高三英语下学期模拟试题04含解析

这是一份高三英语下学期模拟试题04含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（全国卷）2021届高三英语下学期模拟试题04（含解析）
第一部分 语言运用 （共80分）
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Apollo Missions

“That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”
— Neil Armstrong
Apollo’s Goals
The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.
Apollo 13

Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship. When the associated heater was turned on during flight, the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch: April 11, 1970; splashdown: April 17)
Apollo 14

Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, to space, Apollo 14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point. The crew spent more than nine hours outside the lunar module and set up a number of experiments. Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than 9,000 feet on the lunar surface, pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9)
Apollo 15

For the first time, humans drove a car on the Moon. The first of the Apollo “J” Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon - the mission carried a lunar rover, which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8 hours. They traveled more than 17 miles in the rover, setting up experiments and collecting 170 pounds of samples. Before leaving the lunar surface, Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum, without air resistance, would fall at the same rate. He dropped a geological hammer and a feather, which hit the ground at the same time, proving Galileo right.(Launch: July 26, 1971, lunar landing: July 30: splashdown: Aug. 7)
1. Why has Apollo 13 been called a “successful failure”?
A. Apollo 13 finally exploded as planned in space.
B. All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.
C. The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.
D. The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.
2. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
A. It took five days for Apollo 14 to reach the Moon.
B. The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.
C. Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.
D. Apollo 15 remained in space for the shortest period of time.
3. Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?
A. Booming Science B. Exploring the Unknown
C. Mechanical World D. Transforming Moon
【答案】1-3 CAB
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章简要地讲述了，阿波罗登月计划任务的目标及阿波罗的几次太空登月任务。
1. 细节理解题。由题干关键词successful failure可将答案定位于第三段。由第三段第一句“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”（阿波罗13号被称为“成功的失败”，因为机组人员从未登上过月球，但在爆炸使他们的飞船瘫痪后，他们安全地返回了月球。），可知“成功的失败”是因为船员们设法从一次严重事故中逃脱，返回了地球。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句的斜体字部分“Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9”（发射：1971年1月31日：登月：2月5日：溅落，2月9日），可知阿波罗14号花了五天时间到达月球。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。由第一段的““That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”— Neil Armstrong”（“这对一个男人来说是一小步。对人类来说是一个巨大的飞跃。”——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗），第二段最后一句“Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.”（阿波罗计划的目标不仅仅是让美国人登上月球，还要让他们安全返回地球。）和各段小标题Apollo’s Goals、Apollo 13、Apollo 14和Apollo 15，可知本文讲的是阿波罗太空登月计划，去探索未知的月球，推断出在文章的“探索未知”栏出现。故选B项。
B
Don't you wish those long summer days could last forever? An island in northern Norway is campaigning to do just that.
Sommaroey --- meaning “Summer Island” --- wants to throw away its watches and declare itself the world's first time-free zone. On this island in West Troms, north of the Arctic Circle, the sun doesn't set from May 18 right through to July 26.
The locals, having suffered the long polar night from November to January, when the sun doesn’t rise at all, make the most of these precious months, without regard the conventional(依照惯例的) timekeeping. “When there’s constantly daylight, we act accordingly(照着), says islander Kjell Ove Hveding in statement. “In the middle of the night， which city folk might call ‘2:00 am’, you can spot children playing soccer, people painting their houses or mowing their lawns, and teens going for a swim.”
Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours. Fishing and tourism are the main industries on this island with a population of little more than 300 people. Hveding says local fishermen and women often spend days on the ocean pursuing their catch, with little regard to timekeeping
It’s clear they mean business. Islanders gathered at town hall meeting to sign petition(请愿)for a time-free zone and on June 13, Hveding met with a Norwegian official to hand over the locals' signatures and to discuss the practical and legal challenges of the initiative. “To many of us, getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations,” he says.
Now, when visitors cross the bridge to the island from the mainland, they aren’t greeted with love locks like on similar bridges worldwide. The bridge is covered with watches, as people prepare for entry to the land where time is forgotten.
