英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试课时练习

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

(满分：100分　建议用时：50分钟)

第一部分　单项选择(10分)

(　　)1.Up to now, more than seven million people ________ by the drought.

A．are affected B．are affecting

C．have affected D．have been affected

(　　)2.He was so ________ in his work that he didn’t notice that it was already midnight.

A．devoted B．buried

C．occupied D．addicted

(　　)3.The fire lasted nearly two days, ________ nearly nothing valuable.

A．left B．to leave

C．leaving D．having left

(　　)4.The young man ________ his new car when an accident happened.

A．is driving B．drove

C．had driven D．was driving

(　　)5.At this point, it suddenly ________ me that I was wasting my time.

A．occurred B．struck

C．happened D．thought

(　　)6.It is said that the new timetable will ________ tomorrow.

A．come into effect B．have an effect on

C．in effect D．bring into effect

(　　)7.When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family ________ members always helped her.

A．who B．what

C．whose D．that

(　　)8.My father is the first person to ________ I will turn for help when I meet difficulties.

A．who B．whom

C．which D．that

(　　)9.The kind couple treated the girl as if she ________ their own daughter.

A．were B．has been

C．had been D．is

(　　)10.________ he went, he was warmly welcomed by local people.

A．Somewhere B．Nowhere

C．Anywhere D．Everywhere

【答案】1－5　DBCDB　6－10　ACBAD

第二部分　阅读(20分)

A

(2019浙江省诸暨中学高一上学期期中)

Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock.An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later.If it were not stopped, that long train, full of passengers, would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master,” Kate thought.But who was to go? She would have to go herself.There was no one else.

In wind and rain she started on her difficult way.Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des Moines River, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across Honey Creek. The storm had not washed this away, but there was no footpath across it.She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper(枕木)to sleeper.With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below.If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream.

At last－she never knew how long it had taken her－she felt solid ground under her feet.But there was no time to rest.She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. Unless she reached the station before the express did, many lives would be lost.

She did reach the station just as the train came into sight.Fortunately the station-master was standing outside. “The bridge is down! Stop the train! Oh, please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly.

The station-master went pale.He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light. He waved the red light as the train came into the station.It was not a second too early.

(　　)11.What did Kate decide to do?

A．Stop the express train.

B．Check the signal light.

C．Meet the passengers.

D．Visit the station-master.

(　　)12.Which of the following words best describes Kate’s journey?

A．Fruitless. B．Well-planned.

C．Pleasant. D．Risky.

(　　)13.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．The station-master was unhealthy.

B．Kate’s efforts paid off.

C．The train arrived later than usual.

D．The train failed to stop.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Kate冒险去火车站向站长报告桥坏了，阻止了火车前行，避免了一场灾难。

11．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“She would have to go herself. There was no one else. ”可知，Kate决定自己去阻止特快列车。

12．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream. ”可知，她小心翼翼地开始危险穿行，有时用手和膝盖，如果她滑倒，可能从枕木之间掉到湍急的小溪里。由此可知她的举动是冒险的。

13．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He waved the red light as the train came into the station. It was not a second too early.” 可知，当火车进站时，他挥了挥手中的红灯。故可以推断出，他们成功地阻止了火车，故Kate的努力产生作用了。

B

Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates.These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.

Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.

Scientists use seismic waves(地震波) to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪)to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.

To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3.0 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale：

4.0－Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by.Some people may not notice.

5.0－If you are in a car, it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break.

6.0－Items will fall off shelves.Walls in some houses may crack and windows break.Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.

7.0－Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.

8.0－Many buildings and bridges fall down.Large cracks in the earth.

9.0 and up—Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.

(　　)14.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen?

A．Your house might shake violently.

B．People might feel no shaking at all.

C．The family photo may fall off the wall.

D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.

(　　)15.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?

A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.

B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.

C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.

D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.

(　　)16.The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by______.

