高考英语一轮总复习专题练习32 Unit 1 science fiction 新人教版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修第四册　UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2022·池州市普高质监)

In February 2021, the world knew Tessica Brown, a young woman who is now known as the Glue Girl. It is possible that she has made the most__1.B__ haircare mix-up in history. Instead of using her hair-care product, she took a can of strong glue by mistake and sprayed it all around her hair.

The__2.B__ was exactly what we might think: her hair became “a hard helmet”. It can’t be__3.D__ safely in any possible way at home. As her videos about the incident on the media gained millions of views, endless remarks __4.C__ .

Among those remarks, some people said that she made the mix-up on purpose to be__5.C__ online. “Now that she has become known as she expected, she __6.D__ the unpleasant results，” a netizen(网民)said. Countless followers arrived with even crueler __7.B__ . The poor woman cried in her videos, both for her hair and the harm from the Internet.

Fortunately, there were also people who showed their__8.B__. They believed she was not__9.D__ when she explained, “it is awful to have the glue in a place where it doesn’t __10.A__.” Some people even posted some hair-care products and glues with __11.C__ packages.

Have you ever seen someone who has posted their silly __12.A__ or even misfortunes online? Do you roil your eyes or feet sympathetic? The __13.D__ is in your own hands. What really matters is your independent thinking rather than following someone else blindly.

Finally, Brown__14.A__ herself from “the hard helmet” after a four-hour-long operation. Luckily, among cruelty, plenty of __15.D__ did offer some relief to her, and many others.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tessica Brown 误将强力胶水当成发胶喷到头发上，导致头发像一个“硬硬的头盔”，她将自己的不幸发到网上后网友们给出了不同的评论。有网友说她是因为想走红而故意为之，她因此饱受“胶水头盔”与恶意留言的双重伤害，所幸也有友好的人，给她各种支持和帮助。

1．A.fortunate　　　　　　　 B．unfortunate

C．beautiful　 D．experienced

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她可能是有史以来最不幸的将胶水与发胶弄混使用的人。 fortunate幸运的；unfortunate 不幸的； beautiful美丽的；experienced有经验的。通过下文可以知道 Tessica Brown 饱受“胶水头盔”之苦，所以这个混淆使用是“不幸的”。故选B。

2．A.reason　 B．result

C．belief　 D．discovery

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果就是我们可以想到的：她的头发变成了“坚硬的头盔”。 reason 原因； result 结果； belief信念； discovery发现。她将强力胶水喷到头上后，头发变得像“硬硬的头盔”一样，这是人们可以想到的结果。故选B。

3．A.replaced　 B．kept

C．returned　 D．removed

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有任何办法可以在家里安全地去除发胶头盔。 replace更换； keep保留； return退回，返回； remove去除，清除。“发胶头盔”在家不能被安全“去除”，这与下文的手术相呼应。故选D项。

4．A.ran away　 B．turned down

C．poured in　 D．faded away

解析：考查动词短语辨析。run away跑开； turn down拒绝，调低； pour in流入，灌入，大量地涌进来；fade away逐渐消失，褪色。很多人观看了视频，因此评论“大量涌来”。故选C。

5．A.positive　 B．foolish

C．famous　 D．quiet

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些评论中，有些人说她故意混淆使用发胶和胶水，只是为了在网上出名。 positive 积极的； foolish愚蠢的； famous著名的； quiet安静的。有些人认为她故意混淆使用发胶和胶水并将视频发到网上是为了在网上出名，下一句的known是提示词。故选C。

6．A.collects　 B．allows

C．respects　 D．deserves

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位网民说：“现在，她已经像她所期望的那样出名了，她应该承受这个糟糕的结果”。 collect收集； allow允许；respect尊敬； deserve值得，应受。有人认为她得到了她想要的名气，因此活该承受这个糟糕的后果。故选D。