4. How long are the polar days on Sommaroey?
A. About 2 months. B. About 3 months.
C. About4 months. D. About 5 months.
5. What can we learn about the islanders from the third paragraph?
A. They prefer to work at night.
B. They arrange their time flexibly
C. They can’t distinguish day from night.
D. They are bothered by the constant daylight. 6risa
6. What do the islanders intend to do?
A. Raise locals' awareness of time. B. Make the time-free zone official.
C. Promote their fishing and tourism. D. Have their working hours extended.
7. Which can best replace the underlined part in Paragraph 5?
A. They are traditional. B. They are greedy.
C. They are serious. D. They are friendly.
【答案】4-7 ABBC
【语篇解读】在挪威的索玛罗伊岛，人们抛弃常规的作息时间，实现时间自由。
4. A细节理解题，难度中等，根据第二段第二句 “On this island in West Troms, north of the Arctic Circle, the sun doesn’t set from May18 straight through to July26.” 可知，从5月18日到7月26日太阳都不落山，所以大约有两个月是极昼，故选A。
2. B细节理解题。难度中等，根据第三段可知，在索玛罗伊岛，人们并不遵循常规的生活作息，即使在半夜也有很多人出来活动和工作，也就是说，那里的岛民是灵活安排时间的，故选B。
3. B细节理解题。难度中等。根据倒数第二段第二、三句 “Islanders gathered at town hall meeting to sign petition for a time-free zone and on June 13, Hveding met with a Norwegian official to hand over the locals signatures and to discuss the practical and legal challenges of the initiative” “To many of us, getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations, he says.”可知，岛民签名请愿申请成为时间自由区，使之官方化、正式化，故选B。
4. C词义猜测题。难度较大，分析倒数第二段可知，第一句 “it’s clear they mean business”是本段的总括句，后面的内容都是印证这句话的根据下文内容可知，岛民们请愿申请成为时间自由区并申请官方许可，由此推断，他们对待这件事情的态度是认真、严肃的，故选C。
C
Hundreds of ambulances(救护车) in the UK are still using devices that run on outdate Windows operating systems, making them more vulnerable(易受攻击的) to cyberattacks. The WannaCry ransomware that knocked out computers at dozens of hospitals in 2017 took advantage of a similar vulnerability.
According to data obtained through Freedom of Information(FOI) requests, North East Ambulance Service and Yorkshire Ambulance Service use devices in their ambulances daily that run on Windows XP.
About 500 vehicles run by the Yorkshire Ambulance Service have a mobile device terminal that controls a vehicle’s GPS navigation (导航) and deals with status messages, such as where a patient lives and the type of emergency. Some 350 run on Windows XP, which hasn’t been supported by Microsoft since April 2014. Yorkshire Ambulance Service says it will update these by 15 October.
North East Ambulance Service runs XP on devices in 550 vehicles. London Ambulance Service also says it has five XP devices, but they aren’t connected to the internet.
New Scientist put in FOI requests to all the ambulance trusts in England last year asking whether devices within each trust ran on Windows XP, Windows 98 or Windows 95. Only those mentioned in this article were using outdated versions of Windows and all three refused to provide additional comment.
“In each dual crewed ambulance and rapid response vehicle there is a mobile data terminal, which is controlled by a third party company, Terrafix,” says Yorkshire Ambulance Service in its FOI response. Terrafix didn’t respond to New Scientist’s request for comment.
“Terrafix provides systems to many ambulances, so is a high-level potential target for hackers(黑客)，”says Ray Walsh at advocacy group ProPrivacy. “The company is responsible for systems that provide the information that first responders and paramedics receive while on call,” he says. “If it were to be hacked, criminals could potentially get hold of any patient data that is provided by the mobile data terminal in the ambulance or, worse, interfere with the vital information that enables the ambulance to get to the patient quickly."
Windows XP no longer gets security updates. Potential consequences were seen in 2017, when the WannaCry ransomware attacks took down hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide. More than 60 UK National Health Service trusts were affected, which prevented doctors from accessing patient records and forced the cancellation of many procedures.
WannaCry attacked computers that hadn’t been updated with the latest Windows security patches(补丁) or that ran versions of the operating system that Microsoft no longer supported.
