2021全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（9）

2021全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（9） 优步等打车软件算法在非白人区的定价更高
导读优步(Uber)和Lyft等叫车公司用来确定车费的算法，似乎制造了一种种族偏见。  双语阅读 By analysing transport and census data in Chicago, Aylin Caliskan and Akshat Pandey at The George Washington University in Washington DC have found that ride-hailing companies charge a higher price per mile for a trip if the pick-up point or destination is a neighbourhood with a higher proportion of ethnic minority residents than for those with predominantly white residents. 华盛顿特区乔治华盛顿大学的爱琳·卡利斯坎和阿卡莎·潘迪通过分析芝加哥的交通和人口普查数据发现，如果起始点或目的地是少数族裔居民比例较高的社区，那么叫车公司收取的每英里费用要高于以白人为主要居民的社区。  Unlike traditional taxis, ride-hailing services have dynamic fares, which are calculated based on factors including the length of the trip as well as local demand – although it is unclear what other factors these algorithms take into consideration because ride-hailing companies don’t make all of their data available. 与传统的出租车不同，叫车服务是动态的计价标准，它是根据包括行程长度以及当地需求在内的因素来计算的--尽管目前还不清楚这些算法还考虑了哪些其他因素，因为叫车公司并没有提供所有的数据。  The researchers analysed data from more than 100 million trips taken in Chicago through ride-hailing apps between November 2018 and December 2019. Each ride contained information including pick-up and drop-off location, duration, cost and whether the ride was an individual or shared trip. The data doesn’t include demographic details such as the ethnicity of the rider. 研究人员分析了芝加哥地区2018年11月至2019年12月期间通过乘车应用超过1亿次出行的数据。每一次出行都包含了接送起终点、时长、费用以及是个人还是共享出行等信息。这些数据不包括人口统计学细节，如乘车人的种族。  The duo compared the trip data against information from the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, which provides aggregate statistics about neighbourhoods, including population, ethnicity breakdown, education levels and median house prices. 两人将此次旅行的数据与美国人口普查局)的美国社区调查的信息进行了对比。美国社区调查提供了有关社区的总体统计数据，包括人口、种族、教育水平和房价中值。against 并不只是 反对 的意思，大家要去看看具体的英文释义duo英 [ˈdjuːəʊ]  美 [ˈduːoʊ]n. 二重奏；二重唱；二人组  They found that prices per mile were higher on average if the trip pick-up or drop-off location was in a neighbourhood with a lower proportion of white residents, a lower median house price, or lower average educational attainment. 他们发现，如果出行接送起终点是在白人居民比例较低、房价中位数较低或平均受教育程度较低的社区，平均每英里的价格会更高。  本文节选自：New Scientist（新科学家）作者：Donna Lu原文标题：Uber and Lyft pricing algorithms charge more in non-white areas   词汇积累    1.ride-hailing英 /raɪdˈheɪlɪŋ/ 美 /raɪdˈheɪlɪŋ/n. 打车服务    2.algorithm英 /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ 美 /ˈælɡərɪðəm/n.[计][数] 算法，运算法则    3.duo英 /ˈduːoʊ/ 美 /ˈduːoʊ/n.二重奏；二重唱；二人组    4.aggregate英 /ˈæɡrɪɡət/ 美 /ˈæɡrɪɡət/n.合计；集合体；总计；集料adj.聚合的；集合的；合计的v.集合；聚集；合计    5.attainment英 /əˈteɪnmənt/ 美 /əˈteɪnmənt/n.达到；成就；学识  词组搭配    1.ethnic minority   少数民族    2.shared trip  共享出行  写作句总结Each ride contained information including pick-up and drop-off location, duration, cost and whether the ride was an individual or shared trip. 结构：… pick-up and drop-off location …接送起终点…例句：The pick-up and drop-off location of kindergarten school bus always stay the same.