高考英语一轮总复习专题练习35 Unit 4 sharing 新人教版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修第四册　UNIT 4　SHARING

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2022·安徽省皖西南名校联考)

On June 8th, much of the world observes United Nations World Oceans Day.The idea is to remind people how __1.B__ the world’s oceans are to all life on Earth, to celebrate their beauty, and to bring attention to the __2.A__ human activity has on the oceans.This year, the theme is “Our Oceans, Our Future”， with special emphasis on finding solutions to plastic pollution, and __3.B__ marine (海洋) litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.

The world’s oceans produce over half of our __4.D__ for breath, help regulate our climate, absorb carbon dioxide, and support the greatest __5.A__ of life on our planet.Nearly half of all species (物种) on Earth depend on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including for people, the oceans __6.C__ the quality of life.

The oceans are __7.A__ vital to the world’s economy, because they are key to transportation and recreation.And __8.C__ over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored, it is nearly a certainty that their __9.D__ may hold the cure to many a disease, the resolution to many problems.

And yet, as much as 40 percent of the world’s oceans are heavily __10.C__ by human activities that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats.Of particular concern is plastic litter.Some of it comes from __11.A__ that use our rivers, lakes and seas, and eventually makes its way into the ocean.But  __12.A__ washes off land into the ocean each year.

We must remember the health and safety of our oceans is our __13.C__ responsibility, one that we cannot afford to ignore.__14.D__ through good administration can we safeguard the health of our oceans, and __15.B__ that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界海洋日，人们应该更加关注海洋健康。

1．A.serious　　　　　　　　 B．important

C．apparent　 D．awesome

解析：句意：这个想法是要提醒人们，世界海洋对地球上所有生命的重要性，是为了庆祝它们的美丽，并提醒人们注意人类活动对海洋的影响。serious严肃的；认真的； important重要的；apparent显然的，易看见的；awesome可怕的；令人敬畏的。根据题意，故选B。

2．A.influence 　　 B．result

 C．affection　　 D．drawback

解析：句意同上题。influence影响； result结果；affection喜爱；drawback劣势。根据题意，故选A。

3．A.reusing 　　 B．preventing

 C．collecting 　　 D．gathering

解析：句意：今年的主题是“我们的海洋，我们的未来”，寻找解决塑料污染的方法，为了一个健康的海洋和一个更好的未来，阻止海洋垃圾。 reuse再用；重新使用； prevent阻止；collect收集； gather收集；采集。根据“for a healthier ocean”一个更健康的海洋。可知应阻止垃圾。根据题意，故选B。

4．A.water 　 B．food

 C．air 　　 D．oxygen

解析：句意：世界上的海洋产生了一半以上的氧气用于呼吸，有助于调节我们的气候，吸收二氧化碳，并支持我们星球上最丰富的生命。water水；food食物；air空气； oxygen氧气。根据“for breath”为了呼吸。根据常识，可知产生氧气。根据题意，故选D。

5．A.abundance 　 B．freedom

 C．independence 　　 D．protection

解析：句意同上题。abundance丰富；freedom自由；independence独立；protection保护。根据“Nearly half of all species (物种) on Earth”地球上几乎一半的物种。可知地球上物种丰富。根据题意，故选A。

6．A.increase 　　 B．decrease

 C．improve 　　 D．develop

解析：句意：地球上近一半的物种依赖海洋生存，和许多其他的，包括人，海洋提高了生活质量。 increase增加；decrease减少；improve提高；develop发展。根据题意，故选C。

7．A.also 　 B．even

 C．still 　　 D．often

解析：句意：海洋对世界经济也是至关重要的，因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键。also也；even甚至；still仍然；often经常。根据“because they are key to transportation and recreation.” 因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键，可知海洋对世界经济也是至关重要的。根据题意，故选A。

8．A.when 　　 B．while

 C．since 　 D．although

解析：句意：由于超过95%的水下王国未被勘探。when当……时候；while当……时候；since因为；既然； although虽然。根据题意，故选C。

9．A.areas 　　 B．widths

 C．amounts 　　 D．depths

解析：句意：它们的深度可以治愈许多疾病，解决许多问题。area面积；width宽度；广度；amount量；数量；depth深度；深处。根据“over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored” 超过95%的水下王国未被勘探。可知水下王国因为深度未被勘探。根据题意，故选D。

