外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science同步训练题

这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science同步训练题，共8页。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]Lighting ________ (accunt) fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US.
2．[2020·天津卷]And the crwd ________ (desire) nly the calm and restful average.
3．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Histrical ________ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
4．[2020·江苏卷]Feb 18: The daily number f newly ________ (cure) and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that f the newly cnfirmed cases.
5．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷] While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach ________ them.
6．[2020·浙江卷]These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led ________ significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
7．These days, I can't fall asleep because the cming final exam is putting great ________ (press) n me.
8．The wrld is ________ (flexible) than yu think and it's waiting fr yu t hammer it int shape.
9．When the Snw White came t herself, she fund ________ (she) surrunded by seven dwarves(矮人)．
10．It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Ⅱ.连词成句
becme a reality， instead f， as well as， in additin， thanks t， in terms f， be capable f， wrk as， develp int， lead t
1．The scenery in my hmetwn is very beautiful. ________________， yu can taste the delicius lcal fd.
2．I believe I ________________ handling the prblem.
3．He mved t England in 1980 and he ________________ a jurnalist there.
4．Thrugh years f effrts, ur cmpany ________________ ne f the largest cmpanies in Textile industry.
5．Ging t the mn, which was nce cnsidered fantastic in the past, ________________ already.
6．T ur surprise, the girl's luggage was filled with bks ________________ beautiful clthes.
7．It was his carelessness that ________________ his failure.
8．________________ salary, the jb is gd, but it is really stressful.
9．Helen ________________ I is eager t see the perfrmance tnight.
10．________________ yur help, we finished the wrk ahead f time.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dr Richard Fairhurst, 1.________ new bk The New Age f Inventin has just been published, is being interviewed.
Many peple might think the great age f inventin is ver. But he says there have been glden ages f inventin thrughut histry. The fur great 2.________ (inventin) in Ancient China—gunpwder, papermaking, printing and the cmpass—changed the wrld frever. Then there were the great Western inventins—the steam engine, the telephne and the radi. And nw, we find 3.________ (we) in the great new age f technlgy.
Dr Richard says mst f the new great inventins are techbased. In additin, imprtant advances 4.________ (make) in medicine and 5.________ (envirnment) science thanks t increasing cmputer pwer. Fr example, new inventins like 3D printers 6.________ (use) t make replacement hearts and bne parts. In terms f the envirnment, 7.________ is nw pssible t create an intelligent walking huse. It is capable 8.________ using GPS technlgy t travel t different places, with cmputing technlgy 9.________ (cntrl) its “legs”．What's mre, huge advances in slar technlgy mean it can be ec­friendly, t. He stresses that the real spirit f inventin is that we have an incredible desire 10.________ (think) and create.
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[2021·临沂模拟]The Indian gvernment may use 3D paintings as virtual speed­breakers n majr highways and rads, in an attempt t check speeding and careless driving，and eventually make its deadly rads a little safer. “We are trying ut 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers t avid unnecessary requirements f speed breakers，” India's transprt minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.
The visual illusins (幻象) are suppsed t encurage drivers t slw dwn autmatically. Earlier this mnth, India had rdered the remval f all speed breakers frm highways, which are cnsidered t be a danger t safety fr high­speed vehicles.
India has the highest number f rad accident deaths in the wrld. Accrding t the Wrld Health Organisatin, ver 200,000 peple are killed by rad accidents due t pr applicatin f rad safety laws. This is cnsiderably higher than its fficial figures f 141,526 fr 2014.
The use f visual illusins as speed breakers was first pineered in the American city f Philadelphia in 2008, as part f a campaign against speeding mtrists. The technique has als been tried ut in China t create flating 3D crssings.
In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crssings in the last ne year. In Ahmedabad fr instance, tw artists, mther and daughter have painted 3D crsswalks in the first few mnths f this year. The artists say their mtt is “t increase the attentin f drivers”， and that the cncept has been successfully tested in znes where accidents easily ccur n a highway.
Hwever, critics argue that nce drivers knw that these speed breakers are visual illusins, they may ignre them. Others als pint ut that India's decisin des nt cnsider the safety f a large number f walkers. In the end, the new plicy may be just ne step twards imprving rad safety.
1．Accrding t the passage, 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers in India aims t ______.
A．replace all speed breakers frm highways
B．encurage essential requirements f speed breakers
C．check speeding and careless driving n all highways
D．remind drivers t speed dwn vluntarily fr rad safety
2．What caused the high number f rad accident deaths in India?
A．Speeding mtrists.
B．Flating 3D crssings.
C．Free use f visual illusins.
D．Bad applicatin f traffic laws.
3．The authr explains the experiment f 3D zebra crssings in India by ______.
A．giving examples B．analysing causes
C．prviding figures D．making cmparisns
4．What's the authr's attitude twards 3D zebra crssings?
