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这是一份2022版高考英语一轮复习练案14必修3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries练习含解析外研版20210520262学案，共9页。
A
(2020·山西太原市高三阶段测评)
Nthing succeeds like success, as every parent f a straightA student knws, but trying t stress academic excellence by telling yur child “Yu're s smart！” may be cunterprductive.Why? Accrding t a 2017 study, children wh think their intelligence is fixed are less likely t pay attentin t and bunce back(重整旗鼓)frm mistakes than children wh think intelligence can grw and change.
In the study, researchers lked at 123 children.The team assessed the children t determine whether they had a “grwth mindset” (believing that yu can wrk harder t get smarter), r a“fixed mindset” (believing that yur intelligence is unable t change)．They then asked the children t cmplete a fastpaced cmputer accuracy task while their brain activity was recrded.During the recrding, researchers nted that brain activity stpped within a halfsecnd after making a mistake, as children became aware f their mistake and paid clser attentin t what went wrng.The larger the brain respnse was, the mre the child fcused n the mistake.Based n the data, they cncluded that children with a “grwth mindset” were much mre likely t have a larger brain respnse after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able t “bunce back”， nly if they gave their full attentin t the mistake.
Fr parents, the lessns are clear: Dn't pay yur children cmpliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If yur children hands yu an A＋ scre, dn't say, “Yu're s smart！” Instead, say, “Ww, that studying really paid ff！” r “Yu clearly mastered this material — way t g！”Nte the effrt, nt the intelligence.
Besides, many parents shy away frm addressing their children's mistakes, telling them “It's OK.Yu'll get it the next time” withut ffering them the chances t figure ut what ges wrng.Instead, it's better t reassure yur children that mistakes happen, and wrk t figure ut where and hw they make the mistake.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。
1．Which f the fllwing best explains “cunterprductive” underlined in Paragraph 1 ？ A
A．Oppsite. B．Cmpetitive.
C．Successful. D．Unknwn.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Accrding t a 2017 study，children wh think their intelligence is fixed are less likely t pay attentin t and bunce back(重整旗鼓)frm mistakes than children wh think intelligence can grw and change.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。
2．Hw did the children with a“grwth mindset” react in the study?
D
A．They made fewer mistakes.
B．They tried t avid mistakes.
C．They had a smaller brain respnse.
D．They fcused mre n the mistake.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“The larger the brain respnse was, the mre the child fcused n the mistake.”和倒数第二句“Based n the data，they cncluded that children with a grwth mindset were much mre likely t have a larger brain respnse after making a mistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。
3．What shuld be avided accrding t the study？ A
A．Overemphasizing the intelligence.
B．Paying children cmpliments.
C．Addressing children's mistakes.
D．Offering chances t find mistakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Nte the effrt，nt the intelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。
4．What shuld parents say when children make a mistake accrding t the text？ D
A．Yu are s careless.
B．Yur studying paid ff.
C．Yn'Il get it the next time.
D．Let's find ut hw yu made it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，it's better t reassure yur children that mistakes happen，and wrk t figure ut where and hw they make the mistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。
B
(2021·山东省日照市高三考试)
When a laptp r smartphne battery starts lsing its pwer，the nly ptins are t buy an expensive replacement，r just keep it plugged in all the time.But a wman Mya Le Thai may have fund the answer t this prblem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries fr her wireless devices degraded(降级)ver time，until they failed t charge fully.She did nt like having t keep her laptp cnnected t an electrical utlet t keep it pwered n.S，she decided t d smething abut that prblem.At first，she and her team at UC Irvine thught abut inventing a new battery.But as they experimented，Thai discvered smething that might permit lithiumin(锂离子)batteries t last frever.
Lithiumin batteries pwer mst wireless devices.Over time，the batteries lse the ability t hld a charge.Mst f these batteries have a life span f abut 7,000 charging cycles befre they die.One f the reasns lithiumin batteries degrade is their use f nanwires t carry electricity.Nanwires are extremely thin.A human hair is thusands f times thicker，fr example.Nanwires are extremely efficient carriers f electricity，which makes them useful in batteries.
But，Thai had a thery—the nanwires might last lnger if cvered with a gel(凝胶)．She and her team tested this thery.“It was a lng prcess and a lt f wrk，”Thai said.The team tried many cverings fr the wires.PMMA，a type f plastic，was ne f them.The nanwires were cated with PMMA and cycled thrugh charges 200,000 times.The PMMAcated nanwires shwed n evidence f damage.The results suggest that batteries culd last frever，withut lsing charging ability.
