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人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section B教课内容课件ppt
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这是一份人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section B教课内容课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Revision ，for，since，即学即练，Homework 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1a Lk at the things at the yard sale. D yu have any f these things at hme? Hw lng have yu had them?
Language Gal:Talk abut pssessins and things arund yu.
1b Listen and check (✓) the facts yu hear.
____ Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.____ Amy thinks its hard t sell her ld things.____Jeff has had his bike fr mre than 10 years.____ Amy wants t keep her ld things because they bring back sweet memries. ____ Yu can als give ld things away t peple in need.
Amy： Yu have sme great things at this yard sale, Jeff.Jeff： Thanks, Amy. Our family has cllected s many things ver the years, but we dn’t use them anymre.Amy: But isn’t it hard t sell sme f yur things? There are many things I’ve had since I was a child. I dn’t think I culd sell them.Jeff: Yes, its hard t say gdbye t certain things.Amy: By the way, hw lng have yu had that bike ver there?
Tape scripts
Jeff: I’ve had it fr three years! I learned hw t ride a bike n it.Amy: Old things really bring back sweet memries. But it’s true that we may never use sme f these things again.Jeff: Yes, like ld tys r bks yu’ve already read. Yu can sell thse, r yu can als give them away t kids r peple wh need them.Amy: Oh! Hw much is this bk?Jeff：Yu can have it fr 75 cents.
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,befre,yet等状语连用。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与fr或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
have breakfast
I have just had my breakfast.
I’m nt hungry nw
mved herein 2004
I still live here
I have lived here fr three years.
I have lived here since 2004/three years ag.
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing fr five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: cme, g , leave, arrive, buy, lse, receive, jin, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与fr …, since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when she came in 等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, smetimes, always, ften, befre, nce, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：tday, this mrning, this week, this year等)连用。
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
5. have been in, have been t 与have gne t 的用法
(2). Have (has) been t 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。如：I’ve just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been t 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。如：I've been t Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: —Where is Tm? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gne t the bkshp. 他到书店去了。
例如：He has gne t Hng Kng. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been t Hng Kng. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)
fr 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
fr与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）fr后须接“时间段” He has studied English fr five years. 他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
（3）二者可以转换 fr + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ag He has been here fr five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ag. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
如：He has taught here since he came t China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in schl.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而fr则不能。
（5）现在完成时常用句型：①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is fur days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been tw years since Jim came t Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (secnd…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been t China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bught this cmputer since fur years ag. (×)I have had this cmputer since fur years ag. (√)I haven’t bught anything fr tw mnths.(√ )I haven't heard frm him fr 3 weeks. (√)
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
leave — be away brrw — keepbuy — have begin/start — be ndie — be dead finish --- be verpen sth — keep sth pen fall ill — be ill
get up—be up, cme here — be here,jin — be n +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,g there — be there, becme — be, cme back—be back, fall asleep — be asleep,
get t/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away frm, get t knw — knw, g (get) ut —tie ut， put n—wear, catch a cld —have a cld, get married—be married 等。
The ld man died 4 years ag.— The ld man has been dead fr 4 years. It is 4 years since the ld man died.—Fur years has passed since the ld man died. He jined the Party 2 years ag.—He has been in the Party fr 2 years.I bught the bk 5 days ag.—I have had the bk fr 5 days.
（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用 hw lng提问。
—Hw lng have yu had this bk? 这本书你买多久了?—Fr a week./Since a week ag. 买一周了。
选择fr或since填空：I have been here _____five mnths ag.2. He has been a sldier ____ abut tw mnths.3. Great changes have taken place _____ yu left.4. His grandpa has been dead ____ ten years.5. I have studied English ______ I was 12 years ld.6. It is tw years _________ I became a pstgraduate student.
练习题: It's a lng time since we ____ (meet) last, isn’t it? 2. --I knw yu ___________ (chse) a picture bk amng these. --Yes, Have a lk at it, please. 3. S far, spaceships withut peple ___________ (reach) the mn and sme ther parts f the universe. 4. My father____ hme fr nearly three weeks. A. has gne away frm B. has left C. has been away frm D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_____ in China fr a week. A. been B. gt C. arrived D. reached
have reached
1c Practice the cnversatin. Then make cnversatins abut ther things in the picture abve.