A．listing examples

B．giving explanations

C．making comparisons

D．offering data

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。

14．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中“5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break(如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎)．”可知，C项(如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，全家福可能会从墙上掉下来)有可能发生。

15．A　句义猜测题。根据上文“Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.” 可知，一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震，之后发生的称为余震。可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知画线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难区分”。

16．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake(这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震)．”主要为解释地震产生的原因，可知作者是通过解释原因的论证方式来解释有关地震的概念。

C

In a natural disaster: a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes.Minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death.Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen.They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.

On September 29,1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean.This was a very different result, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people.Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防)．

At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied.A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Emergency management officials must begin evacuations (疏散) well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money.The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million.After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.

The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities (复杂) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.

(　　)17.What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage?

A．To find out the cause of disasters.

B．To save people lives and reduce damage.

C．To prevent natural disasters happening.

D．To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction.

(　　)18.Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage?

A．Puerto Rico.

B．New Orleans.

C．Biloxi, Mississippi.

D．Galveston, Texas.

(　　)19.The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because ______.

A．their preparations were made in vain

B．the hurricane warning arrived rather late

C．the forecast hurricane did not hit the city

D．they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack

(　　)20.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The different ways of disaster prediction.

B．Technological advances in disaster prediction.

C．The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction.

D．The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，但目前预测技术还有局限。

17．B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，灾难预测的目的是为了挽救人民的生命和减少财产损失。故选B。

18．D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，加尔维斯敦，德克萨斯遭受了最严重的破坏。故选D。

19．A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，新奥尔良的城市居民不满意是因为飓风Georges并没有光临新奥尔良，而他们却花了巨资预防和疏散。故选A。

20．D 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，尽管它是为了挽救人民的生命财产，但目前预报技术还有局限。故选D。

第三部分　完形填空(15分)

(2020山东省潍坊市高一上学期阶段考)

LoAnna and Kris’ kids were playing outside on a sunny Saturday.Suddenly LoAnna heard a huge sound. She __21__outside to see a wide mud, sand, and rock thundering down the hill.She phoned Kris __22__and Kris sped back home.But traffic had come to a __23__.Kris had to run.

Suddenly, he heard a woman screaming for help.As he __24__the sound through mud, he only saw an arm reaching up, holding a boy.Kris kept her talking while __25__the wood, metal trapping the mother and child.Finally, he was able to __26__the baby.By this time, other citizens had made it to the site.With others taking the __27__in rescuing the woman, Kris continued his way home.

Soon, he heard a(n) __28__moan(呻吟) from the ruins again. The man buried was about twice Kris’ weight and, __29__, he’d have to wait for more help.Hearing a helicopter above, Kris climbed up on the roof, and led a rescuer to the trapped man. Once the rest of the helicopter crew arrived, Kris left to find his __30__. Hours later, Kris reached home. His truck was gone, and so were LoAnna and the others.He __31__cars and houses nearby to find other survivors and then walked back to the rescue team.Not long after he arrived, his truck came into __32__. LoAnna pulled over and ran to him.He hugged her tightly and spoke __33__, “Let’s go home.”

Over the next several weeks, 43 bodies were __34__. Just nine survivors were luckily pulled from the mud, all of them on that day.Kris was __35__by the Red Cross for his heroic deeds.

(　　)21.A.rushed B．wandered

C．jumped D．broke

(　　)22.A.immediately B．accidentally

C．cautiously D．deliberately

(　　)23.A.head　　 B．stop

C．conclusion D．point

(　　)24.A.recorded B．appreciated

C．analyzed D．followed

(　　)25.A.setting aside B．taking off

C．pulling away D．giving out

(　　)26.A.feed　　 B．free

C．comfort D．treat

(　　)27.A.lead　　 B．advantage

C．opportunity D．risk

(　　)28.A.frightening B．awkward

C．annoying D．painful

(　　)29.A.however B．therefore

C．moreover D．anyway

(　　)30.A.partners B．shelter

C．family D．belongings

(　　)31.A.replaced B．checked

C．moved D．repaired

(　　)32.A.effect　 B．sight

C．existence D．play

(　　)33.A.in peace　 B．on purpose

C．by chance D．with relief

(　　)34.A.received B．delivered

C．recovered D．cured

(　　)35.A.recognized B．employed

C．promoted D．greeted

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Kris在灾难发生后赶往家里的途中救助了很多人，在发现家人不在的情况下自己还加入营救队去救更多的幸存者。他的英雄事迹被红十字会赞扬。