Thai hpes t cntinue her research t understand why this gel wrks s well and t see if any ther gel culd create better results and she is enjying the publicity abut her discvery.She said she never expected her research t get media cverage.“It's kind f cl，” she said.“I'm really glad peple are shwing interest in my wrk and nt just in the wrk itself，but als in technlgy and energy.”
文章大意：本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。文章主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。
5．Why did Mya Le Thai wrk n lithiumin batteries？ D
A．She disliked the batteries fr her laptp.
B．Her team were assigned t invent a new battery.
C．Many peple thught batteries were t expensive.
D．The batteries wuld sn lse the functin t charge fully.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thai was frustrated that the batteries fr her wireless devices degraded(降级)ver time，until they failed t charge fully.She did nt like having t keep her laptp cnnected t an electrical utlet t keep it pwered n.S, she decided t d smething abut that prblem.”可知，Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。故选D。
6．What can we infer abut nanwires？ D
A．They last nly 7,000 charging cycles.
B．They are t weak t carry electricity.
C．They are nt suitable t use in batteries.
D．Their thinness is a cause f batteries degrade.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One f the reasns lithiumin batteries degrade is their use f nanwires t carry electricity.Nanwires are extremely thin.”可知，用来电力输送的纳米线极其的细，导致了电池的降级。故选D。
7．What might be Thai and her team's breakthrugh？ A
A．Cating nanwires in gel.
B．A new kind f battery.
C．New materials fr batteries.
D．A new way f charging batteries.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The nanwires were cated with PMMA and cycled thrugh charges 200,000 times.The PMMAcated nanwires shwed n evidence f damage.The results suggest that batteries culd last frever, withut lsing charging ability.”可知，Thai和她的团队在纳米线上裹上PMMA并循环充电20万次，没有损坏的迹象，且没有失去充电能力，说明Thai和她的团队在此方面取得了突破。故选A。
8．What may be the best title fr the passage？ B
A．The ptins f batteries fr wireless devices
B．A wman invents a lifelng battery
C．Mya Le Thai discvered Nanwires
D．The reasns fr batteries degrading
解析：标题判断题。根据文章第一段“When a laptp r smartphne battery starts lsing its pwer, the nly ptins are t buy an expensive replacement, r just keep it plugged in all the time.But a wman Mya Le Thai may have fund the answer t this prblem.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Perhaps yu have heard the expressin “When in Rme d as the Rmans d.” S when yu want t d business in France, yu have t get t knw French culture, make marketing plans, and run yur business by lcal laws.
1.G The French take great pride in their language, s anyne wh des nt speak it may run the risk f being disrespected by his French clleagues r business partners.Als, anther reasn why learning French is imprtant is that it is a great way t shw every pssible French business partner that yu care and respect their cuntry's culture and language.
The first thing that yu shuld d when meeting smene new is shake his hand firmly and always lk at the persn in the eye.In scial meetings with friends, kissing is cmmn.
Use first names nly after being invited t. 2.C The French will smetimes intrduce themselves using their surname first, fllwed by their first name.
Dress well. 3.F Yur business clthing is a reflectin f yur success and scial status.Always try t be tasteful and stylish.Wmen are advised t dress simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswmen.
The French are passinate abut fd, s lunches are cmmn in ding business in France, which usually cnsist f an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and cffee, and nrmally take up t tw hurs. 4.B
D nt begin eating until the hst says “bn appetite”．Pass dishes t the left, keep wrists abve the table and try t eat everything n the plate. 5.D This may suggest that yu find the fd tasteless.If eating in a restaurant, the persn wh makes an invitatin always pays.
A．Remember t be as plite as pssible.
B．This is a time fr relatinship building.
C．Use Mnsieur r Madame befre the surname.
D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper r sauces t yur fd.
E．Make an appintment with yur business partner in advance.
F．The French draw infrmatin abut peple based n their appearance.
G．Language shuld be the fcus f anyne planning t d business in France.
文章大意：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。
解析：
1．根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言。”与下文联系紧密。故选G。
2．结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。”故选C。
3．本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议。故空处应选择F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息。”。
4．根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。故本题选B。
5．本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心。”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿。”衔接紧密。故本空选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·甘肃省天水一中第一次考试)
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language. It dates back several thusand years t the use f animal bnes and shells n which symbls 1.were carved (carve) by ancient Chinese peple. Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in tday's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty，these symbls 2.had becme (becme) a welldevelped writing system. Over the years, the system develped int different frms，as it was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, 3.leading (lead) t many varieties f dialects characters. This， 4.hwever ， changed under the rule f Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty.