A: This is a really ld bk.B: Yes, I’ve had it fr seven years. I’ve read it three times. A: Why are yu selling it?B: Because I dn’t read it anymre.A: Hw much is it?B: Yu can have it fr 75 cents.
2a Listen and check (✓) the things Amy's family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping.
bk magazine ty bear ty lin ty tiger bread maker sweater dress hat scarf
2b Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Amy has had her favrite _____ fr three years.2. Amy has had the ty ______ since she was a _______.3. Amy’s mm has had the ld bread maker fr mre than ______ years,4. Amy can give away the _______ and ______ because they d nt fit her anymre.
Mm: Let’s lk thrugh this bx f ld things and decide what t give away.Amy：I think I want t keep this bk. I’ve had it fr three years. Even thugh I’ve already read it twice, it’s still my favrite bk. But we can give away the magazine.Mm: What abut these sft tys?Amy: I want t keep the bear because I’ve had it since I was a baby. It has special meaning t me because Grandma gave it t me.
I’ll give away the lin and tiger.Mm: OK. And this ld bread maker f mine can g, t. I’ve had it fr mre than 10 years. Aunt Taylr bught a new ne fr me last week.Amy: That’s great. We can still have hmemade bread. And I can give away this sweater and dress, t. They dn’t fit me anymre. But I want t keep the hat and scarf fr ice skating.Mm: Great. Yu can take these things t the children’s hme tmrrw then.
A: Amy, can we give away these sft tys? B: Mm, I want t keep the bear.A: Why? It’s s ld.B: Because I’ve had it since I was a baby.
2c Student A is Amy's mm. Student B is Amy. Make cnversatins.
2d Rle-play the cnversatin.
Linda: Welcme t the Sunshine Hme fr Children. I’m Linda.Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have sme things fr the kids. I’ve had this magazine fr a cuple f mnths. The stries inside may be a bit ld, but they re still interesting.Linda: Great! Many children here lve reading.
Amy: And check ut these sft tys and bard games fr yunger kids. I’ve had them since I was a child. There’s als a sweater and a dress.Linda: Perfect! We always need tys and clthes.Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mms had it fr a lng time but it still wrks.Linda: Thanks s much!
3a Read the article written by a father fr a newspaper. What is his family ging t sell at the yard sale?
My children are grwing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my by is already in junir high schl. As they get bigger ur huse seems t get smaller. S we want t sell sme f ur things in a yard sale and give the mney t a children’s hme.
We have already cleared ut a lt f things frm ur bedrms. We have decided t each sell five things that we n lnger use. My sn was quite sad at first. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys fr a lng time, he still wanted t keep them. Fr example, he has wned a train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven. And he did nt want t lse his ty mnkey, either.
He slept next t the mnkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was mre understanding, althugh she als felt sad t part with certain tys. As fr me, I did nt want t give up my ftball shirts, but, t be hnest, I have nt played fr a while nw. I am getting lder, t!
3b Read the article again and answer the questins.1. Why did they decide t have a yard sale?2. What d they want t d with the mney frm the sale?3. Why des the sn want t keep his train and railway set?4. Hw can the ld tys be useful again?5. Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise?
Why did they decide t have a yard sale?2. What d they want t d with the mney frm the sale?3. Why des the sn want t keep his train and railway set?
As their children get bigger their huse seems t get smaller.
They want t gave the mney t a children’s hme.
Because he has wned the train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven.
4. Hw can the ld tys be useful again?5. Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise?
They can give away the ld tys t peple in need r sell them fr mney.
Students’ answers.
