北师大版高中英语必修第二册unit5 humans and nature sectionⅰ突破语法大冲关学案

UNIT 5 Humans and nature

关系副词引导定语从句

[观察例句]

1．There are occasions when one must yield.

2．Beijing is the place where I was born.

3．Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

[归纳用法]

当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。

一、关系副词when

1．when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。

2．when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。

3．关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。

I'll never forget the days when we stayed in the countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。

(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 on which代替)

Do you still remember the time when we met our old friend John?

你还记得我们遇见我们的老朋友约翰的时候吗？

(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 at which 代替)

In the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.

在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。

(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in which 代替)

[即时训练1]

①Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice­cream.

②The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

二、关系副词where

1．where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。

They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.

他们走进正在开会的大厅。

2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。

Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music.

对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。

3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。

Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.

日本是地震频发的地方。

The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.

他工作的办公室离这儿不远。

[名师点津]

where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别

引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。

He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)

他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。

When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)

读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。

[即时训练2]

①They have reached the point where they split up.

②He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.

三、关系副词why

1．why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如 reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。

2．关系副词 why 常可用“介词for＋which”来代替。

[名师点津]

why不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是 reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用 for which 引导。

The reason why he was absent sounds reasonable.

他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for which代替)

Can you believe his reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday？你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用 for which 代替)

[即时训练3]

①The reason why he resigned is known to us.

②That's the reason why she spoke.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

2．I often have the case where I can't recognise my friend's voice on the phone.

3．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old when they swam in it.

4．In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

5．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

This is the village 1.where I was brought up，2.which is surrounded by trees and mountains.I still remember the days 3.when I played with my little friends.We often went to a nearby river，4.where we caught fish.But we usually went home late.That's the reason 5.why I often was scolded by my parents.Although there were only three hundred people there，the people enjoyed 6.themselves(them) and got along well 7.with each other.They worked in the field，8.where a variety of crops were planted.The only school was 9.located(locate) in the centre of the village，10.from which many students graduated.