8. What does the FOI data indicate?
A. Hospitals fall victim to cyberattacks.
B. Ambulances in the UK are not well equipped.
C. Windows XP is popular with ambulance services.
D. Ambulance services in the UK provide poor services
9. How did Terrafix respond to New Scientist's FOI request?
A. Coldly. B. Slowly. C. Positively. D. Intelligently.
10. What kind of feeling does Ray Walsh express?
A. Anger. B. Shock. C. Concern. D. Disappointment.
11. What do we know about the WannaCry ransomware attacks in 2017?
A. Microsoft was to blame for them.
B. Their targets were Windows users.
C. Most ambulances in the UK were attacked.
D. Medical services were affected most severely.
【答案】8-11 BACB
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。英国的救护车因电脑操作系统过时而易受黑客攻击。
8. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Hundreds of ambulances in the UK are still using devices that run on outdated Windows operating systems, making them more vulnerable to cyberattacks，第二段的内容和第三段中的Some 350 run on Windows XP, which hasn't been supported by Microsoft since April 2014可知，FOI 数据显示，英国救护车上的电脑操作系统过时。
9. A 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Terrafix didn't respond to New Scientist's request for comment可知，Terrafix对New Scientist的请求不予回应，态度冷淡。
10. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的If it were to be hacked, criminals could potentially get a hold of any patient data that is provided by the mobile data terminal in the ambulance or, worse, interfere with the vital information that enables the ambulance to get to the patient quickly可知，Ray Walsh的话语中流露出一丝担心。Terrafix公司所掌握的数据一旦被黑客攻击，将会造成重大损失。
11. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的WannaCry attacked computers that hadn't been updated with the latest Windows security patches or that ran versions of the operating system that Microsoft no longer supported可知，蠕虫勒索病毒专门攻击那些未及时更新的使用Windows操作系统的电脑。

D
Some termite (白蚁) species have figured out how to enjoy the shelter of the huge complex nests that the insects build without contributing to their construction. They avoid the full anger of their builder hosts by being extremely easy-going.
Animals that live in the nests of another species without affecting them are known as inquilines. Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster. Until now, it has been unclear how the two parties kept peaceful in such tight quarters because termites are typically very aggressive towards outsiders.
Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.
Right from the start, the inquiline’ termites moved around less than their hosts and interacted little with them, even in the much narrower area. “Many times,” says Hugo, “when two unrelated groups are put together in a limited space—such as an experimental area—the outcome is conflict with losses from both sides.” But that didn’t happen here. Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.
“We did not expect that they would never fight back,” says Hugo, noting that the inquilines are capable of protecting their own place with mouths. “By preventing conflict going worse, inquiline termites may considerably improve their chances of living together with their host termites peacefully.”
“Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).”