A．Subjective. B．Objective.
C．Supprtive. D．Critical.
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2021·潍坊模拟]Ask peple t name the wrld's tallest peak and anybdy with sund general knwledge will name Munt Qmlangma. But quiz them n its exact __1__ and many will be nt sure.
In 1975, Chinese surveyrs __2__ that Munt Qmlangma (Munt Everest) was 8848.13 meters high. As __3__ imprved, satellites, phtelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technlgies were __4__ t get mre exact figures. Of curse, smene still had t carry __5__ t what is the wrld's rftp.
In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qmlangma and fund that it was nt as high as that, as they __6__ the height t be 8844.43 meters. Scaling Qmlangma is n __7__ task. The average air temperature there is －29 degrees Celsius, even fur degrees __8__ than in Antarctica. The snw there is 4—5 meters thick and hurricane­like __9__ blw all the time. Team members were training t __10__ the extreme cnditins.
In a nutshell, measuring the Qmlangma's height is a tall rder, __11__ huge amunts f mney and human resurces. But it is wrth the __12__. Qmlangma is the perfect __13__ fr bserving crustal (地壳的)mvements. And changes t the peak's height culd __14__ whether the tw plates are heading tward r away frm each ther.
Besides, the cnditin f snw and ther natural materials at the tp is an indicatr f upcming climate change n the Tibet­Qinghai Plateau. That's __15__ measuring the Qmlangma's height is s significant. Put t gd use, it can benefit mankind.
1．A.lcatin B．appearance
C．area D．height
2．A.determined B．assumed
C．estimated D．admitted
3．A.cnditin B．technlgy
C．sciety D．ecnmy
4．A.emplyed B．expected
C．apprached D．inspired
5．A.weapns B．vehicles
C．instruments D．packages
6．A.changed B．calculated
C．extended D．expanded
7．A.glrius B．easy
C．admirable D．tugh
8．A.clder B．htter
C．higher D．lwer
9．A.snws B．rains
C．winds D．snwflakes
10．A.cpe with B．fight fr
C．take n D．carry ut
11．A.wasting B．spending
C．vercming D．invlving
12．A.effrt B．lss
C．harvest D．achievement
13．A.channel B．windw
C．slutin D．entrance
14．A.measure B．fresee
C．indicate D．expse
15．A.where B．hw
C．why D．whether
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2021·济南模拟]Risha lved schl. Hwever, there was ne class Risha wrried abut mre than any ther—art. She didn't knw why she just wasn't any gd at drawing, painting, r cutting.
Ms. Clay, the art teacher, std at the frnt f the rm. “Class, next Friday ur schl is ging t have an art cmpetitin，” she annunced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Risha liked her a lt. But this annuncement made Risha nervus. “Everyne in the schl will create a piece f artwrk t shw in the library. Yu can use the different types f artwrk we have been studying.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spke while Risha fund herself sinking lwer in her chair.
Risha had the whle weekend t wrk n her prject, but she culd nt think f anything t d. On Mnday, Risha felt frightened, s after schl Risha asked Ms. Clay if she culd write an art paper instead f ding an art prject.
“I understand this prject scared yu, Risha，” Ms. Clay said. “Just remember, yu can creat any kind f art yu want.” Ms. Clay smiled at her. “Art is a persn's way f expressing his r her feelings—it isn't always painting, drawing, r cutting. I knw yu will think f smething very creative, and I can't wait t see it.”
When Risha arrived hme, she tk ut a piece f paper and a pencil. She remembered Ms. Clay's wrds. “Art is a persn's way f expressing his r her feelings.” Risha wrte the wrd “terrified” n her paper. She crumpled the paper and threw it t the side f her desk.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Then Risha stared at the crumpled ball.
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On Friday, Risha carefully carried her prject int the library.