3c Find the wrds r phrases in the article which can be replaced with the nes belw and write them next t the wrds.
lse — ________ kids — ________truthful — __________ many — ________sme time— ________ even thugh — _______ quickly— ______ lder — ______
1. Lk at the things at the yard sale.
yard sale 庭院旧货出售这是国外的一种风俗，也是一种独特的售货方式。人们利用周末，将家中搁置不用的物件放在自家庭院中廉价出售，因而被称作yard sale，也可译作“庭院拍卖会”。
Language pints
庭院售卖的物品种类繁多，应有尽有，大到家具、电器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。 这些物品虽多数为二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且价钱合理公道，甚至还可讨价还价 正是这种低廉、公道的价格及买家淘宝和碰大运的心理，使得yard sale广受欢迎，逐渐 演变成一种独特的文化现象。
副词anymre亦可写作any mre，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）； (不）再”。nt ••• anymre 相当于 nt ••• any lnger，
2. Because I dn’t read it anymre. 因为我不再看它了。
例如：Yu can have it, fr I dn’t need it anymre.你可以把它拿走，因为我不再需要它了。 The dctr tld me nt t play cmputer games anymre.大夫叫我别再玩电脑游戏了。
3. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。
since(自从……）常常引导短语或从句，用于现在完成时的句子中。since引出从句 时，从句中一般使用过去时。
再如：I’ve had these sft tys since I was a child.我还是个孩子的时候就有这些毛绒玩具了。 Since that unfrtunate accident last week, I haven't been sleeping at all well.自从上 周发生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。
4. I’ve had this magazine fr a cuple f mnths. 这本杂志我买 了几个月 了。
1）a cuple f 有两种意思：其一，表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体；其二，表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文 和具体的语境而决定。例如：
Yu have t wait fr a cuple f hurs fr the clthes t dry cmpletely.你得等上一 两个小时让这些衣服完全干燥。Lk! There are a cuple f bys waiting fr yu at the dr.瞧!门 口有两三个男 孩正在等你。
2）介词fr也常用在现在完成时的句子中，后面引出表示时间的词或短语，说明某 种情况已经持续了一段时间。再如：Jeff has had his bike fr mre than 10 years.杰夫已经拥有他的自行车超过10年了。
5. We have decided t each sell five things that we n lnger use. 我们决定每人出 售五件不再使用的物品。
(1)此句中we n lnger use是由that引导的定 语从句，修饰前面的名词five things。(2)句中n lnger的意思是“不再；不复”，有时可用nt... any lnger或nt... anymre替换。再如：
He n lnger lives here. (= He desn't live here anymre / any lnger.)他不再住这 儿了。3) each在句中对we进行限定，表示“(两个或 两个以上的人或物中）各自；每个”。 再如：My sister and I each have an English-Chinese dictinary.我和姐姐各有一本英汉词典。
t be hnest是英语口语中一个常用表达，表示“说实话；老实说”。英语中类似的 表达还有：t be frank,意思是“坦率地说”。例如：T be hnest, I dn’t like him very much.老实说，我不太喜欢他。T be perfectly frank, I think that’s a crazy idea.坦白相告，我认为那是个荒唐的主意。
6.…but, t be hnest, I have nt played fr a while nw. 但是, 说实在的, 现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。
I’ve already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his hmewrk. 3. Mum’s cked the dinner.4. Susan’s learned English at schl.
Have yu already had dinner?
Has he just finished his hmewrk?
Has mum cked the dinner?
Has Susan learned English at schl?
一 把下列句子改为一般疑问句。
二 选用fr和since填空:1.We haven’t seen each ther ______ a lng father has been in the factry ______ 10 years film has been n ______ 20 Green has wrked here ______ he came t grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It’s five years _______ we met last time
三 动词填空：1._____ yu ________(clean) the rm? Yes, we __________(d) that already. When _______ yu ______(d) it? We _______(d) it an hur he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. Hw many times _____yu ______( cme) here? Once.
4. I __________ (read) the nvel twice. It’s interesting.5. She ___________ (g) t Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. Hw ______ she _______(g) there? She _______(g) there by air.6. S far, many cuntries ______________(develp) their sftware Chen ______(give) up smking last yu ever _______(ride) a hrse? ________( keep) the bk since tw days ag.
have develped
Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise? Discuss with yur classmates.
