them.

　have＋sb./sth.＋doing

(教材P36) He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.

他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都在滑雪板上。

句式分析：句中have teams of dogs pulling是“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构。

[即学即练]

①My mum has me reading(read) the poem all the morning.

②We had the machine repaired(repair)．

　 have difficulty in doing sth.

(教材P37) The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.

接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。

句式分析：句中have difficulty in doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”。

[即学即练]

①Whenever we have difficulty with our study，our teachers help us patiently.

②Though I've learnt English for several years，I have some trouble/difficulty/problems in communicating(communicate) with foreigners.

While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.

[分析]　while引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a message。

[翻译]　在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．When I went in the office，I found my English teacher is busy preparing(prepare) his lessons.

2．My energy has run (run) out，so I feel very tired.

3．No matter what happens，we should carry on with our research.We should not back out.

4．If Jimmy carries on working like this，he will break down sooner or later.

5．They had great trouble in getting(get) in touch with their father abroad.

6．He had his leg broken(break) during the football match.

7．Two robbers broke into her home，held a knife to her throat and stole her savings.

8．Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause anxiety(anxious)．

9．He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.

10．We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood.

Ⅱ.短语填空

on one's way to；breathe in；all the way；in preparation for；carry on；make progress；at one time；get into

1．She went with me all the way to the station.

2．I got into the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.

3．In preparation for the discussion，you will write a discussion question for each article.

4．At one time the schools were mainly attached to the church.

5．In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.

6．He was very pleased to see that the kids had made progress．

7．He has been allowed to leave the country and is on his way to Britain.

8．If you carry on in that way，you will be more and more divorced from the masses.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

On 1 June，1910，the race to the South Pole 1.between the Norwegian and the British 2.began．Amundsen left on 8 September，1911.He 3.made great progress because he had teams of dogs 4.pulling(pull) the sledges and all his men were on skis.They arrived at the Pole on 14 December，1911 and became the first 5.to arrive(arrive)there.Scott left on 1 November 6.buthis two sledges broke 7.down first and then his horses had difficulties with the cold and the snow.They finally made it to the Pole and were 8.shocked(shock) to find that they had failed to win the race.On their 9.deadly(dead)return journey，they still found time to look for rocks.Their great courage made them into 10.heroes(hero).