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参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．accunts 2.desires 3.accuracy 4.cured 5.t 6.t
7．pressure 8.mre flexible 9.herself 10.that
Ⅱ.连词成句
1．In additin 2.am capable f 3.wrked as 4.has develped int
5．has becme a reality 6.instead f 7.led t 8.In terms f
9．as well as 10.Thanks t
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．whse 2.inventins 3.urselves 4.have been made
5．envirnmental 6.have been used 7.it 8.f 9.cntrlling
10．t think
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1．D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Indian gvernment may use 3D paintings as virtual speed­breakers n majr highways and rads, in an attempt t check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly rads a little safer”可知，印度政府用3D图画作为主要路段的减速器目的是提醒司机自动地减速从而使公路更安全。故选D。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Accrding t the Wrld Health Organisatin, ver 200,000 peple are killed by rad accidents due t pr applicatin f rad safety laws.(根据世界卫生组织统计数据，道路安全法规的不规范实施每年导致20多万印度人死于交通肇事。)”可知，故选D。
3．A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The use f visual illusins as speed breakers was first pineered in the American city f Philadelphia in 2008, as part f a campaign against speeding mtrists. The technique has als been tried ut in China t create flating 3D crssings.”可知，作者通过例子来解释3D斑马线的实验。故选A。
4．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, critics argue that nce drivers knw that these speed breakers are visual illusins, they may ignre them. Others als pint ut that India's decisin des nt cnsider the safety f a large number f walkers. In the end, the new plicy may be just ne step twards imprving rad safety.(不过，也有人持反对意见，因为司机一旦熟悉这种3D斑马线带来的幻觉，他们就可能会直接忽略这些装置。还有人指出，印度政府的决定没有考虑到广大行人的安全。这种提高道路安全的新政策可能只是一时有效而已。)”可知，作者以客观的态度去认识3D斑马线。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
1．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你问他们它的确切高度，很多人都不会确定。A.lcatin位置；B.appearance外貌；C.area地区；D.height高度。根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。
2．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1975年，中国测量员确定珠穆朗玛峰(Munt Qmlangma)为8848.13米高。A.determine确定；B.assume假设；C.estimate估计；D.admit承认。根据下文“As __3__ imprved, satellites, phtelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technlgies were __4__ t get mre exact figures.”应用先进的科技去进行进一步的测量可知，此空指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。
3．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A.cnditin条件；B.technlgy技术；C.sciety社会；D.ecnmy经济。根据下文的“satellites, phtelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technlgies were __4__ t get mre exact figures.”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B。
4．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A.emply运用；B.expect期望；C.apprach接近；D.inspire鼓舞。根据下文的“t get mre exact figures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。
5．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，仍然要有人要携带一些设备到世界屋脊。A.weapn武器；B.vehicle交通工具；C.instrument设备；D.package包裹。根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。
6．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，一个中国团队测量了珠穆朗玛峰，发现它并没有那么高，因为他们计算的高度是8844.43米。A.change改变；B.calculate计算；C.extend延伸；D.expand扩大。根据上文“In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qmlangma and fund that it was nt as high as that”以及下文“the height t be 8844. 43 meters.”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。
7．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰并非易事。A.glrius光荣的；B.easy容易的；C.admirable令人钦慕的；D.tugh艰难的。根据下文“The average air temperature there is －29 degrees Celsius, even fur degrees __8__ than in Antarctica.”可知，攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B。
8．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里的平均气温为－29摄氏度，甚至比南极洲低4摄氏度。A.cld冷的；B.ht热的；C.high高的；D.lw低的。根据­29 degrees Celsius可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D。
9．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的雪有4至5米厚，像飓风一样的风一直在吹。A.snw雪；B.rain雨；C.wind风；D.snwflak雪花。根据下文的blw可知，此处表示风。故选C。
10．A 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：队员们正在接受为极端条件而战的训练。A.cpe with应付；B.fight fr为……斗争；C.take n承担；D.carry ut实施。根据the extreme cnditins.可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练的目的是为了应付珠峰的极端条件。故选A。
11．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的财力和人力，但值得付出努力。A.waste浪费；B.spend花费；C.vercme克服；D.invlve涉及。根据“huge amunts f mney and human resurces”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。
12．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的人力和物力，但值得付出努力。A.effrt努力；B.lss损失；C.harvest丰收；D.achievement成就。根据下文最后一段的“Put t gd use, it can benefit mankind”，如果使用得当，它可以造福人类可知，这项任务值得去努力做。故选A。
13．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：珠穆朗玛峰是观察地壳运动的最佳窗口。A.channel频道；B.windw窗口；C.slutin解决办法；D.entrance入口。根据下文“bserving crustal (地壳的)mvements”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。
14．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：峰顶高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。A. measure测量；B. fresee预见；C. indicate表明；D. expse暴露。珠峰两次测量高度的变化，就表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。故选C。
15．C 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是如此重要。A. where哪里；B. hw怎样；C. why为什么；D. whether是否。本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。
Ⅲ.读后续写
参考范文：
Then Risha stared at the crumpled ball. It reminded her f a snwball. Suddenly an idea struck her. Why nt create a winter wnderland ut f crumpled paper? Risha didn't have t draw r paint r even cut. Risha made many paper balls, glued them all tgether, and placed them n a big piece f hard paper t frm a snwman. The snwman wre a hat made f black paper and a scarf made f red paper. Her finished prject was really wnderful.
On Friday, Risha carefully carried her prject int the library. She nticed the smile and the nds frm teachers and ther students as she put her wrk n a table. Ms. Clay walked ver t Risha.“Yu have created a creative piece f artwrk. I am s prud f yu！” Ms. Clay said. Risha was prud f herself t. Her pride grew when Ms. Clay placed a first­place star n her artwrk. “Maybe I am a gd artist after all，” Risha thught.