1a Lk at the things at the yard sale. D yu have any f these things at hme? Hw lng have yu had them?
Language Gal:Talk abut pssessins and things arund yu.
1b Listen and check (✓) the facts yu hear.
____ Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.____ Amy thinks its hard t sell her ld things.____Jeff has had his bike fr mre than 10 years.____ Amy wants t keep her ld things because they bring back sweet memries. ____ Yu can als give ld things away t peple in need.
Amy： Yu have sme great things at this yard sale, Jeff.Jeff： Thanks, Amy. Our family has cllected s many things ver the years, but we dn’t use them anymre.Amy: But isn’t it hard t sell sme f yur things? There are many things I’ve had since I was a child. I dn’t think I culd sell them.Jeff: Yes, its hard t say gdbye t certain things.Amy: By the way, hw lng have yu had that bike ver there?
Tape scripts
Jeff: I’ve had it fr three years! I learned hw t ride a bike n it.Amy: Old things really bring back sweet memries. But it’s true that we may never use sme f these things again.Jeff: Yes, like ld tys r bks yu’ve already read. Yu can sell thse, r yu can als give them away t kids r peple wh need them.Amy: Oh! Hw much is this bk?Jeff：Yu can have it fr 75 cents.
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,befre,yet等状语连用。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与fr或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
have breakfast
I have just had my breakfast.
I’m nt hungry nw
mved herein 2004
I still live here
I have lived here fr three years.
I have lived here since 2004/three years ag.
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing fr five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: cme, g , leave, arrive, buy, lse, receive, jin, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与fr …, since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when she came in 等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, smetimes, always, ften, befre, nce, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：tday, this mrning, this week, this year等)连用。
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
5. have been in, have been t 与have gne t 的用法
(2). Have (has) been t 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。如：I’ve just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been t 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。如：I've been t Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: —Where is Tm? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gne t the bkshp. 他到书店去了。
例如：He has gne t Hng Kng. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been t Hng Kng. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)
fr 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
fr与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）fr后须接“时间段” He has studied English fr five years. 他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
（3）二者可以转换 fr + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ag He has been here fr five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ag. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
如：He has taught here since he came t China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in schl.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而fr则不能。
（5）现在完成时常用句型：①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is fur days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been tw years since Jim came t Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (secnd…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been t China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bught this cmputer since fur years ag. (×)I have had this cmputer since fur years ag. (√)I haven’t bught anything fr tw mnths.(√ )I haven't heard frm him fr 3 weeks. (√)
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
leave — be away brrw — keepbuy — have begin/start — be ndie — be dead finish --- be verpen sth — keep sth pen fall ill — be ill
get up—be up, cme here — be here,jin — be n +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,g there — be there, becme — be, cme back—be back, fall asleep — be asleep,
get t/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away frm, get t knw — knw, g (get) ut —tie ut， put n—wear, catch a cld —have a cld, get married—be married 等。
The ld man died 4 years ag.— The ld man has been dead fr 4 years. It is 4 years since the ld man died.—Fur years has passed since the ld man died. He jined the Party 2 years ag.—He has been in the Party fr 2 years.I bught the bk 5 days ag.—I have had the bk fr 5 days.
（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用 hw lng提问。
—Hw lng have yu had this bk? 这本书你买多久了?—Fr a week./Since a week ag. 买一周了。
选择fr或since填空：I have been here _____five mnths ag.2. He has been a sldier ____ abut tw mnths.3. Great changes have taken place _____ yu left.4. His grandpa has been dead ____ ten years.5. I have studied English ______ I was 12 years ld.6. It is tw years _________ I became a pstgraduate student.
练习题: It's a lng time since we ____ (meet) last, isn’t it? 2. --I knw yu ___________ (chse) a picture bk amng these. --Yes, Have a lk at it, please. 3. S far, spaceships withut peple ___________ (reach) the mn and sme ther parts f the universe. 4. My father____ hme fr nearly three weeks. A. has gne away frm B. has left C. has been away frm D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_____ in China fr a week. A. been B. gt C. arrived D. reached
have reached
1c Practice the cnversatin. Then make cnversatins abut ther things in the picture abve.
