初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版七年级下册Section A优秀学案设计

这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版七年级下册Section A优秀学案设计，共11页。学案主要包含了祈使句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.


一、祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略主语。祈使句的开头动词都为原形，句末则使用句号或叹号。
Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please. 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters. 对妹妹要和善。(劝告)
Look out! Danger! 小心！危险！(警告)
Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
1. 祈使句的形式
（1）肯定祈使句的表现形式：
Do型
动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分
Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
Be型
Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分
Be a good boy！
要做一个好孩子！
Let型
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分
Let me help you.
让我来帮你。
【典例】—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes.
—OK, Mom.
A. Getting B. Get C. To get 　 D. Gets
【答案】B
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：——现在就穿上衣服！十分钟之后我们必须走。——好的，妈妈。空格所在句为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头。学科/网
（2）否定祈使句的表现形式：
①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don’t。
Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我！
Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到！
②Let型的否定式有两种：＂Don’t＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分＂和＂Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分＂。
Don’t let him go./Let him not go. 别让他走。
③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
No fishing! 禁止垂钓！
【典例】Daniel, _____________ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t
【答案】A
【口诀】
祈使句用法歌诀
祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意，句首要把Don’t加。
要讲客气用please，句首、句末没关系。






二、情态动词must和have to的用法[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]
1. must的用法
（1）must表示主观义务，意思是＂应该，必须＂，其否定式mustn’t意为＂不应该，不准＂。
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为：不必。
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了，没有必要。
（2）must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中)。
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
2. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点：
（1）have to后接动词原形，意为＂必须做……；不得不做……＂。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。
（2）have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。
（3）含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗？
You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去，你就不必去。
【辨析】have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
【典例】（2014 • 山东德州）—Lingling, can I use your e-dictionary?
—Sure. But you _____________ return it after class.
A. must B. can C. may D. would
【答案】A

I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. _____________ (do) your homework right now(立刻).
2. Please _____________ (be) quiet.
3. _____________ (not let) the dog come in.
4. No _____________ (swim)!
5. Stop _____________ (talk)!
II. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. 到这儿来。[来源:学|科|网]
_____________ _____________.
2. 别让他们玩电脑游戏。
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ computer games.
3. 快点！
_____________ quick!
4. 不要在这儿吃东西。
_____________ _____________ here.
5. 让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。
_____________ _____________ the bike to get there.
6. 别在走廊里跑。
_____________ _____________ in the hallways.
III. 请根据你校的实际情况，用have to，don’t have to，can，can’t，must，mustn’t等表达你的校规。
1. I _____________ arrive late for class. I _____________ be on time.
2. I _____________ keep my hair short and wear a school uniform.
3. I _____________ listen to my teachers carefully in class. I _____________ talk with my partner.
4. I _____________ be noisy in the classroom. I _____________ be quiet.
5. I _____________ eat in the classroom. I _____________ eat in the dining hall.
IV. 单项选择。
1. At school I _____________ wear a uniform and I _____________ keep my hair short.
A. can’t; have to B. have to ;must C. don’t have to;must
2. —Must I return the book this week?
—No, you _____________. You can _____________ it for 20 days.
A. mustn’t: keep B. needn’t; borrow
C. needn’t; keep D. mustn’t; borrow
3. —Will you please stay here a little longer?
—Sorry, I _____________. I _____________ eat dinner with my mother. She’s coming.
A. mustn’t; will have to B. don’t; have to
C. can’t; had to D. can’t; will have to
4. —_____________ Jim _____________ study hard these days?
—Yes, he will take an exam next week.
A. Is, have to B. Does, have to
C. Can, have to D. Does, has to
5. Mrs Green _____________ go far if she goes shopping. The supermarket is beside her neighbourhood.
A. have to B. doesn’t have to
C. needn’t have to D. haven’t to
6. This book _____________ Tom’s father’s, because his name is on the book.
A. maybe B. may be C. must be D. must
7. —It’s said a pianist will perform at Poly Theater on Friday evening. Is it Lang Lang?
—Yes, it _____________ him. He _____________ for a week.
A. must be; has arrived here
B. maybe; has been here
C. must be; has been here
D. maybe; has arrived here
8. The girl in the classroom _____________ be Maria. She called me from the library just now.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
9. —Where is Tom? Is he in the room now?
—He _____________ be there, for I saw him in the teachers’ office just now.
A. can’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
10. We _____________ use mobile phones when the plane takes off
A. may not B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t D. mustn’t
V. 完形填空。
Every school has its own rules. Then I will talk 1 one of the rules. At some schools, the students 2 to wear uniforms on school days. But many students don’t 3 to wear their school uniforms. 4 think the uniforms are the ugliest（最丑的) 5 in the world. But the schools 6 allow (允许) students to wear 7 own clothes at school. So some students 8 cartoons or some famous singers on their 9 . They think it is very 10 that everyone wears the same. It 11 very unfair(不公平的) that teachers and students wear clothes 12 . But most of the students 13 the rules. What do you think 14 it? Do you 15 your school uniform?
1. A. to B. about C. with D. in
2. A. has B. must C. should D. have
3. A. think B. have C. like D. dislike
4. A. They B. We C. He D. She
5. A. clothes B. shirt C. skirt D. cloth
6. A. not B. don’t C. no D. doesn’t
7. A. their B. they C. them D. themselves
8. A. read B. cut C. see D. draw
9. A. school bags B. books C. uniforms D. desks
10. A. bored B. boring C. interesting D. interested
11. A. be B. is C. are D. am
12. A. same B. differently C. different D. difference
13. A. follow B. agree C. listen D. break
14. A. of B. with C. by D. for
15. A. like B. make C. wash D. put
VI. 阅读理解。
Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting the weekends to come. Because on weekends there are different kinds of outdoor activities, such as going to the park, going shopping, playing ball games and so on.
We usually go to the park on Saturdays. We often take some bread, meat, water and milk with us. It’s Saturday today. We are in the park again. Father is fishing in a boat on the lake. Mother is sitting and reading under the tree. We are flying a kite. Now we are drinking some water. Do you think we are happy?
1. Lucy and Lily are ________.
A. students B. teachers C. nurses D. cousins
2. What do Lucy and Lily usually do on Saturdays?
A. Play ball games. B. Go to the park.
C. Go for a picnic. D. Go shopping.
3. How many people can we know from the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
4. What are Lucy and Lily doing now?
A. They are fishing.
B. They are reading.
C. They are flying a kite.
D. They are drinking some water.
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Lucy and Lily like the weekends.
B. Lucy and Lily often take some food with them.
C. It’s Sunday today.
D. Lucy and Lily’s father is in the park, too.
VII. 语法填空。[来源:学,科,网]
July is coming. People all around the world are talking about their 1 (vacation). Parents would like 2 (help) their children relax. 3 (luck), they have two months off. Some people enjoy quiet life, so many of 4 (they) stay at home watching TV, using computers and so on. 5 some spend time differently. My pen pal Tony 6 blonde hair is a boy from the US. He says that 7 (America) like going to the countryside. Just like his big family, they often go to a farm. There, some can feed animals, some can play and 8 (other) can watch 9 nice sky and rivers. They can also taste delicious food. They are quite 10 (interest) in the life there.

