英语Grammar and usage教案

  Unit 3 Fit for life

Grammar and usage: Present perfect continuous tense

内容分析：

本板块围绕单元话题，首先通过一位佩戴机械手的残疾女孩的自述，要求学生在语篇中观察现在完成进行时的基本构成，并自主探究、归纳现在完成进行时的一般规则；随后通过句子、语篇两个层面的练习巩固所学，让学生深化理解现在完成进行时的含义和用法；最后组织学生运用所学，以角色扮演的方式运用目标语法进行采访对话，使语法知识的运用和话题相结合，实现“形式—意义—使用”三者的统一。

教学目标：

By the end of this section, students will be able to:

1. identify the verb form of the present perfect continuous tense;

2. work out the general rules of the present perfect continuous tense;

3. use the right tenses to finish related tasks;

4. apply the present perfect continuous tense in new contexts.

教学重难点：

1.To apply the rules correctly and properly;

2.Develop the thinking ability by analyzing and summarizing the grammar rules.

教学过程：

Step 1   Lead in

T asks the Ss to read the personal account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand and fill in the following table.

Before having the new robotic hand •The girl began to 1. _____________ after losing her right hand in a car accident two years ago.

•The old artificial hand could not help her because 2. __________

With the new robotic hand •The girl can 3. _______________ and hold on to small things.

•The new robotic hand is capable of 4. ________________

•The new robotic hand looks very lifelike with 5. ___________

Over the past three months •The girl has rediscovered old hobbies.

•The girl has become more 6. _________________

Possible answer

1. withdraw into herself

2. it didn’t feel like part of her

3. move her individual fingers

4. feeling varying degrees of pressure

5. special rubber used on the outside

6. confident and outgoing

Useful expressions

be equipped with    装备有，配备有

withdraw into oneself   离群索居

lead a normal life    过正常的生活

hold on to      抓住不放；握住；控制

More amazingly    更加令人惊异的是

be capable of doing sth.  有能力做某事

be grateful for ...    因......而感激

open up new possibilities  开启新的可能性

Step 2   Exploring the rules

T asks Ss go through the personal account again and fill in the box in part A on page 34.

Answer

Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, ...

Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand, ...

I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.

【设计意图：老师一开始通过分享一个装有义肢的女孩的生活故事，设置填空练习让学生在具体的情境中提前感知本节课的语法知识。很自然地引入本堂课的语法内容，同时带入了话题，也为本堂课的终极任务做好了铺垫。】

Step 3   Working out the rules

Have students finish “Working out the rules” on page 34.

Answer

1) the present   2) has/have been doing

Have students go through “Grammar notes” on page 99. Give explanations if necessary.

Practice:

1. Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ___________ (desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer holiday.

2. The number of visitors ___________ (rise) steadily since the reopening, despite a sharp decline compared to normal years.

3. A recent study has found that the number of smokers ___________ (increase) sharply over the past five years.

4. We __________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful since the time humankind started gardening.

5. Today I ___________ (photograph) a crocodile swimming close to our boat, the Kimberley Quest, all day.

6. Mr. Smith ___________ (overwork) these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.

7. Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope ______________ (circle) the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap(一圈).

8. Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ___________ (phone) all day. Could you speak to him now?

Possible answer

1. has been desiring   2. has been rising   3. has been increasing   4. have been trying   5. have been photographing   6. has been overworking   7. has been circling  

8. has been phoning

Have students finish B1 on page 35.

Answer

1. have been reflecting   2. have been waiting   3. has been writing  

4. has been making      5. have been doing

Have students finish B2 on page 35 and answer the following questions.

Answer

1) has been estimated   2) have been hoping for   3) have been developing

4) have only served     5) have been doing

T has Ss read the life story again and answer the following questions.

(1)What were some of the earliest artificial limbs like?

(2)What can robotic limbs do?

(3)Why did David Jones say they would not take out a patent on the technology of robotic limbs?

Possible answer

(1)They were made of wood and leather, and served only basic functions.

(2)They come closer to real human limbs and can perform much more complex tasks. They can even be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.

(3)Because they hoped that more and more people in need of robotic limbs would be equipped with the limbs and enjoy a higher quality of life.

【设计意图：培养学生的语篇意识，精读原文，理解文本内容，通过练习观察并体会过去完成时在语境中的用法。粗略理解过去完成时的概念以及它的谓语结构，并借鉴课本后面的语法笔记，对学生观察、探究、理解该语法知识点有一定的帮助。】

Step 4   Applying the rules

1. T asks the Ss to write a short summary of the article in B2 using the present perfect continuous tense.

Possible answer

Over the last few years, scientists have been developing new kinds of artificial limbs to replace the traditional ones, some of which only served basic functions. People who have been hoping for better-quality artificial limbs will hopefully be equipped with robotic limbs which can perform much more complex tasks and come closer to real human limbs. Besides, one of the scientists who have been doing everything to advance the technology of robotic limbs said they would not take out a patent on it, hoping more people in need of them will enjoy a higher quality of life.

【设计意图：这个步骤是这堂课的核心部分，将语法知识和语境相结合，在语境中学习语法知识。学生通过更正句子中的错误时态，进一步理解和把握了现在完成进行时的概念以及谓语结构。通过自主学习、自主探究和合作学习的方式，了解这一语法知识在英语语言中的运用，让学生在语言实践中去探索现在完成进行时这一时态，通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法。】

Step 5   Topic talking and sharing

T asks the Ss to have an interview with David Jones about the research his team has been doing. In pairs, role-play the interview using the present perfect continuous tense. The beginning has been given.

Student: What have you been doing, Dr Jones?

David Jones: We have been developing ...

Possible answer

Student: What have you been doing, Dr Jones?

David Jones: We have been developing even better robotic limbs than those available at the moment.

Student: Is it difficult to develop the new robotic technology?

David Jones: Yes. Our team of scientists have been devoting most of their time to the project and we have been doing everything we can to advance this technology.

Student: That’s great! Why is this technology important to your personally?

David Jones: Because my goal is to equip as many people as possible who need robotic limbs, and help them enjoy a higher quality of life. For these reasons, we will not take out a patent on the technology, so it will be available to anyone who needs it. We have been spreading the news about our technology all over the world.

【设计意图：学生结合语法知识，进一步巩固本节课的核心知识，将现在完成进行时的用法融入到真实语言中，鼓励学生学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新，达到学以致用的目的。不仅培养培养学生的批判性思维能力，而且帮助学生提升语言表达能力，为写作打好语言基础。】

Step 6   Homework

1. Search the information online and write an inspiring life story of a person with disability.

2. Complete part C of the workbook on page 70.

Possible answer

1. have been reading  

2. have been thinking/ am thinking 

3. is learning

4. have written

5. has been taking

6. have been working  

7. has been raining 

8. Have; been waiting

【设计意图：强化知识运用。】