21．A　根据“LoAnna and Kris’ kids were playing outside on a sunny Saturday. Suddenly LoAnna heard a huge sound.”可知，LoAnna的孩子们在外面玩，当她听到巨响，她害怕孩子们有危险发生，于是赶紧冲出去(rushed)查看。wandered徘徊；jumped 蹦跳；broke打碎。

22．A　根据“and Kris sped back home ”可知，她马上(immediately)给丈夫打电话。accidentally偶然；cautiously谨慎地；deliberately 故意地。

23．B　根据“Kris had to run.” 可知，发生灾难后，交通瘫痪(come to a stop)，丈夫不得不跑回家。

24．D　根据第二段“Suddenly, he heard a woman screaming for help. As he __24__the sound through mud, he only saw an arm reaching up”可知，他听到一名女士的求助声，他寻着(followed)声音走去只看到举着男孩的一双手。recorded记录；appreciated感激；analyzed分析。

25．C　根据空后的“the wood, metal trapping the mother and child”可知，Kris边与她说话边把困住他们的木头、石块拽到一边(pulling away)。setting aside 留出，驳回；taking off 起飞；giving out分发。

26．B　根据空前的“metal trapping the mother and child”可知，金属困住了妈妈和孩子，最终Kris使孩子自由了。feed 喂养；free使……自由；comfort 安慰；treat治疗。

27．A　根据“With others taking the __27__in rescuing the woman, Kris continued his way home. 可知，有其他人带头来营救那个女士，Kris就继续往家里赶去。take the lead 带头。

28．D　根据“moan(呻吟)from the ruins again”可知，灾难发生后从废墟里当然传出的是痛苦的(painful)呻吟声。frightening可怕的；awkward 尴尬的；annoying讨厌的。

29．B　根据“The man buried was about twice Kris’ weight and, __29__, he’d have to wait for more help.” 可知，被困住的男子比Kris重一倍胖，Kris一个人救不了，因此(therefore)他不得不等待更多的帮助。however 然而；moreover 而且；anyway 不管怎样。

30．C　根据第二段中的“With others taking the __27__in rescuing the woman, Kris continued his way home. ”可知，Kris正在赶往自己的家寻找家人(family)。partners 伙伴；shelter 避难所；belongings所属物。

31．B　他查看(checked)汽车、房屋，看看是否有幸存者。replaced 代替；moved移动；repaired修理。

32．B　根据“his truck came into __32__. LoAnna pulled over and ran to him” 可知，他的妻子开着卡车出现。come into sight 出现。

33．D　根据前面的“LoAnna pulled over and ran to him. He hugged her tightly”可知，终于看到妻子安然无恙，他如释重负(with relief)。in peace 和平地；on purpose故意地；by chance偶然地。

34．C　根据“Over the next several weeks, 43 bodies were __34__.”可知，有43具尸体被发现(即找到)(recovered)。received 收到；delivered 运送；cured 治愈。

35．A　Kris因为自己的英雄事迹被红十字会认可(recognized)。employed 雇用；promoted 提升；greeted 问候。

第四部分　语法填空(15分)

The powerful Hurricane Barry weakened but remained a weather nightmare on Tuesday.It 36.________ (strike) parts of Arkansas with at least six inches of rain and caused flash flooding that drowned 37.________animal shelter and killed a puppy.