7．A.likes　 B．comments

C．tips　 D．marks

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不计其数的追随者甚至带来了更加残忍的评论。 like喜好；comment评论； tip技巧，小费，尖端； mark标记，污点，记号。与前一句中的残忍的评论相比，有人给出了更残忍的“评论”，本段第一句的“remark”是提示词。故选B。

8．A.hate　 B．sympathy

C．pleasure　 D．question

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，也有一些人表示同情。 hate讨厌； sympathy同情； pleasure快乐； question问题。由fortunately(幸运的是)可知，也有人表现出了不同的反应，即他们同情这位女子。故选B。

9．A.crying　 B．doubting

C．admitting　 D．lying

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为当她解释这件事情时，她并不是在说谎。 cry哭泣；doubt怀疑； admit承认； lie撒谎。由上题的分析可知，这些人是同情这位女子的，因此他们认为她没有撒谎。故选D。

10．A.belong　 B．stay

C．put　 D．see

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在不属于胶水的地方放它真是太糟糕了。 belong属于； stay停留； put放； see看见。双引号里的内容是她在解释给网友事情是如何发生的，即胶水放在了本不属于它的地方。故选A。

11．A.classic　 B．various

C．similar　 D．different

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人甚至发帖晒出了一些带有相似包装的护发产品和胶水。 classic经典的，古朴的； various各种各样的； similar 相似的；different不同的。还有人发帖晒出一系列有着相似包装的护发产品和胶水，这是为了帮助证明女子可能弄混的原因所在。故选C。

12．A.mistakes　 B．advantages

C．suggestions　 D．benefits

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有没有见过有人在网上发布愚蠢的错误或者不幸的事情？ mistake错误； advantage优势； suggestion建议； benefit好处。女子将护发产品和胶水弄混，这是一个错误，misfortune是提示词，并且前文第一段也有mistake的出现。故选A。

13．A.rule　 B．problem

C．action　 D．choice

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：选择掌握在你自己的手中。 rule规则； problem问题； action行动；choice选择。对于别人的错误和不幸，你是翻白眼还是感到同情？这个“选择”在每个人自己的手里，每个人有自己的评价。故选D。

14．A.freed　 B．stopped

C．turned　 D．struggled

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，Brown经过四个小时的手术，将自己从“硬头盔”中解救出来。 free使(某人)自由； stop停止； turn转弯； struggle挣扎。她最后通过四个小时的手术使自己摆脱了“胶水头盔”的困扰，free...from...使……摆脱……，使……不受……。故选A项。

15．A.coldness　 B．happiness

C．sadness　 D．kindness

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在残忍的评论中，还有很多善意的评价让她，也让很多其他人，感到了一丝欣慰。 coldness冷酷，冷漠； happiness快乐； sadness悲伤； kindness善良。幸运的是，与残忍的评论相比还有很多善意的评价。故选D。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2022·日照市统考)

Singapore researchers say they have developed a form of “electronic skin” that can recreate a sense of touch. They hope their invention will give people with prosthetic hands (假肢) the ability to identify different objects.

The skin device measures 1 square centimeter. The system contains 100 small sensors that attempt to recreate things like texture(质地)，temperature and even pain. The researchers call the device Asynchronous Coded Electronic Skin (ACES), which can process information faster than the human’s nervous system. Machine learning methods trained the device to recognize 20 to 30 different textures. It can even correctly read Braille letters(布莱叶盲文) most of the time.

The system does not require the users’ movement to work. They just need to slide to feel texture. But in this case the skin, with just a single touch, is able to detect textures of different roughness.

A demonstration showed that the device could identify the difference between a soft ball and a solid plastic one.“When you lose your sense of touch, you essentially become numb and prosthetic users face that problem，” said Benjamin Tee, the leader of the research team.“So by recreating an artificial version of the skin for their prosthetic devices，they can hold a hand and feel the warmth and feel that it is soft.”

Tee said his idea for the device came from the movie Star Wars，when character Luke Skywalker loses his right hand and it is replaced with a robotic one. In the film, the new hand is able to experience touch sensations just like the real one.