A: This is a really ld bk.B: Yes, I’ve had it fr seven years. I’ve read it three times. A: Why are yu selling it?B: Because I dn’t read it anymre.A: Hw much is it?B: Yu can have it fr 75 cents.
2a Listen and check (✓) the things Amy's family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping.
bk magazine ty bear ty lin ty tiger bread maker sweater dress hat scarf
2b Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Amy has had her favrite _____ fr three years.2. Amy has had the ty ______ since she was a _______.3. Amy’s mm has had the ld bread maker fr mre than ______ years,4. Amy can give away the _______ and ______ because they d nt fit her anymre.
Mm: Let’s lk thrugh this bx f ld things and decide what t give away.Amy：I think I want t keep this bk. I’ve had it fr three years. Even thugh I’ve already read it twice, it’s still my favrite bk. But we can give away the magazine.Mm: What abut these sft tys?Amy: I want t keep the bear because I’ve had it since I was a baby. It has special meaning t me because Grandma gave it t me.
I’ll give away the lin and tiger.Mm: OK. And this ld bread maker f mine can g, t. I’ve had it fr mre than 10 years. Aunt Taylr bught a new ne fr me last week.Amy: That’s great. We can still have hmemade bread. And I can give away this sweater and dress, t. They dn’t fit me anymre. But I want t keep the hat and scarf fr ice skating.Mm: Great. Yu can take these things t the children’s hme tmrrw then.
A: Amy, can we give away these sft tys? B: Mm, I want t keep the bear.A: Why? It’s s ld.B: Because I’ve had it since I was a baby.
2c Student A is Amy's mm. Student B is Amy. Make cnversatins.
2d Rle-play the cnversatin.
Linda: Welcme t the Sunshine Hme fr Children. I’m Linda.Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have sme things fr the kids. I’ve had this magazine fr a cuple f mnths. The stries inside may be a bit ld, but they re still interesting.Linda: Great! Many children here lve reading.
Amy: And check ut these sft tys and bard games fr yunger kids. I’ve had them since I was a child. There’s als a sweater and a dress.Linda: Perfect! We always need tys and clthes.Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mms had it fr a lng time but it still wrks.Linda: Thanks s much!
3a Read the article written by a father fr a newspaper. What is his family ging t sell at the yard sale?
My children are grwing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my by is already in junir high schl. As they get bigger ur huse seems t get smaller. S we want t sell sme f ur things in a yard sale and give the mney t a children’s hme.
We have already cleared ut a lt f things frm ur bedrms. We have decided t each sell five things that we n lnger use. My sn was quite sad at first. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys fr a lng time, he still wanted t keep them. Fr example, he has wned a train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven. And he did nt want t lse his ty mnkey, either.
He slept next t the mnkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was mre understanding, althugh she als felt sad t part with certain tys. As fr me, I did nt want t give up my ftball shirts, but, t be hnest, I have nt played fr a while nw. I am getting lder, t!
3b Read the article again and answer the questins.1. Why did they decide t have a yard sale?2. What d they want t d with the mney frm the sale?3. Why des the sn want t keep his train and railway set?4. Hw can the ld tys be useful again?5. Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise?
Why did they decide t have a yard sale?2. What d they want t d with the mney frm the sale?3. Why des the sn want t keep his train and railway set?
As their children get bigger their huse seems t get smaller.
They want t gave the mney t a children’s hme.
Because he has wned the train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven.
4. Hw can the ld tys be useful again?5. Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise?
They can give away the ld tys t peple in need r sell them fr mney.
Students’ answers.