10．A.destroyed 　　 B．exploited

C．affected 　　 D．explored

解析：句意：然而，世界上多达40%的海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，导致污染、过度捕捞和沿海生物环境的丧失。destroy毁灭；exploit剥削；开采；affect影响；explore勘查；探测。根据“that result in pollution”造成污染。可知海洋受到人类活动的影响。根据题意，故选C。

11．A.ships 　　 B．vehicles

 C．cars 　　 D．travelers

解析：句意：其中一些来自通过我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，最后流入海洋。ship船；vehicle车辆；car汽车； traveler旅行者。根据“that use our rivers, lakes and seas”在河流、湖泊和海洋上，可推知是船只通行。根据题意，故选A。

12．A.much 　 B．many

C．some 　 D．little

解析：句意：但是每年都有大量的土地流入海洋。much许多；many许多；some一些； little不多；少许。根据题意，故选A。

13．A.individual 　 B．national

 C．common 　　 D．alternative

解析：句意：我们必须牢记，海洋的健康和安全是我们共同的责任，我们不能忽视这一责任。individual个人的；national国家的；common共同的；普通的；alternative替代的。根据“our”我们，可知这是我们共同的责任。根据题意，故选C。

14．A.Then 　 B．And

 C．So 　 D．Only

解析：句意：只有通过良好的管理，我们才能保障海洋的健康，确保海洋继续满足后代的需要。then然后；and和；so所以；only仅仅。根据“can we”句中使用倒装句，可推知使用only强调句。根据题意，故选D。

15．A.promise 　　 B．insure

C．foresee 　　 D．subscribe

解析：句意同上题。promise允诺；许诺； insure确保；保证；foresee预知；预见；subscribe订阅。根据题意，故选B。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2022·泰安市一模)

Amanda Kofoeds had found a strange lump in her arm one day and visited a doctor at a friend’s urging. During this time, she was enrolled in school for education and was currently uninsured due to the expense. She planned to save money so she could get on her husband’s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.

Her friends and family didn’t want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign. The group came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob(快闪行动)．The event started an outpouring of enormous generosity from the local community.

Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling.

In the time since, Amanda has enrolled in an insurance plan and has finished chemotherapy. Life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine.

Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelor’s degree in education. She is now a teacher. She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children.The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.

The couple said they feel blessed by the strong support. PassItOn wants to celebrate those heroes during the family’s darkest time. These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community.It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.

语篇解读：得了癌症的准大学生(阿曼达)，在家庭条件不是很富裕的情况下，打算推迟治疗把钱用于交学费。家人及朋友得知后发起了GoFundMe活动，帮助阿曼达筹集到了手术费并且癌症也得到了控制，最后她去大学读取学士学位。同时他们一家为表达感恩，成为志愿者帮助他人。他们也希望能够传递爱心、回报社会。

1．Why did Amanda Kofoeds postpone her treatment？__B__

A．She was admitted to a school.

B．Her family couldn’t afford the medical cost.

C．No good doctors could treat her cancer.

D．Her friends and family refused to assist her.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“to postpone her treatment due to the expense”可知，阿曼达推迟她的癌症治疗是因为她的家庭支付不起治疗费用。故选B。

2．What did her friends do to help Amanda Kofoeds？__A__

A．They started a donation flash mob.

B．They founded a community school.

C．They supported her through local hospitals.

D．They fought for assistance from the whole country.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The group came up with the creative idea... to participate in a donation flash mob(快闪行动)．”可知，这个组织发起了一个快闪捐款来帮助阿曼达。故选A。

3．What can we learn from Amanda Kofoeds’ story？__B__

A．Hard work pays off. B．The value of charity is great.

C．Education is the key to success. D．A friend is never known till a man has need.

解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，阿曼达因得到别人的慈善捐款，从而控制住了病情，并顺利完成学业。为回报社会，他们一家都积极参与志愿活动，希望把慈善爱心传递下去。通过她的故事可知，慈善的价值是巨大的。故选B。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2022·豫北名校联考定位考试)

Are people less or more happy when they get older? A study in 2018 found that people generally became happier and experienced less worry after the age of 50.In fact, it found that by the age of 85, people were happier with their life than they were at 18.

Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25.__1.D__

Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70’s. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70’s and 80’s. The survey also found that men and women had similar emotional patterns as they grew older.__2.G__

The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.

__3.A__ One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.

__4.E__ In another study, people in their 80’s reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep. The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems. __5.F__ But except for that, people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.

A．So why will happiness increase with age?

B．Researchers surveyed more than 150,000 American adults.

C．At that time, the people were between the age of 18 and 25.