The artificial skin technology is still going through experiments and development. But Tee said there had already been a lot of interest in the system, especially from the medical community. Tee said similar inventions that his team has developed include see-through skin that can repair itself when torn and a material for wearable electronic devices that gives off light.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新加坡研究人员开发出一种可以产生触觉的电子皮肤，这种人造皮肤就像真的皮肤一样。

1．What can we learn about the artificial skin in Paragraph 2？__B__

A．It is sensitive to high temperature.

B．It reacts faster than our nervous system.

C．It can recognize different objects.

D．It helps the users memorize Braille letters.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“which can process information faster than the human’s nervous system”可知，这种人造皮肤处理信息的速度比人类的神经系统还要快。故选B。

2．What can be inferred from Benjamin Tee’s words？__A__

A．The artificial skin feels like a real thing.

B．People with the artificial skin feel warm.

C．People don’t want to lose the sense of touch.

D．He is sympathetic toward the prosthetic users.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尤其是最后一句“So by recreating an artificial version of the skin for their prosthetic devices, they can hold a hand and feel the warmth and feel that it is soft.”可知，通过为他们的假体设备重新创造一种人造皮肤，他们握手时手能感觉到它的温暖和柔软。由此可推断，这种人造皮肤就像真的皮肤一样。故选A。

3．What inspired Benjamin Tee to create the artificial skin？__D__

A．The desire to help those in need.

B．The life of the disabled.

C．A dream of earning more money.

D．A scene from a famous movie.

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Tee said his idea for the device came from the movie Star Wars, when character Luke Skywalker loses his right hand and it is replaced with a robotic one.”可知，这个装置的想法来自电影《星球大战》中的场景。故选D。

4．Which word can best describe the artificial skin technology？__C__

A．Profitable.　 B．Stable.

C．Promising.　 D．Challenging.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Tee said there had already been a lot of interest in the system, especially from the medical community.”可知，已经有很多人对该系统感兴趣，尤其是医学界。所以说人造皮肤这项技术是很有前途的。profitable意为“有利可图的；有益的”；stable意为“稳定的；持重的；牢固的”；promising意为“有希望的；有前途的”；challenging意为“艰巨的；有挑战性的”。故选C。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2021·青岛市五月模考)

 One truth about modern life is that nobody has any time. __1.F__So let’s try a simple thought experiment. Imagine that you came into possession of a magical new set of technologies that could automate or promote every single part of your job.

__2.D__ Maybe you’d pick up a hobby, or have more children, or learn to relax and enjoy yourself in the additional leisure. But what if I told you that you wouldn’t do any of those things: You would just work the exact same amount of time as before.

__3.B__ But there are simple reasons for this.

Better technology means higher expectations—and higher expectations create more work. For most of history, humans were forced to suffer from their own dirty and unpleasant substances. Most families’ clothes were washed twice a year. The housework technologies that came into the world suddenly between the late-19th and mid-20th century created new norms(标准) of cleanliness—for our floors, our clothes, ourselves.

__4.C__ Automatic washers and dryers raised our expectations for clean clothes and encouraged people to go out and buy new shirts and pants; housewives therefore had more loads of laundry to wash, dry, and fold.

In short, technology made it much easier to clean a house to 1890s standards. __5.G__ They wanted a modern home—with dustless windowsills (窗台) and shiny floors—and this dustless shiny home required a 40-to-50-hour workweek, even with the assistance of modern tools.

A．You are wasting your time.

B．This might seem impossible.

C．New norms meant more work.

D．What would you do with the extra time?

E．That means you can have more time to relax.

F．Everybody is busy, burned out, and overloaded.