Emperr Qinshihuang made the seven majr states int ne
5.united ( unite) cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin. That writing system was 6.f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture. Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r 7.what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate 8.easily (easy) in writing.
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by 9.which China's present is cnnected with its past. Peple in mdern times can read the classic 10.wrks (wrk) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters as an art frm, knwn as Chinese calligraphy, which has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了汉字的起源和发展。
解析：
1．考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前使用的动物骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在上面雕刻符号。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“符号”和“雕刻”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填were carved。
2．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字系统。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。所以填had becme。
3．考查非谓语动词。 空格前面句子“……地理分割”和“导致”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。所以填leading。
4．考查副词。句意：然而，在秦始皇的统治下，这种情况发生了改变。文中表示转折关系。所以填hwever。
5．考查形容词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要国家统一为一个国家，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。该空修饰名词cuntry，用形容词。所以填united。
6．考查固定短语。句意：这种文字系统对中国人民和中国文化的融合具有重要意义。f great imprtance有重要意义，该短语是固定短语。所以填f。
7．考查句意理解。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。文中表示“说什么方言”。所以填what。
8．考查副词。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。修饰动词cmmunicate，用副词。所以填easily。
9．考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成为中国的现在与过去联系的重要手段。“by 9 China's present is cnnected with its past”是一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。所以填which。
10．考查名词。句意：现代人可以读到中国古代的经典著作。文中表示“中国古代的经典著作”，用名词。所以填wrks。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级模考)
As we all knw, ver seventy percent f ur planet are cvered by sea, where is rich in salt as well as fish. What's mre, there is a great deal f il r gas under the sea. In ther wrds, the sea is the place with s many imprtant things we live in. Hwever, with the wrld ppulatin increased rapidly, verfishing has becme a serius prblem. Every day a lt f rubbishes and waste water are pured int the sea, s the sea is bad plluted. As a result, the number f fish has bviusly decreased. Besides, sme are dying ut r have been died ut. Therefre, it is time fr everybdy prtect the sea.
答案：
As we all knw, ver seventy percent f ur planet eq \(are,\s\d8(is)) cvered by sea, eq \(where,\s\d8(which)) is rich in salt as well as fish. What's mre, there is a great deal f il eq \(r,\s\d8(and)) gas under the sea. In ther wrds, the sea is eq \(the,\s\d8(a)) place with s many imprtant things we lives eq \(in,\s\d8(n)). Hwever, with the wrld ppulatin eq \(increased,\s\d8(increasing)) rapidly, verfishing has becme a serius prblem. Every day a lt f eq \(rubbishes,\s\d8(rubbish)) and waste water are pured int the sea, s the sea is eq \(bad,\s\d8(badly)) plluted. As a result, the number f fish has bviusly decreased. Besides, sme are dying ut r have been died ut. Therefre, it is time fr everybdy eq \(∧,\s\d8(t)) prtect the sea.
解析：
1．考查主谓一致。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖。本句主语是不可数名词ver seventy percent f ur planet，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。所以要把are改为is。
2．考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖，它富含盐和鱼。本句的先行词是sea，关系代词which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中做主语。而where在句中作状语。所以要把where改为which。
3．考查连词。句意：而且，在大海下面有很多的石油和天然气。连词and表示并列关系，通常用在肯定句里。而r表示并列通常用于疑问句否定句里。所以要把r改为and。
4．考查冠词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。根据句意可知应该表示泛指，应该使用不定冠词a表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要把the改为a。
5．考查介词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。动词短语live n“以……为生”。所以要把in改为n。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界人口的迅速增加，过度捕鱼成为一个严重的问题。介词with的宾语the wrld ppulatin与动词increase构成主动关系，要用现在分词increasing充当补足语。所以要把increased改为increasing。
7．考查名词的数。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海。名词rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。所以要把rubbishes改为rubbish。
8．考查副词。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海，大海被污染得很严重。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语修饰名词或代词。句中应该使用副词做状语修饰谓语is plluted。所以要把bad改为badly。
9．考查动词的语态。句意：而且，一些鱼将要“灭绝”或已经灭绝了。动词短语die ut“灭绝”，没有被动语态。所以要删除been。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，现在是每个人保护大海的时候了。句中使用了不定式复合结构fr sb t d sth.。所以要在everybdy后加t。
A
(2020·山西太原市高三阶段测评)
Nthing succeeds like success, as every parent f a straightA student knws, but trying t stress academic excellence by telling yur child “Yu're s smart！” may be cunterprductive.Why? Accrding t a 2017 study, children wh think their intelligence is fixed are less likely t pay attentin t and bunce back(重整旗鼓)frm mistakes than children wh think intelligence can grw and change.
