2021届全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（47）

2021全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（47） 富裕国家都在老龄化，但人口结构变化可能会分裂欧洲导读对于保加利亚的企业老板来说，招聘简直成了一场噩梦。招一名车床操作工（无论称职与否）需要六个多月的时间，可能还要付钱给职介所。年纪较大的熟练操作工纷纷退休，技能适配的年轻人少之又少，外迁人数居高不下，出生率持续走低，预计到2050年劳动人口还要缩减三分之一。  双语阅读 All across Europe, people are living longer and having fewer children. The same trends are, of course, seen in other rich countries, and many developing ones—but coping with them will be harder in Europe, because of its half-formed union where workers can move freely and many countries share a currency, but where there is no common fiscal policy or strategy to deal with ageing. 欧洲各地的人口寿命越来越长，生育率也都在降低。当然，其他富裕国家和许多发展中国家也存在相同的趋势。但在欧洲，应对这些趋势会更加困难，因为欧洲的工会不健全，工人可以自由流动；许多国家共用一种货币，却没有统一的财政政策或战略来应对老龄化。 Investors are well aware of some of Europe’s shortcomings. The sovereign-debtcrisis showed that converging inflation and interest rates did not, by themselves, ensure a sustainable currency union or integrated banking system. Wage bargaining, regulation and so on need to converge to stop imbalances between countries building up. Less well understood is that demography could also tear the union apart. 投资者都很清楚欧洲的某些不足。主权债务危机表明，只是让通胀和利率趋同并不能确保可持续的货币联盟或统一的银行体系。工资谈判、法规等都需要趋同，以阻止国家之间不断扩大的失衡。人们不太了解的是，人口结构也可能分裂欧盟。 Even though Europe receives more migrants than it loses, the UN projects that its population will fall by around 5% by 2050. By then the median European will be 47 years old, nine years older than at the turn of the century, and four years older than the median American. In 2015 there was about one person older than 65 for every four people of working age (ie, an old-age dependency ratio of around 25%). By 2050 there will be two, to America’s three. 尽管欧洲接收的移民数量超过其外迁人口的数量，但据联合国预测，到2050年，欧洲人口将减少5%左右。届时欧洲的中位年龄将为47岁，比本世纪之交时大九岁，比美国的中位年龄大四岁。2015年，欧洲每四个劳动年龄人口大约负担一名65岁以上老人（即老年人口抚养比约为25%），到2050年将变成两个负担一个，美国是三个负担一个。​Some countries will suffer even more. Spain and Italy are expected to lose more than a quarter of their workforce by 2050. Populations in the south and east are forecast to shrink by a tenth on average. With fewer workers, those countries risk seeing growth stagnate, even as rising spending on pensions and health services pushes up public debt. 一些国家的情况还将更严重。预计到2050年，西班牙和意大利的劳动人口将缩减超过四分之一。南欧和东欧的人口预计将平均缩减十分之一。随着劳动人口变少，这些国家可能将出现增长停滞，同时面临养老金和健康服务的支出增加推高公债的情况。1.risk doing 冒险做某事2.even as 在...之时；与此同时at the very same moment or in the very same way thateg:even as I spoke, it thundered由于养老金和医疗服务花费增高，所以政府要发行公债，但是由于知识受限，公债和经济增长的关系我并不确定，因此此处even as 按照柯林斯词典的英文释义翻译，也可能有些同学会翻译成转折关系，抛开这里的情况，大家在翻译之后可以看一下自己的翻译是否符合逻辑​ The 28 members of the European Union fall into three broad groups. Women in northern and western countries tend to have more children than the EU average (Germany is an exception). Though their fertility rates are below the 2.1 needed to sustaina population, high immigration means their populations have still grown. 欧盟的28个成员国可分为三大类。北欧和西欧国家女性的生育率往往高于欧盟平均水平（德国是个例外）。尽管这些国家的生育率低于维持人口所需的2.1，但大量移民涌入使得它们的人口仍在增长。 本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）原文标题：All of the rich world is ageing. But demography could tear Europe apart   词汇积累    1.sovereign-debt英 [ˈsɑːvrɪn det] 美 [ˈsɑːvrɪn det]n. 主权债务、外债、国债    2.converge英 [kənˈvɜːrdʒ] 美 [kənˈvɜːrdʒ]vi. 汇合、集中、（人群）聚集、（观点、目标）趋同    3.integrate英 [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt] 美 [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt]n. 一体化、集成体vt. 使...合并、使...融入（社会）、使...成为一体、取消种族隔离adj. 整合的、完整的    4. stagnate英  [ˈstæɡneɪt] 美 [ˈstæɡneɪt]vi. 停滞、阻塞、变萧条    5.sustain英  [səˈsteɪn] 美 [səˈsteɪn]vt. 维持、支撑、承担、忍受  词组搭配    1.build up   增进、加强、逐步建立    2.tear ... apart   使...分裂、把...弄乱、撕开    3.the turn of the century   本世纪初、世纪交接之时  写作句总结Less well understood is that demography could also tear the union apart.结构：Less well understood is that …人们不太了解的是…例句：Less well understood is that how to make people happy with depression than they do about just getting them to take their medicine.