G．But by mid-century, Americans didn’t want that old house.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了为什么技术不断发展，人还是越来越忙的原因。

解析：

1．根据上一句“One truth about modern life is that nobody has any time.”可推测，接下来应该讲为什么人没有时间，承接上文。故选F。

2．根据上文内容“Imagine that you come into possession of a magical new set of technologies that could automate to promote every single part of your job.”和下文“Maybe you’d pick up a hobby”，此空承上启下，故推测询问：这些额外的时间你会干什么？故选D。

3．上文说到：假设你的工作自动化了或效率提高了，你还会和之前工作的时间一样长。此空应该表达不相信、不合理、不可能发生的意义。故选B。

4．根据下文内容：自动洗衣机和甩干机提高了我们清洁衣服的期望，鼓励了人们购买更多的衣服，于是家庭主妇有了更多的衣服要洗，甩干，整理。再结合上文提到家务技术创造了新标准，推测此空含义为：新的标准带来了更多的工作。故选C。

5．根据上一句：科技使清洁房子达到1890年的标准更容易了；以及下文介绍的他们想要的房子的样子。再结合文章大意，随着科技的进步，标准的提高，人的要求也随之变高。推测此空指他们不想要达到90年代标准的旧房子。故选G。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2022·岳阳市教学质检)

At Lowe’s, the home improvement chain, a“LoweBot” in some stores can answer simple questions, such as where to find items, and can assist with monitoring items in stock. These robots free up workers from routine tasks, __1.possibly__(possible) giving humans more time for customer interaction—but that’s only the beginning.

The real benefit of retail (零售) robots __2.is__(be) the opportunity to capture more detailed data about the products on the shelves and customer __3.buying__(buy) patterns, which can increase efficiency and accuracy in management.

The key is using retail robots as data-collectors within an Internet-of-Things (IOT), which is the best thought of as __4.a__ complex network of connected devices, objects, and sensors gathering large amounts of data. The data is analyzed in the cloud __5.or__ with edge computing, which uses nearby servers __6.to_lower__(lower) delay.

__7.With__ robots in stores, retailers already have the beginnings of a thorough IOT solution. As the robots move around the stores, photos __8.are_captured__(capture) of every shelf and passageway, which are then digitized and analyzed, helping managers to have a picture of out-of-stock goods and price.

Such detailed data is incredibly valuable in retail, where understanding and predicting consumer demand is essential. For example, Stitch Fix, __9.which__ provides just-for-you clothing choices for shoppers at home, boosts __10.its__(it) data science in multiple aspects of its business model, from product recommendation to goods management and fashion design.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在一些商店里，机器人可以取代人来回答一些问题，并且可以捕获一部分照片供商家分析。

解析：

1．考查副词。句意：这些机器人将工人从日常工作中解放出来，尽可能给他们更多的时间与客户互动，但这仅仅是开始。设空处修饰动词giving，应用副词。故填possibly。

2．考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：零售机器人的真正好处是有机会捕捉货架上的产品和客户购买模式的详细数据，这可以提高库存管理的效率和准确性。分析句子成分可知，句子的主语是The real benefit，是单数概念，且本句在陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填is。

3．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词patterns，说明被修饰词的用途或功能，应用动名词作定语。故填buying。

4．考查冠词。句意：关键是使用零售机器人作为物联网中的数据采集器，物联网被公认为是一个最好的由连接的设备、对象和收集大量数据的传感器组成的复杂网络。network为可数名词，此处泛指“一个复杂的网络”，且complex的读音以辅音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。

5．考查连词。句意：这些数据在云端或边缘计算中被分析，这样能够利用周边的服务器来减少延迟。根据句意可知，in the cloud与with edge computing之间为选择关系，应用or连接。故填or。

6．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“利用某物做某事”。故填to lower。

7．考查介词。句意：商店里有机器人，零售商已经开始有了一个彻底的物联网解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处是with的复合结构，宾语是robots，宾语补足语为in stores。故填 With。

8．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：由于机器人在店里四处走动，每个架子上和过道的细节的照片都能被捕获到。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语，此处为客观介绍，capture与主语photos之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，且photos为复数概念。故填are captured。

9．考查定语从句。句意：比如，能为待在家中的购物者提供专门为你的衣物选择的Stitch Fix，从其商业模式的各个方面促进它自己的数据科学，从产品推荐到物品经管和时尚设计。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Stitch Fix，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。

10．考查代词。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词词组data science，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。