12. What is the feature of the inquiline termites?
A. They live in another termite species’ nests.
B. They are aggressive towards outsiders.
C. They like to build their own nests.
D. They are communicative tenants.
13. What do you learn about the experiment in paragraph 3?
A. The differences between the two species.
B. The findings of the observation.
C. The living habits of termites.
D. The process of the research.
14. What does Hugo think of the inquiline termites’ living strategy?
A. Aggressive. B. Unacceptable. C. Effective. D. Dangerous.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The Characteristics of Termites
B. Passiveness Doesn’t Necessarily Lead to Defeat
C. The Relationship Between Host and Tenant Termites
D. Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’ Anger
【答案】 12-15 ADCD
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了寄居白蚁自己不筑巢，而是寄居在别的白蚁的巢穴中，这些白蚁用示弱来躲避巢穴主人的愤怒。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，寄居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，它们生活在另一种白蚁Constrictotermes cyphergaster建造的巢穴里。）可知，寄居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建造的巢穴中。由此可知，寄居白蚁的特征是它们生活在另一种白蚁的巢穴里。故选A项。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.”（德国康斯坦茨大学的赫尔德·雨果和他的同事们在巴西塞拉多收集了Constrictotermes cyphergaster的巢穴，并把它们带进了实验室。然后，他们将主人和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭窄的区域，并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。）可知，本段主要介绍的是研究的过程，首先把收集到的巢穴带进实验室，然后将主人和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭窄的区域，并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。由此可知，在第三段中我们了解到了实验研究的过程。故选D项。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.”（尽管受到主人白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主人会用强烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主人。）可知，面对主人的攻击，寄生白蚁选择逃跑。根据文章最后一段内容““Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).””（“被动不一定会导致失败，但可以是一个非常有用的战略，节省能源和资源，”她补充说。“大自然未必总是红的牙齿和爪子，侵略也不是比‘懦弱’更成功的策略。”）可知，在雨果看来，寄生白蚁逃跑的被动反应是一个非常有用的战略。由此可知，雨果认为寄生白蚁的生存策略是有效的。故选C项。
15. 主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第二段关键句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，寄居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，它们生活在另一种白蚁Constrictotermes cyphergaster建造的走廊里。）和第四段关键句“Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.”（尽管受到主人白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主人会用强烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主人。）可知，文章主要讲述了寄居白蚁独特的生存方式，他们不能够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建造的巢穴中，并且利用自己的“懦弱”来避免和巢穴主人发生冲突，以实现居住的目的。“Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’ Anger”意为“白蚁用怯懦来躲避主人的愤怒”，为短文最佳标题。故选D项。
二、七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you are new to the neighborhood
When you move into a new neighborhood, building or city block, you always wonder who your new neighbors will be. After a move, there’s just so much to do that you often leave getting to know the neighbors until last. ____16_____ Knowing your neighbors, however, provides a safer community, one where people are looking out for each other. ____17_____ To help, use these time-saving guides.
To begin with, host housewarming(乔迁盛宴) party. A party is perfect way for you and your family to meet neighbors and make new friends. ____18_____ Guests know that you've just moved and won't be expecting you to host a grand get-together. And even though you may have only just met, ask people to help out by bringing chairs or glasses or snacks.
Meanwhile, get involved in your new community, whether it’s volunteering or finding a new job or getting involved with your child's school. Every time you leave your home, make it a point to be friendly and approachable. You'll do this by body language. ____19_____
If you have children, they 'll be missing their old neighborhood and friends and will be having a hard time adjusting to your new home and settling into new school. To help them feel more at home and settled, get them involved in the new community. Accompany your kids to and from the school bus stop. This is also a good way to introduce yourself. ____20_____
Feeling at home in your new home and neighborhood takes time and effort on your part, but in the long run, it is well worthwhile.
A. Keep it simple.
B. And more often than not, it's something you never do.
C. Go door to door and introduce yourself to new neighbors.
D. Often just a wave and a smile can make a huge difference.
E. You’re likely to meet other parents who are doing the same.
F. Besides, you might just make some really strong, long-lasting friendships.
G. Some ideas may be to take walks around the neighborhood in the early evenings or on the weekends.
【答案】16-20 BFADE
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。乔迁新居后，如何结交新邻居，让自己和家人在新的环境中快乐生活呢?本文作者提出了一些建议。
16. B 根据第一段第二句 After move, there’s just so much to do that you often leave getting to know the neighbors until last(搬家之后，你们要做的事情太多了，所以你们常常会在最后才去结识邻居。)可知，搬新家后，很多人不会很快去结识邻居。选项B意思是“很多情况下，(结识邻居)这件事你们根本就不会去做。”。前后句意义上自然衔接。
17. F 根据第一段第四句Knowing your neighbors， however， provides safer community， one where people are looking out for each other.( 然而，认识你的邻居会使你居住在一个更安全的社区，一个人们互相关心的地方。)可知，这里说的是认识新邻居的好处。选项F也是说结识新邻居的好处，与前一句意义上存在顺延关系。
18. A 根据第二段第四句Guests know that you’ve just moved and won’t be expecting you to host grand get-together. (客人知道你刚刚搬家了，不会指望你办一个盛大的聚会。)
可知，你办一个简单的宴会就可以了(Keep it simple. )
19. D 根据第三段第三句You l do this by body language.( 你会通过肢体语言来做到这一点。) 可知，接下来要用具体的例子说明肢体语言的运用。
20. E 根据第四段第三句 Accompany your kids to and from the school bus stop.(在学校巴士站接送你的孩子。) 以及第四段最后一句This is also good way to introduce yourself.( 这也是你自我介绍的一个好方法。)可知，空格处应该说在学校巴士站接送你的孩子的好处。选项E意思是“你有可能遇到同样(到学校巴士站接送孩子)的家长”，符合上下文语境。
三、完形填空：（共15题；每题1分）请认真阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.
