新疆和硕县第二中学2021-2022学年七年级上学期期末考试数学试题(word版 含答案)
展开2021-2022学年第一学期期末考试试卷
七年级数学(问卷)
注意事项:
1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
| 一、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题4分,共32分) |
1.在﹣(﹣2),1,0,﹣1这四个数中,负数是( )
A.﹣(﹣2) B.1 C.0 D.﹣1
2.据统计,2021年和硕县人口总数约为5.8万人.将数据5.8万用科学记数法表示为( )
A.58×104 B.5.8×104 C.0.58×103 D.5.8×105
3.某几何体从三个方向看到的平面图形都相同,这个几何体是( )
A. B. C. D.
4.下列运算中,正确的是( )
A.2a2+3a3=5a5 B.3x+3y=6xy
C.3mn﹣3nm=0 D.7x﹣5x=2
5.若x=﹣1是关于x的方程2x+m=1的解,则m+1的值是( )
A.4 B.2 C.﹣2 D.﹣1
6.将“祝你考试成功”这六个字分别写在一个正方体的六个面上.若这个正方体的展开图如图所示,则在这个正方体中,与“你”字相对的字是( )
A.考 B.试 C.成 D.功
7.一艘轮船从A港顺流行驶到B港,比它从B港逆流行驶到A港少用3小时,若船在静水中的速度为
26千米/时,水流的速度为2千米/时,求A港和B港相距多少千米.设A港和B港相距x千米.根
据题意,可列出的方程是( )
A. B.
C. D.
8.若21=2,22=4,23=8,24=16,25=32…,则22022的末位数字是( )
A.2 B.4 C.8 D.6
| 二、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分) |
9.要把一根细木条固定在墙上,至少需要钉两个钉子,其中蕴含的数学道理是 .
10.如图所示,一副三角板(直角顶点重合)摆放在桌面上,若∠AOC=125°,则∠BOD= .
11.如图所示是计算机某计算程序,若开始输入x=2,则最后输出的结果是 .
12.代数式3x﹣8与3互为相反数,则x= .
13.若| b﹣2 | +(a+3)2=0,则(a + b)2022的值为 .
14.某种商品的标价为120元,若以九折降价出售,仍可获利20%,设该商品的进货价为x元,可列
方程为 .
三、解答题(本题共7小题,共50分)
15.计算(共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)
(1)(﹣12)﹣(﹣20)+(﹣8)﹣15 (2)(﹣1)4 + 16 ÷(﹣2)3﹣| 1﹣3 |
16.解方程(共2小题,每小题5分,共10分)
(1)6x﹣7 = 4x﹣5 (2) = 1﹣
17.(6分)先化简,再求值:4xy﹣(2x2+5xy﹣y2)+2(x2+3xy),其中x=﹣2,y=1.
18.(6分)如图,线段AB=8cm,C是线段AB上一点,AC=3.2cm,M是AB的中点,N是AC的中点,
求线段MN的长.
19.(6分)如图,已知∠AOB=90°,∠BOC=60°,OD平分∠AOC.求∠BOD的度数.
20.(7分)和硕县家庭用水收取水费规定如下:若每年每户用水不超过144立方米,每立方
米水价按1.8元收费;若超过144立方米,其中没超过144立方米的部分仍按每立方米
1.8元收费,超过144立方米的部分按每立方米2.7元收费.
(1)若小龙家2021年用水148立方米,应交水费多少元?
(2)若小龙家2020年的水费平均每立方米2.1元,那么他家这一年共用了多少立方米的水?
21.(7分)如图,M是线段AB上一点,且AB=10cm,C,D两点分别从M,B同时出发,
以1cm/s、3cm/s的速度沿直线BA向左运动,运动方向如箭头所示(C在线段AM上,
D在线段BM上).
(1)当点C,D运动了2s,求这时AC + MD的值.
(2)若点C,D运动时,总有MD =3AC,求AM的长.
2021-2022学年第一学期期末考试试卷
七年级数学答案
一、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题4分,共32分)
题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
答案 | D | B | C | C | A | B | A | B |
二、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分)
9. 两点确定一条直线 10. 55° 11. 22
12. 13. 1 14. 120×0.9 - x = 20%x
三、解答题(本题共7小题,共50分)
15.计算(共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)
(1)解:原式= -12 + 20 - 8 -15··············································1分
=﹣15·······················································4分
(2)解:原式= 1 + 16 ÷(-8)-2···········································1分
=1+(﹣2)﹣2···············································2分
=﹣3························································4分
16.解方程(共2小题,每小题5分,共10分)
(1)解:移项,得 6x﹣4x=﹣5+7·······································2分
合并同类项,得 2x=2·········································4分
系数化为1,得 x=1··········································5分
(2)解:去分母,得 2(4x﹣1)= 6﹣(3x﹣1)························1分
去括号,得 8x﹣2=6﹣3x+1··································2分
移项,得 8x+3x=6+1+2······································3分
合并同类项,得 11x=9·······································4分
系数化为1,得 x= ·······································5分
17.先化简,再求值(6分)
解:原式= 4xy - 2x2 - 5xy + y2 + 2x2 + 6xy·····································2分
=5xy + y2························································4分
当x=﹣2,y=1时
原式 = 5×(﹣2)×1 + 12··········································5分
=﹣9····························································6分
18.解:∵M是AB的中点,AB=8cm,
∴AM=BM=4cm····················································2分
∵N是AC的中点,AC=3.2cm,
∴AN=CN=1.6cm····················································4分
∴MN=AM﹣AN
=4﹣1.6
=2.4cm························································6分
19.解:∵∠AOB=90°,∠BOC=60°,
∴∠AOC=∠AOB+∠BOC=150°······································2分
∵OD平分∠AOC,
∴∠AOD= ∠AOC=75°···········································4分
∴∠BOD=∠AOB﹣∠AOD=15°·····································6分
20.(1)解:144×1.8 + 2.7×(148-144)······································1分
=259.2+10.8
=270(元)·····················································2分
答:小龙家2021年应交水费270元.·······································3分
(2)解:设小龙家2020年共用了x立方米的水································4分
列方程得: 2.1x = 144×1.8+2.7(x-144)
解得 x=216····················································6分
答:小龙家2020年共用了216立方米的水.·································7分
21.(1)解:当点C,D运动了2s时,CM=2 cm,BD=6 cm,···················1分
∵AB=10cm,CM=2cm,BD=6cm,
∴AC+MD=AB﹣CM﹣BD=10﹣2﹣6=2 cm;························3分
(2)解:∵C,D两点的速度分别为1cm/s,3 cm/s,
∴BD=3CM.····················································4分
又∵MD=3AC,
∴BD+MD=3CM+3AC,即BM=3AM,······························6分
∴AM= AB=2.5cm.············································7分
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