In the study, researchers lked at 123 children.The team assessed the children t determine whether they had a “grwth mindset” (believing that yu can wrk harder t get smarter), r a“fixed mindset” (believing that yur intelligence is unable t change)．They then asked the children t cmplete a fastpaced cmputer accuracy task while their brain activity was recrded.During the recrding, researchers nted that brain activity stpped within a halfsecnd after making a mistake, as children became aware f their mistake and paid clser attentin t what went wrng.The larger the brain respnse was, the mre the child fcused n the mistake.Based n the data, they cncluded that children with a “grwth mindset” were much mre likely t have a larger brain respnse after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able t “bunce back”， nly if they gave their full attentin t the mistake.
Fr parents, the lessns are clear: Dn't pay yur children cmpliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If yur children hands yu an A＋ scre, dn't say, “Yu're s smart！” Instead, say, “Ww, that studying really paid ff！” r “Yu clearly mastered this material — way t g！”Nte the effrt, nt the intelligence.
Besides, many parents shy away frm addressing their children's mistakes, telling them “It's OK.Yu'll get it the next time” withut ffering them the chances t figure ut what ges wrng.Instead, it's better t reassure yur children that mistakes happen, and wrk t figure ut where and hw they make the mistake.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。
1．Which f the fllwing best explains “cunterprductive” underlined in Paragraph 1 ？ A
A．Oppsite. B．Cmpetitive.
C．Successful. D．Unknwn.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Accrding t a 2017 study，children wh think their intelligence is fixed are less likely t pay attentin t and bunce back(重整旗鼓)frm mistakes than children wh think intelligence can grw and change.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。
2．Hw did the children with a“grwth mindset” react in the study?
D
A．They made fewer mistakes.
B．They tried t avid mistakes.
C．They had a smaller brain respnse.
D．They fcused mre n the mistake.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“The larger the brain respnse was, the mre the child fcused n the mistake.”和倒数第二句“Based n the data，they cncluded that children with a grwth mindset were much mre likely t have a larger brain respnse after making a mistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。
3．What shuld be avided accrding t the study？ A
A．Overemphasizing the intelligence.
B．Paying children cmpliments.
C．Addressing children's mistakes.
D．Offering chances t find mistakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Nte the effrt，nt the intelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。
4．What shuld parents say when children make a mistake accrding t the text？ D
A．Yu are s careless.
B．Yur studying paid ff.
C．Yn'Il get it the next time.
D．Let's find ut hw yu made it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，it's better t reassure yur children that mistakes happen，and wrk t figure ut where and hw they make the mistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。
B
(2021·山东省日照市高三考试)
When a laptp r smartphne battery starts lsing its pwer，the nly ptins are t buy an expensive replacement，r just keep it plugged in all the time.But a wman Mya Le Thai may have fund the answer t this prblem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries fr her wireless devices degraded(降级)ver time，until they failed t charge fully.She did nt like having t keep her laptp cnnected t an electrical utlet t keep it pwered n.S，she decided t d smething abut that prblem.At first，she and her team at UC Irvine thught abut inventing a new battery.But as they experimented，Thai discvered smething that might permit lithiumin(锂离子)batteries t last frever.
Lithiumin batteries pwer mst wireless devices.Over time，the batteries lse the ability t hld a charge.Mst f these batteries have a life span f abut 7,000 charging cycles befre they die.One f the reasns lithiumin batteries degrade is their use f nanwires t carry electricity.Nanwires are extremely thin.A human hair is thusands f times thicker，fr example.Nanwires are extremely efficient carriers f electricity，which makes them useful in batteries.
But，Thai had a thery—the nanwires might last lnger if cvered with a gel(凝胶)．She and her team tested this thery.“It was a lng prcess and a lt f wrk，”Thai said.The team tried many cverings fr the wires.PMMA，a type f plastic，was ne f them.The nanwires were cated with PMMA and cycled thrugh charges 200,000 times.The PMMAcated nanwires shwed n evidence f damage.The results suggest that batteries culd last frever，withut lsing charging ability.