In such a lesser-known wildlife reserve, there were no other guests except me. Somehow that night, festivities with the staff reached a point where it seemed a good idea to go for a ____21_____. So we ran down to the river and dived into it. What ____22_____ me the next day, as I had a much-needed coffee overlooking the river, was seeing large croc(鳄鱼) moving past the very ____23_____ spot. Some people need a bit of ____24_____ to get themselves going, while others willingly throw themselves into potentially ____25_____ situations, and come out the other side transformed.
Walking in the wild can do that. Riding wild rivers, too. Once you take that first step onto ground ____26_____ with the tracks of wild beasts, or put your paddle(桨) into fast-flowing- river for the first time, you cross a divide into world of ____27_____. Your senses are heightened, your vision sharpens and your ears tune in. It’s what our wild ancestors ____28_____ on a daily basis. So we return to seek out that thrill, to ____29_____ our domestic lives and remind ourselves what it is to live.
There are ____30_____ for everyone. Some dip their toe in, and some fully commit. Either way, people take that step to immerse(融入) themselves in the world. Recently, three unrelated groups of ____31_____ did just that: walking hundreds of kilometres among dangerous beasts, through wildlife reserves over as many as 21 days. Can it get any ____32_____? There are also kayakers(划皮划艇的人) who flew down ____33_____ rivers，showing us that，for all the thrills，it’s the ____34_____ aspects that they enjoy most, those trips where they sleep riverside, beneath the stars.
Their goal was to draw attention to the effect of the pandemic on local communities and conservation and they ____35_____ caught our attention.
21. A. walk B. ride C. swim D. coffee
22. A. excited B. surprised C. touched D. frightened
23. A. same B. perfect C. popular D. special
24. A. energy B. courage C. patience D. wisdom
25. A. tricky B. dangerous C. real D. embarrassing
26. A. marked B. connected C. replaced D. charged
27. A. harmony B. calmness C. security D. uncertainty
28. A. treasured B. remembered C. experienced D. abandoned
29. A. live B. devote C. escape D. compare
30. A. degrees B. tours C. samples D. outlines
31. A. scientists B. volunteers C. athletes D. adventurers
32. A. wilder B. easier C. faster D. newer
33. A. short B. fierce C. beautiful D. famous
34. A. positive B. quiet C. practical D. lonely
35. A. suddenly B. normally C. eventually D. undoubtedly
【答案】21-25 CDABB 26-30 ADCCA 31-35 DABBD
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。亲近大自然，像我们的祖先一样感受野外的力量，让平凡的生活多一些新鲜与刺激。
21. C。根据下文中的we ran down to the river and dived into it可知，他们当晚决定去“游泳（swim）”。
22. D。根据文中的seeing a large croc moving可知，让作者“感到害怕（frightened）”的是，就在他们昨天游泳的“同一（same）”地点，一只鳄鱼正在游过。
23. A。根据文中的seeing a large croc moving可知，让作者“感到害怕（frightened）”的是，就在他们昨天游泳的“同一（same）”地点，一只鳄鱼正在游过。
24. B。根据文中的while others willingly throw themselves into potentially可知，尽管有些人会乐意置身于有潜在“危险（dangerous）” 的环境中，但有些人需要点“勇气（courage）”才敢过去。前后两种情况形成对比。
25. B。根据文中的while others willingly throw themselves into potentially可知，尽管有些人会乐意置身于有潜在“危险（dangerous）” 的环境中，但有些人需要点“勇气（courage）”才敢过去。前后两种情况形成对比。
26. A。根据上文中的wild和下文中的the tracks of wild beasts可知，路上有野兽“留下（marked）”的足迹。
27. D。根据上文中的in the wild 和 wild rivers可知，踏入野外后，将进入一个充满“不确定（uncertainty）”因素的世界。
28. C。根据下文中的return可知，上文提到的情况都是我们的祖先“经历（experienced）”过的。
29. C。根据上文中的seek out that thrill可知，到野外去可以“逃离（escape）”居家生活。
30. A。根据下文中的Some dip their toe in, and some fully commit可知，有人浅尝辄止，有人完全投入，“程度（degrees）”不一。
31. D。根据下文所介绍的户外活动及其目的可知，参与者最有可能是“冒险者（adventurers）”。
32. A。上文所描写的活动已经够野了，此处作者用Can it get any wilder?来表达这些活动确实够野。
33. B。根据上文中的dangerous和thrill可知，此处“湍急的（fierce）”河流符合语境。
34. B。根据下文中的they sleep riverside, beneath the stars可知，经历过刺激之后，人们更追求之后的“安静（quiet）”。
35. D。根据上文可知，这些探险者希望吸引人们的眼球，而他们确实被人们注意到了，所以选undoubtedly。

四、语法填空：（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diego Maradona, the Argentine soccer great who scored the “Hand of God” goal in 1986 and ____36_____ (lead) his country to that year's World Cup title, has died. He was 60. Maradona’s spokesman, Sebastián Sanchi, said he died Wednesday of heart attack, two weeks after being released from a hospital in Buenos Aires ____37_____ (follow) brain surgery.