Heavy rains were falling. The Humane Society of Clark County issued an SOS after flooding drowned its recently rebuilt shelter. “SOS！We are flooded. It’s on the 38.________(build)! ”the official said in a Facebook post. “We need help! Can any of you keep a dog 39.________two at your houses? Help！Help！Help！” Video from the scene showed wet dogs wandering loose in the shelter, the floor covered in water.Many offered their homes and yards 40.________the animals.A short time 41.________(late), the official posted an update on Facebook  42.________(say) foster homes (寄养家庭)have been found for all 72 dogs. “We are so blessed! People from all over have come to 43.________ (we)rescue.Donations.Cleaning.Fostering. It’s really 44.________ (impress).” the post said. After the rainfall, a ray of sunshine shone brightly in the states 45.________ the storm burst last week.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记述文。飓风袭击了阿肯色州，洪水淹没了当地的动物庇护所，各地的人们得知后纷纷踊跃捐款并自愿成为寄养家庭。

36．struck　考査时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，因此要用一般过去时。

37．an　考查冠词。“animal shelter”是单数可数名词。根据语境可知此处表示“一处，一个”，且 animal以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。

38．building　考查名词。此处表示“建筑物”，故用build的名词形式。

39．or　考查连词。此处表示“在你们家里养一到两只狗”，因此要用连词or，表示“或者”。

40．to　考査介词。此处表示“许多人把他们的家和院子提供给了动物”。 offer sth.to sb.意为“给某人提供某物”。

41．later　考查副词。此处表示“一小段时间以后”，因此填 later，表示“以后”。

42．saying　考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知这里用非谓语动词作定语，修饰“an update”，它与say之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词形式。

43．our　考查代词。句意：我们真幸运！各地的人都来救我们了。根据后面的名词 rescue可知，这里要用形容词性物主代词。

44．impressive　考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，表示“印象深刻的”。

45．where　考查定语从句。此为限制性定语从句，先行词是“the states”，且从句缺少状语，因此要用关系副词 where来引导。

第五部分　写作(40分)

第一节　单词拼写(5题，共5分)

46．A landslide is a kind of ________(灾害) which means a terrible large amount of earth and rocks falling down a cliff or the side of a mountain.

47．________(干旱) is the direct cause of reduction in crop production this year.

48．People with rich ________(智慧) can make sensible decisions and give good advice based on their experience and knowledge.

49．You’d better place your phone within your reach in case of an ________(紧急情况)．

50．Without ________(电) human life would be quite different today.

【答案】46.disaster　47.Drought　48.wisdom  49．emergency　50.electricity

第二节　完成句子(15分)

51．The pandemic has ________ ______ our daily lives.

疫情极大地影响了我们的日常生活。

52．The rescue team ______ ______ ______ look for the victims.

救援队努力搜救遇难者。

53．We need to ______ ______ ______ details.

我们需要注意细节。

54．They ______ ______ ______ ______ questions.

他们轮流问问题。

55．______ ______ ______ electric cars on the road is increasing.

路上的电动汽车数量在增加。

【答案】51.greatly affected　52.made efforts to

53．pay attention to　54.take turns to ask

55．The number of

第三节　书面表达(1题，共20分)

假设你是北京市某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对北京市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社写一封信，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。

1．过去家乡树木成林：如今人们毁林种地建房；

2．气候变化，土地沙漠化；

3．植树造林，人人有责。

注意：

1．词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Editor，

I’m a student at a middle school of Beijing._____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

Dear_Editor，

I’m a student at a middle school of Beijing. I’m writing to express my great concern for the environment in my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere. However, in order to build houses and grow more crops, people there cut down many trees. As time went by, the forests were seriously destroyed. Besides, because of climate changes it rains little now. As a result, sandstorms occur frequently, from which people suffer a lot. To prevent the process of desertification, I hope all the people can take good care of the forests and plant more trees. Then our living conditions will be improved little by little.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours，

Li_Hua