I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Do 2. be 3. Don’t let　
4. swimming 5. talking
II. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. Come here 2. Let them not play/Don’t let them play
3. Be 4. Don’t eat
5. Let’s ride 6. Don’t run
III. 请根据你校的实际情况，用have to，don’t have to，can，can’t，must，mustn’t等表达你的校规。
1. can’t；must
2. have to
3. must/have to；can’t/mustn’t
4. can’t/mustn’t；must/have to
5. can’t/mustn’t；must
IV. 单项选择。
1. B【解析】句意：在学校我必须穿校服，必须留短发。can’t不能；have to必须；must必须。此处表示学校的规则，故用情态动词have to和must。故选B。
2. C 【解析】must回答与延续性动词的用法。Must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用＂...needn’t＂, 由答语for短语指一段时间，故用延续性动词，borrow为短暂性动词，要换成延续性动词keep。

6. C【解析】本题考查情态动词表推测。must表示说话人对事物推测把握比较大，意为＂肯定、一定＂。故选C。
7. C【解析】考查情态动词和延续性动词的用法。第一空表示很有把握的推测，用情态动词must加be，may be表示可能性小的推测，但是却不能用maybe，因为maybe是副词，而此句中缺少连系动词；第二空后面有表示时间段的for a week，它需要跟延续性动词连用。
8. C【解析】mustn’t禁止，一定不；may not可能不；can’t不可能；needn’t不必。句意：教室里面的女孩不可能是玛利亚。刚才她从图书馆给我打电话了。can表示客观上的能或者不能，may表示主管推测，故选C。
9. A【解析】can’t不能，不可能；may not 可能不；shouldn’t 不应该；mustn’t禁止，一定不。句意：——汤姆在哪儿？他现在在房间里面吗？——他不可能在那儿，因为我刚才在老师的办公室看见他了。Can表示基于事实的判断，故选A。学/科*网
10. D【解析】句意：当飞机起飞的时候我们一定不要使用手机。此处表禁止，一定不要，所以选mustn’t，A. may not 不可以，语气较轻；B. shouldn’t 不应该，表建议； C. needn’t 不必；D. mustn’t表禁止，一定不要，故选D。
V. 完形填空。[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]
文章大意：本文叙述了一些学校让学生穿校服，当然大部分学生都遵守学校的规章制度，但是有一些学生不喜欢和别人每天都穿同样的衣服。
1. B【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。然后 A. talk to谈话； B. talk about谈论； C. talk with 和某人交谈； 然后我们谈论规章制度之一。根据At some schools, the students...to wear uniforms on school days.可知这是谈论其中的一个规章制度，故选B。
2. D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。 A. has to不得不； B. must必须； C. should应该；D. have to不得不。在上学的期间学生不得不穿校服。因为must和should后必须跟动词原形，故排除B、C；主语students 是复数，所以用have to不得不，故选D。