The office of Argentina’s president said it will decree(颁布法令) three days of national mourning, and the Argentine soccer association expressed ____38_____ (it) sorrow on Twitter.
Maradona captivated ____39_____ (fan) around the world over a two-decade career with a fascinating style of play. Although his reputation ____40_____ (influence) by an ill-fated spell in charge of the national team, he remained idolized(偶像) in Argentina ____41_____“Golden Boy”.
“You took us to the top of the world,”Argentine President Alfredo Fernández said on social media.“You made us ____42_____ (incredible) happy. You were the greatest of all.”
The No.10 he wore on his shirt became synonymous with(同义)him, as it also had with Pele, the Brazilian great with ____43_____ Maradona was regularly paired as the best of all time.
“What sad news,” Pele said Wednesday. “I lost ____44_____ great friend and the world lost a legend. May God give ____45_____ (strong) to family members. One day, hope we can play ball together in the sky.”
【答案】36. led 37. following 38. its 39. fans 40. was influenced 41. as
42. incredibly 43. whom 44. a 45. strength
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了阿根廷足球巨星迭戈·马拉多纳去世的消息，并介绍了其生平的一些事迹。
36. 考查动词时态。句意：阿根廷足球巨星迭戈·马拉多纳去世，他曾在1986年射入“上帝之手”进球，并带领阿根廷赢得了当年的世界杯冠军。 and前后为并列成分，空处和scored并列，需填lead的过去式，构成一般过去时。故填led。
37. 考查介词。句意：马拉多纳的发言人塞巴斯蒂安·桑奇说，马拉多纳周三死于心脏病发作，两周前他在布宜诺斯艾利斯的一家医院接受了脑部手术。结合语境可知，此处使介词following，表示“在（某事）之后”，following brain surgery“脑部手术之后”。故填following。
38. 考查代词。句意：阿根廷总统办公室表示，将下令全国哀悼三天，阿根廷足球协会在推特上表达了哀悼之情。修饰名词sorrow，需用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
39. 考查名词。句意：马拉多纳在20年的职业生涯中以其迷人的球风吸引了全世界的球迷。空处需填名词作宾语，fan为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填fans。
40. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管他的名声受到了执教国家队那段不幸经历的影响，但他仍被阿根廷人奉为“金童”。设空处为从句谓语动词，根据remained可知，使用一般过去时，主语reputation和influence为被动关系，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was influenced。
41. 考查介词。句意：尽管他的名声受到了执教国家队那段不幸经历的影响，但他仍被阿根廷人奉为“金童”。结合语境可知，空处需填介词“作为”，as意为“作为”。故填as。
42. 考查副词。句意：你让我们非常开心。空处修饰形容词happy，需用副词作状语。故填incredibly。
43. 考查定语从句。句意：他球衣上的10号球衣成为了他的代名词，同样也成为了贝利的代名词，马拉多纳一直被认为是巴西伟大球员贝利的最佳搭档。空处引导定语从句，先行词Pele，指人，在定语从句中作with的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
44. 考查冠词。句意：我失去了一位伟大的朋友，世界失去了一位传奇人物。friend为可数名词，此处表示泛指，great发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
45. 考查名词。句意：愿神赐力量给家庭成员。空处需填名词作动词give的宾语，strength意为“力量”，是抽象名词，不可数。故填strength。
第二部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校学生会将举办垃圾分类中英文海报设计大赛，你是负责人。请在你校英文网站写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 大赛目的；
2. 作品要求；
3. 作品展出方式及颁奖时间。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Notice
Garbage Classification Poster Design Competition
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Council
【答案】One possible version:
Notice
Garbage Classification Poster Design Competition
To raise awareness of garbage classification and help students form a good habit, we will hold a competition to design a poster about garbage classification.