3c Find the wrds r phrases in the article which can be replaced with the nes belw and write them next t the wrds.
lse — ________ kids — ________truthful — __________ many — ________sme time— ________ even thugh — _______ quickly— ______ lder — ______
1. Lk at the things at the yard sale.
yard sale 庭院旧货出售这是国外的一种风俗，也是一种独特的售货方式。人们利用周末，将家中搁置不用的物件放在自家庭院中廉价出售，因而被称作yard sale，也可译作“庭院拍卖会”。
Language pints
庭院售卖的物品种类繁多，应有尽有，大到家具、电器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。 这些物品虽多数为二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且价钱合理公道，甚至还可讨价还价 正是这种低廉、公道的价格及买家淘宝和碰大运的心理，使得yard sale广受欢迎，逐渐 演变成一种独特的文化现象。
副词anymre亦可写作any mre，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）； (不）再”。nt ••• anymre 相当于 nt ••• any lnger，
2. Because I dn’t read it anymre. 因为我不再看它了。
例如：Yu can have it, fr I dn’t need it anymre.你可以把它拿走，因为我不再需要它了。 The dctr tld me nt t play cmputer games anymre.大夫叫我别再玩电脑游戏了。
3. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。
since(自从……）常常引导短语或从句，用于现在完成时的句子中。since引出从句 时，从句中一般使用过去时。
再如：I’ve had these sft tys since I was a child.我还是个孩子的时候就有这些毛绒玩具了。 Since that unfrtunate accident last week, I haven't been sleeping at all well.自从上 周发生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。
4. I’ve had this magazine fr a cuple f mnths. 这本杂志我买 了几个月 了。
1）a cuple f 有两种意思：其一，表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体；其二，表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文 和具体的语境而决定。例如：
Yu have t wait fr a cuple f hurs fr the clthes t dry cmpletely.你得等上一 两个小时让这些衣服完全干燥。Lk! There are a cuple f bys waiting fr yu at the dr.瞧!门 口有两三个男 孩正在等你。
2）介词fr也常用在现在完成时的句子中，后面引出表示时间的词或短语，说明某 种情况已经持续了一段时间。再如：Jeff has had his bike fr mre than 10 years.杰夫已经拥有他的自行车超过10年了。
5. We have decided t each sell five things that we n lnger use. 我们决定每人出 售五件不再使用的物品。
(1)此句中we n lnger use是由that引导的定 语从句，修饰前面的名词five things。(2)句中n lnger的意思是“不再；不复”，有时可用nt... any lnger或nt... anymre替换。再如：
He n lnger lives here. (= He desn't live here anymre / any lnger.)他不再住这 儿了。3) each在句中对we进行限定，表示“(两个或 两个以上的人或物中）各自；每个”。 再如：My sister and I each have an English-Chinese dictinary.我和姐姐各有一本英汉词典。
t be hnest是英语口语中一个常用表达，表示“说实话；老实说”。英语中类似的 表达还有：t be frank,意思是“坦率地说”。例如：T be hnest, I dn’t like him very much.老实说，我不太喜欢他。T be perfectly frank, I think that’s a crazy idea.坦白相告，我认为那是个荒唐的主意。
6.…but, t be hnest, I have nt played fr a while nw. 但是, 说实在的, 现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。
I’ve already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his hmewrk. 3. Mum’s cked the dinner.4. Susan’s learned English at schl.
Have yu already had dinner?
Has he just finished his hmewrk?
Has mum cked the dinner?
Has Susan learned English at schl?
一 把下列句子改为一般疑问句。
二 选用fr和since填空:1.We haven’t seen each ther ______ a lng father has been in the factry ______ 10 years film has been n ______ 20 Green has wrked here ______ he came t grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It’s five years _______ we met last time
三 动词填空：1._____ yu ________(clean) the rm? Yes, we __________(d) that already. When _______ yu ______(d) it? We _______(d) it an hur he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. Hw many times _____yu ______( cme) here? Once.
4. I __________ (read) the nvel twice. It’s interesting.5. She ___________ (g) t Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. Hw ______ she _______(g) there? She _______(g) there by air.6. S far, many cuntries ______________(develp) their sftware Chen ______(give) up smking last yu ever _______(ride) a hrse? ________( keep) the bk since tw days ag.
have develped
Have yu ever thught abut having a yard sale t sell yur things? What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise? Discuss with yur classmates.
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