5. A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. clothes衣服；B. shirt衬衫；C. skirt裙子；D. cloth 布料。他们认为校服是世界上最丑陋的衣服。根据上文可知这里谈到的是校服，当然校服是衣服，故选A。
6. B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。学校不允许学生穿自己的衣服。因为句子的主语the schools是复数，allow是谓语动词，它的否定句应该用否定词don’t，故选B。
7. A【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. their他们的；B. they他们，是主格；C. them他们，宾格；D. themselves 他们自己。学校不允许学生穿自己的衣服。这里one’s own +名词表示某人自己的。这里指的学生们自己的，故选A。
8. D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。 A. read读； B. cut砍；C. see看见； D. draw画画。 因此一些学生画了一些卡通片或一些著名的歌手在他们的衣服上。根据cartoons or some famous singers 可知在校服上画了一些卡通或著名的歌手，故选D。
9. C【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. school bags 书包； B. books书； C. uniforms 校服； D. desks桌子。因此一些学生画了一些卡通片或一些著名的歌手在他们的衣服上。根据上文可知一直谈论的是校服，所以应该指的是在校服上，故选C。
10. B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。 A. bored人感到烦恼的；B. boring 令人厌烦的；C. interesting有趣的；D. interested 人感兴趣的。他们认为每个人都穿同样的衣服是无聊的。根据It...very unfair(不公平的) that teachers and students wear clothes...可知他们不赞同穿同样的衣服。因为这里it是主语，所以用boring，故选B。
11. B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。老师和学生穿同样的衣服是不公平的。这里it是形式主语，是单数，所以用is，故选B。
12. B【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. same同样的；B. differently 不同的，副词；C. different不同的，形容词；D. difference不同，名词。这里空格在句末，所以应该用副词来修饰动词wear ，故选B。

15. A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. like喜欢；B. make 制造；C. wash 洗；D. put放。你喜欢你的校服吗？根据上文可知短文主要谈论的对校服的看法，故选A。
VI. 阅读理解。
文章大意：本文叙述了露西、丽丽她们都是学生，在周末的时候，他们一家往往进行一些户外活动。[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据We are studying in a high school.可知，她们都是学生，故选A。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据We usually go to the park on Saturdays. 可知，周六经常去公园。故选C。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Father is fishing in a boat on the lake(湖). Mother is sitting and reading under the tree. we are drinking some water.可知，有露西、丽丽及她们的爸爸和妈妈。故选B。
4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Now we are drinking some water.可知，她们正在喝水，故选D。
5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据It’s Saturday today.可知，今天是周六。故选C。
VII. 语法填空。
文章大意：本文介绍了美国人如何度过暑假。他们喜欢安静的就待在家里看电视。作者的笔友托尼是一个美国男孩，他说美国人喜欢去乡村。他们在那里可以喂动物，玩和看那里的天空和河流。他们也对那里的生活感兴趣。
1. vacations【解析】有their修饰，故此处用复数名词vacations。句意：世界各地的人们正在讨论他们的假期。
2. to help【解析】would like to do sth想要做某事，故此处用动词不定式to help。句意：父母想要帮助孩子们放松一下。
3. Luckily【解析】修饰整个句子，故用luck的副词Luckily。句意：幸运的而是，他们休息两个月。
4. them【解析】作为介词of的宾语，故用they的宾格形式them。句意：有些人喜欢安静的生活，所以他们中的许多人待在家里看电视，使用电脑等等。
5. But【解析】表示与别人不一样，应表示转折关系，故用连词But。句意：但是有些人度过时间的方式不同。

8. others【解析】some...others...＂一些人……其他一些人……＂，故此处为others。句意：在那里有些人可以喂喂动物，有些人可以玩，其他一些人可以看美丽的天空和河流。
9. the【解析】此处特指乡村的天空和河流，故用定冠词the表示特指，故为the。句意：在那里有些人可以喂喂动物，有些人可以玩，其他一些人可以看美丽的天空和河流。学.科网*
10. interested【解析】be interested in＂对……感兴趣＂，故此处为interested。句意：他们对那里的生活非常感兴趣。