The competition is open to anyone. The designs, using both Chinese and English, can be hand-drawn or digitally produced. Submissions can be made as an individual or as a team. Please hand in your work before July 22nd to Mr. Li in Room 102. The designs will be displayed from July 23rd to September 10th in the school hall and on our school website. The award ceremony will be held on September 15th and the awards for winners will be amazing.
We are looking forward to lots of creative designs.
Student Council
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生写一则通知，介绍你校学生会将要举办的垃圾分类中英文海报设计大赛。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：三段式：第一段介绍大赛目的，引出主题；第二段介绍作品要求、作品展出方式及颁奖时间；第三段表示期待大家的参与。
要求：1. 介绍大赛目的
2. 介绍作品要求
3. 介绍作品展出方式及颁奖时间
第二步:列提纲 （重点单词及词组）
raise awareness of… (提高……的认识); form a good habit (养成好习惯); garbage classification (垃圾分类); competition (比赛); digitally (数码地); individual (个人); hand in (上交); display (展出); award ceremony (颁奖典礼); look forward to (期待，盼望)
第三步：连词成句
1. We will hold a competition to design a poster about garbage classification.
2. The competition is open to anyone.
3. The designs, using both Chinese and English, can be hand-drawn or digitally produced.
4. Submissions can be made as an individual or as a team.
5. Please hand in your work before July 22nd to Mr. Li in Room 102.
6. The designs will be displayed from July 23rd to September 10th in the school hall and on our school website.
7. The award ceremony will be held on September 15th and the awards for winners will be amazing.
8. We are looking forward to lots of creative designs.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表文章结构顺序：first of all; to begin with; firstly/first; secondly/second… ; and then; finally; in the end; at last
2. 表并列补充关系：What’s more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; not only… but also…; as well as; both…and… (本篇文章使用过)
3. 表转折对比关系：but; however; on the contrary; instead; although; in spite of; on the one hand…, on the other hand…; some…, while others…
4. 表因果关系：because; because of; for; so; since; thus; therefore; as a result; why
5. 表总结：in short; in a word; in conclusion; in summary; all in all; generally speaking
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
根据写作内容需要，加入高级句式，如名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句等，或合理运用非谓语动词，丰富文章内容：
We will hold a competition to design a poster about garbage classification.本句用来介绍学生会将举办垃圾分类海报设计大赛。可以使用不定式作目的状语，进一步介绍举办比赛的目的。润色修改为：To raise awareness of garbage classification and help students form a good habit, we will hold a competition to design a poster about garbage classification.
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中合理使用了非谓语动词，如：To raise awareness of garbage classification and help students form a good habit, we will hold a competition to design a poster about garbage classification.，这句话为不定式在句中作目的状语；其次，使用了一些固定短语，如：raise awareness of… ; form a good habit; look forward to等，使语言更加丰富；同时使用了一些高级词汇，如competition; digitally; individual等，让语言更加地道。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节 (满分25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。Ariana caught another whiff(难闻的味道) and tried to hold her breath. She moved away
slightly, but Ashley only moved closer and continued talking. Ariana felt trapped. She badly wanted to tell Ashley that she didn't smell very good. But how could she do that without hurting Ashley's' feelings? Instead, she gathered the remains of her lunch to throw in the trash, thankful for the excuse to get some fresh air. She looked back to see Ashley eating quietly. Ashley's hair was tangled (乱糟糟的), and her clothes were dirty. Ariana forced herself to go back to the table and take her seat, vowing that she would not sit with Ashley tomorrow.
When Ariana got home from school, she complained to her mother, "There's a girl named Ashley who likes to sit next to me in school, but she smells bad. "
“She's probably having a tough day," said her mother. "
“No, it's not just one day. She smells bad a lot," Ariana explained. "Nobody else likes to sit next to her, either.”