D．Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50’s.

E．Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.

F．The survey did find an increase during middle age, especially in women.

G．However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担心。

解析：

1．考查上下文衔接。设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空前一句说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段，所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。故选D。

2．考查上下文衔接。该空前一句说的是随着年龄变大，男人和女人有相似的情绪模式，所以此处应接着说基于男女对比的研究发现。故选G。

3．考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首。根据后面的解释(一个理论认为，人变老时会变得对他们所拥有的事物更加感激，而且能更好地控制情绪。)可知，A项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？”符合语境。故选A。

4．考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可知，人们到了80多岁的时候，睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个好处。故选E。

5．考查上下文衔接。前一句说，有个流行的观点认为，随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题应该增加。而空后“But”表转折，故可推知此空和前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关。故选F。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2022·淮南市三第一次模拟)

The Terracotta Army figures’ excavation(发掘)is regarded as one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. They __1.had_lain__(lie) underground for more than 2000 years before farmers __2.digging__(dig) a well in 1974 uncovered what is now considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world. So the Terracotta Army Museum in Xi’an is a must-see. The dramatic exhibition __3.reveals__ (reveal) the secrets behind the 2,000-year-old army of clay statues that guarded the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China and founder of the Qin dynasty.

They are the incredible, mysterious tomb guardians, __4.whose__ discovery in 1974 made global headlines. To date, archeologists still haven’t uncovered all of their secrets. The vast stone army numbers some 8,000 __5.individually__(individual) crafted figures. Designed with an impressive level of detail, each figure is __6.a__ one-of-a-kind work of art. The life-sized sculptures vary __7.in__ height according to military ranking, with their uniforms, hairstyles, and even __8.facial__(face) shapes and expressions following suit. The Terracotta Army, __9.selected__(select) as one of Top 10 Things to Do in China, was regarded as the __10.eighth__(eight) wonder of the world and awarded as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 even if the inner tomb itself has yet to be excavated.

Anyway, if you are interested in Chinese history, the Terracotta Army Museum is an ideal choice that should be included in your schedule in China.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了秦始皇陵兵马俑被发现的过程，并对其组成和入选世界遗产名录的经历进行了介绍。

解析：

1．考查动词的时态。句意：在1974年农民挖井发现了现在被认为是世界上最伟大的考古遗址之一之前，他们已经在地下躺了2000多年。此处缺乏谓语，动词lie作“躺”之意，根据后文谓语uncovered时态用一般过去时可知，lie此动作发生在uncovered动作之前，即“过去的过去”，此处时态过去完成时(had done)。故填had lain。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。本句before farmers __2__(dig) a well in 1974 uncovered what…已有谓语uncovered且无连词，动词dig用非谓语形式，名词farmers和动词dig是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词(doing)表主动，作名词farmers的后置定语。故填digging。

3．考查动词的时态。句意：这一戏剧性的展览揭示了2000年历史的泥塑大军背后的秘密，这些泥塑守卫着中国第一位皇帝、秦始皇的陵墓。此处缺乏谓语，此处讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，本句主语The dramatic exhibition为单数，因此此处填动词第三人称单数形式。故填reveals。

4．考查定语从句。句意：他们是令人难以置信的神秘古墓守护者，1974年他们的发现成为全球头条新闻。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the incredible, mysterious tomb guardians，与从句主语discovery形成所属关系，即the incredible, mysterious tomb guardians’ discovery，此空作定语，用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。

5．考查副词。句意：庞大的石像部队有大约8 000个单独制作的雕像。此处用副词individually(单独地)作状语修饰过去分词crafted。故填individually。

6．考查冠词。句意：每一个人物的设计细节都令人印象深刻，是一个独一无二的艺术作品。此处泛指“一个独一无二的艺术作品”，one-of-a-kind以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。

 7.考查固定搭配。句意：这些真人大小的雕塑根据军衔高低而有所不同，制服、发型，甚至脸型和表情都与之相仿。固定搭配vary in...(在……方面有差异)。故填in。

8．考查形容词。句意同上题。此处用形容词facial(面部的)作定语修饰名词shapes and expressions。故填facial。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意：兵马俑被选为中国十大奇观之一，被誉为世界第八大奇迹，1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，尽管内墓本身还没有被发掘出来。本句已有谓语was regarded as且无连词，动词select用非谓语形式，主语The Terracotta Army和动词select是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填selected。

10．考查数词。句意同上题。此处意为“第八大奇迹”，因此填序数词eighth。故填eighth。