Thai hpes t cntinue her research t understand why this gel wrks s well and t see if any ther gel culd create better results and she is enjying the publicity abut her discvery.She said she never expected her research t get media cverage.“It's kind f cl，” she said.“I'm really glad peple are shwing interest in my wrk and nt just in the wrk itself，but als in technlgy and energy.”
文章大意：本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。文章主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。
5．Why did Mya Le Thai wrk n lithiumin batteries？ D
A．She disliked the batteries fr her laptp.
B．Her team were assigned t invent a new battery.
C．Many peple thught batteries were t expensive.
D．The batteries wuld sn lse the functin t charge fully.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thai was frustrated that the batteries fr her wireless devices degraded(降级)ver time，until they failed t charge fully.She did nt like having t keep her laptp cnnected t an electrical utlet t keep it pwered n.S, she decided t d smething abut that prblem.”可知，Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。故选D。
6．What can we infer abut nanwires？ D
A．They last nly 7,000 charging cycles.
B．They are t weak t carry electricity.
C．They are nt suitable t use in batteries.
D．Their thinness is a cause f batteries degrade.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One f the reasns lithiumin batteries degrade is their use f nanwires t carry electricity.Nanwires are extremely thin.”可知，用来电力输送的纳米线极其的细，导致了电池的降级。故选D。
7．What might be Thai and her team's breakthrugh？ A
A．Cating nanwires in gel.
B．A new kind f battery.
C．New materials fr batteries.
D．A new way f charging batteries.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The nanwires were cated with PMMA and cycled thrugh charges 200,000 times.The PMMAcated nanwires shwed n evidence f damage.The results suggest that batteries culd last frever, withut lsing charging ability.”可知，Thai和她的团队在纳米线上裹上PMMA并循环充电20万次，没有损坏的迹象，且没有失去充电能力，说明Thai和她的团队在此方面取得了突破。故选A。
8．What may be the best title fr the passage？ B
A．The ptins f batteries fr wireless devices
B．A wman invents a lifelng battery
C．Mya Le Thai discvered Nanwires
D．The reasns fr batteries degrading
解析：标题判断题。根据文章第一段“When a laptp r smartphne battery starts lsing its pwer, the nly ptins are t buy an expensive replacement, r just keep it plugged in all the time.But a wman Mya Le Thai may have fund the answer t this prblem.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Perhaps yu have heard the expressin “When in Rme d as the Rmans d.” S when yu want t d business in France, yu have t get t knw French culture, make marketing plans, and run yur business by lcal laws.
1.G The French take great pride in their language, s anyne wh des nt speak it may run the risk f being disrespected by his French clleagues r business partners.Als, anther reasn why learning French is imprtant is that it is a great way t shw every pssible French business partner that yu care and respect their cuntry's culture and language.
The first thing that yu shuld d when meeting smene new is shake his hand firmly and always lk at the persn in the eye.In scial meetings with friends, kissing is cmmn.
Use first names nly after being invited t. 2.C The French will smetimes intrduce themselves using their surname first, fllwed by their first name.
Dress well. 3.F Yur business clthing is a reflectin f yur success and scial status.Always try t be tasteful and stylish.Wmen are advised t dress simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswmen.
The French are passinate abut fd, s lunches are cmmn in ding business in France, which usually cnsist f an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and cffee, and nrmally take up t tw hurs. 4.B
D nt begin eating until the hst says “bn appetite”．Pass dishes t the left, keep wrists abve the table and try t eat everything n the plate. 5.D This may suggest that yu find the fd tasteless.If eating in a restaurant, the persn wh makes an invitatin always pays.
A．Remember t be as plite as pssible.
B．This is a time fr relatinship building.
C．Use Mnsieur r Madame befre the surname.
D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper r sauces t yur fd.
E．Make an appintment with yur business partner in advance.
F．The French draw infrmatin abut peple based n their appearance.
G．Language shuld be the fcus f anyne planning t d business in France.
文章大意：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。
解析：
1．根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言。”与下文联系紧密。故选G。
2．结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。”故选C。
3．本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议。故空处应选择F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息。”。
4．根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。故本题选B。
5．本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心。”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿。”衔接紧密。故本空选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·甘肃省天水一中第一次考试)
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language. It dates back several thusand years t the use f animal bnes and shells n which symbls 1.were carved (carve) by ancient Chinese peple. Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in tday's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty，these symbls 2.had becme (becme) a welldevelped writing system. Over the years, the system develped int different frms，as it was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, 3.leading (lead) t many varieties f dialects characters. This， 4.hwever ， changed under the rule f Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty.