"I don't think you understand Ashley's situation, so let me ask you this ..."Her mother's tone was serious. "Who makes sure that your hair is combed every morning so you'll look nice when you go to school?"
"You do," answered Ariana.
"Who makes sure you're bathed and cleaned every day? And your clothes are washed and neatly ironed?"
"You and Daddy," Ariana said again.
"Do you live in a nice home? Do you have enough to eat?"
Ariana nodded, beginning to Teel guilty. She was starting to understand now. Ashley couldn't help with her situation because she was only eight years old-the same age as Ariana. Grown-ups are supposed to take care of kids.
"Why doesn't her family take better care of her?" Ariana asked.
"Not all children live in the best situation," her mother said. "The best thing you can do for Ashley is to treat her with kindness and sympathy."
注意: 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Ariana bit her bottom lip, pity for Ashley filling her heart.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
At the end of the school year, the second grade prepared to go on a field trip to the zoo. ___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】
Para1:
Ariana bit her bottom lip. Pity for Ashley filled her heart. She vowed that from now on she would be the best friend that she could be to Ashley. At school, Ariana voluntarily sat next to Ashley. She partnered with Ashley to help with her schoolwork. On the days that Ashley smelled bad, she moved away a little or politely asked Ashley for a little room. She was always careful not to hurt Ashley’s feelings.
Para2:
At the end of the school year, the second grade prepared to go on a field trip to the zoo. The day before the trip, the teacher announced that the class needed to bring lunch from home. Ashley was absent, and Ariana worried that her friend would not have lunch because Ashley always ate the school lunch. Therefore, the next day, Ariana asked her mom to make an extra lunch for Ashley—just in case. When Ariana got to school, she discovered that she had been right. Ashley had not brought any lunch for the field trip. When Ariana gave the lunch to Ashley, she saw tears well up Ashley’s eyes.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ariana上学回家后，向母亲抱怨同桌Ashley身上散发出的难闻的气味，不乐意与她坐再一起。母亲听后，试着说服孩子理解并善待Ashley。Ariana开始理解 Ashley，心里充满了对 Ashley的同情。
【段落续写】
1. 首句推敲
Ariana bit her bottom lip, pity for Ashley filling her heart. (从段首语可知，Ariana心里充满了对Ashley的同情，从文章可知，经过妈妈的劝说，riana开始理解 Ashley，故接下来应该续写 Ariana是如何帮助 Ashley的，如果再闻到 Ashley身上的味道, Ariana会怎么做呢?)
At the end of the school year, the second grade prepared to go on field trip to the zoo. (从段首语可知，二年级学生要去动物园郊游，在郊游前和郊游中会发生什么事情呢?由文章最后一句 The best thing you can do for Ashley is to treat her with kindness and sympathy可知，此处应重点描述 Ariana如何帮助 Ashley)
2. 续写思路
Ariana心里充满了对 Ashley的同情—她发今后要成为 Ashley最好的朋友一她主动坐到 Ashley的旁边—Ariana帮助 Ashley---Ariana巧妙地避免闻到 Ashley身上散发出的味道——去动物园郊游—-老师通知大家郊游时自带午餐---Ashley没带午餐---Ariana帮 Ashley带了午餐— Ashley很感谢 Ariana
3. 词汇激活
动作类: vow 发誓； partner 成为搭档；make an extra lunch额外多准备一份午餐
情绪类：voluntarily自愿；careful 谨慎的；politely礼貌地
【点睛】答案行文流畅，过渡自然。内容与原文融洽度较高。续写中写到Ariana主动坐在 Ashley旁边与原文中 She moved away slightly，vowing that she would not sit with Ashley tomorrow形成了鲜明的对比，突出Ariana对 Ashley态度的转变，情节生动。
[高分句型1]She vowed that from now on she would be the best friend that she could be to Ashley. （本句使用了高级词汇vow; 并使用了复合句：第一个that从句为宾语从句，第二个引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]. When Ariana gave the lunch to Ashley, she saw tears well up Ashley’s eyes. （when引导时间状语从句，主句中well up Ashley’s eyes是宾语补足语结构）