Emperr Qinshihuang made the seven majr states int ne
5.united ( unite) cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin. That writing system was 6.f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture. Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r 7.what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate 8.easily (easy) in writing.
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by 9.which China's present is cnnected with its past. Peple in mdern times can read the classic 10.wrks (wrk) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters as an art frm, knwn as Chinese calligraphy, which has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了汉字的起源和发展。
解析：
1．考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前使用的动物骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在上面雕刻符号。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“符号”和“雕刻”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填were carved。
2．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字系统。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。所以填had becme。
3．考查非谓语动词。 空格前面句子“……地理分割”和“导致”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。所以填leading。
4．考查副词。句意：然而，在秦始皇的统治下，这种情况发生了改变。文中表示转折关系。所以填hwever。
5．考查形容词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要国家统一为一个国家，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。该空修饰名词cuntry，用形容词。所以填united。
6．考查固定短语。句意：这种文字系统对中国人民和中国文化的融合具有重要意义。f great imprtance有重要意义，该短语是固定短语。所以填f。
7．考查句意理解。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。文中表示“说什么方言”。所以填what。
8．考查副词。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。修饰动词cmmunicate，用副词。所以填easily。
9．考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成为中国的现在与过去联系的重要手段。“by 9 China's present is cnnected with its past”是一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。所以填which。
10．考查名词。句意：现代人可以读到中国古代的经典著作。文中表示“中国古代的经典著作”，用名词。所以填wrks。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级模考)
As we all knw, ver seventy percent f ur planet are cvered by sea, where is rich in salt as well as fish. What's mre, there is a great deal f il r gas under the sea. In ther wrds, the sea is the place with s many imprtant things we live in. Hwever, with the wrld ppulatin increased rapidly, verfishing has becme a serius prblem. Every day a lt f rubbishes and waste water are pured int the sea, s the sea is bad plluted. As a result, the number f fish has bviusly decreased. Besides, sme are dying ut r have been died ut. Therefre, it is time fr everybdy prtect the sea.
答案：
As we all knw, ver seventy percent f ur planet eq \(are,\s\d8(is)) cvered by sea, eq \(where,\s\d8(which)) is rich in salt as well as fish. What's mre, there is a great deal f il eq \(r,\s\d8(and)) gas under the sea. In ther wrds, the sea is eq \(the,\s\d8(a)) place with s many imprtant things we lives eq \(in,\s\d8(n)). Hwever, with the wrld ppulatin eq \(increased,\s\d8(increasing)) rapidly, verfishing has becme a serius prblem. Every day a lt f eq \(rubbishes,\s\d8(rubbish)) and waste water are pured int the sea, s the sea is eq \(bad,\s\d8(badly)) plluted. As a result, the number f fish has bviusly decreased. Besides, sme are dying ut r have been died ut. Therefre, it is time fr everybdy eq \(∧,\s\d8(t)) prtect the sea.
解析：
1．考查主谓一致。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖。本句主语是不可数名词ver seventy percent f ur planet，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。所以要把are改为is。
2．考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖，它富含盐和鱼。本句的先行词是sea，关系代词which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中做主语。而where在句中作状语。所以要把where改为which。
3．考查连词。句意：而且，在大海下面有很多的石油和天然气。连词and表示并列关系，通常用在肯定句里。而r表示并列通常用于疑问句否定句里。所以要把r改为and。
4．考查冠词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。根据句意可知应该表示泛指，应该使用不定冠词a表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要把the改为a。
5．考查介词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。动词短语live n“以……为生”。所以要把in改为n。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界人口的迅速增加，过度捕鱼成为一个严重的问题。介词with的宾语the wrld ppulatin与动词increase构成主动关系，要用现在分词increasing充当补足语。所以要把increased改为increasing。
7．考查名词的数。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海。名词rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。所以要把rubbishes改为rubbish。
8．考查副词。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海，大海被污染得很严重。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语修饰名词或代词。句中应该使用副词做状语修饰谓语is plluted。所以要把bad改为badly。
9．考查动词的语态。句意：而且，一些鱼将要“灭绝”或已经灭绝了。动词短语die ut“灭绝”，没有被动语态。所以要删除been。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，现在是每个人保护大海的时候了。句中使用了不定式复合结构fr sb t d sth.。所以要在everybdy后加t。
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