英语Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction课后测评

UNIT3CONSERVATION

SectionC　WRITINGWORKSHOP&VIEWINGWORKSHOP&READINGCLUB&ASSESSMENT

课后篇巩固提升

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.It is a good 　　　　　(论文) apart from a few slight faults. 

答案essay

2.　　　　　 (有机的) produce is very healthy. 

答案Organic

3.Can you put me through to the president office of the 　　　　　(研究院)? 

答案institute

4.There is not much　　　　　 (家禽肉) in the shops. 

答案poultry

5.We gain an advantage over our o　　　　 because of much more resources. 

答案opponent

6.The scientist c　　　　 to have invented a new kind of car. 

答案claimed

7.The government declared war on the 　　　　　(毒品) dealers. 

答案drug

8.We were astonished to find the 　　　　　(寺院)still in its original condition. 

答案temple

9.A stream is winding it’s way through the 　　　　　(山谷) into the river. 

答案valley

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.School officials say they welcome parental 　　　　　(involve). 

答案involvement

2.She was shocked by the 　　　　　(cruel) of his words,thinking he was too hard on her. 

答案cruelty

3.The　　　　　 (scene) spot is in the south of Beijing. 

答案scenic

4.The area is of special 　　　　　(history) interest. 

答案historic

5.Even in advanced 　　　　　(agriculture) societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 

答案agricultural

6.You have a tendency to avoid　　　　　 (argue). 

答案argument

7.Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinese still observe 　　　　　(tradition) customs. 

答案traditional

8.The last few years have seen　　　　　 (environment) disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come. 

答案environmental

9.The majority of people would not support this type of 　　　　　(science) research. 

答案scientific

10.There are sometimes great 　　　　　(culture) differences even between native English speakers. 

答案cultural

Ⅲ.短语填空

in that way, apart from, sum up, for instance, home to, fight for, suffer from, at the rate of, on top of that, be located in

1.I enjoyed,　　　　　　　,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. 

答案for instance

2.To 　　　　　　　,it’s worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge. 

答案sum up

3.I’d prefer to do it in this way rather than 　　　　　　. 

答案in that way

4.　　　　　　　 this,the actual cost of misused light is estimated to be millions of dollars every year. 

答案Apart from

5.He has 　　　　　　　the lung cancer for many years. 

答案suffered from

6.No matter what happens in the court,the judges must stand for us to 　　　　　　　the justice of our cause. 

答案fight for

7.The island is　　　　　　　 many birds and animals. 

答案home to

8.Narvik 　　　　　　　the north of Norway. 

答案is located in

9.　　　　　　　,he believes in working for money. 

答案On top of that

10.The train was going 　　　　　　　95 kilometres an hour. 

答案at the rate of

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.另一方面,黑色令人压抑。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,black is depressing. 

答案On the other hand

2.他们匆忙地回家了,又饿又冷。

They went home in a hurry,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案hungry and cold

3.这个书包和我昨天丢失的一样。

This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I lost yesterday. 

答案the same bag as

4.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

He stared at his friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案with his mouth wide open

5.他死了,留下妻子和五个孩子。

He died,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with five children. 

答案leaving his wife

关键能力提升练

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020江西南昌六校期末联考)

A new study has found that North American migratory(迁徙的) birds have been getting smaller over the past 40 years.Researchers say the finding suggests a warming climate(气候) could be affecting bird growth in North America—and across the world.

The study was recently published in EcologyLetters.Researchers measured(测量) the size of 80,000 birds killed from 1978 to 2016 during the spring and fall migrations in the city of Chicago,Illinois.Over the 40-year period,body size decreased in all 52 species.The average body weight fell by 2.6 percent.Leg bone length dropped by 2.4 percent.The one area of growth was the wingspan,which increased by 1.3 percent.

The researchers said the wing growth likely happened to allow the birds to continue making long migrations with smaller bodies.The study considered a principle known as Bergmann’s rule,in which individuals within a species grow smaller in warmer areas and grow larger in colder ones.

Brian Weeks,a biologist at the University of Michigan’s School for Environment and Sustainability,helped lead the research.He said that he believes the results show a clear connection between a warming climate and the growth of the birds.“In other words,climate change seems to be changing both the size and shape of these species,” he said.

The study found a direct connection between the average summer temperature and the body size of the birds.Dave Willard works with Chicago’s Field Museum,which was in charge of measuring all the birds.He said nearly “everyone agrees that the climate is warming,but examples of just how that is affecting the natural world are only now coming to light.” 

“We had good reason to expect that increasing temperatures would lead to reductions in body size,based on earlier studies,” Weeks said.“I was incredibly surprised that all of these species are responding in such similar ways.”

The researchers plan to continue studying the Field Museum data in an effort to find additional evidence to support their findings.They will also further examine the idea that an individual’s physical development can change to fit changing environmental conditions.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长。

1.Which of the following didn’t go down to a lower level?

A.The body size.

B.The body weight.

C.The leg bone length.

D.The wingspan.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theaveragebodyweightfellby2.6percent.Legbonelengthdroppedby2.4percent.Theoneareaofgrowthwasthewingspan,whichincreasedby1.3percent.”可知,翼展的尺寸没有变小。故选D项。

2.Which of the following took responsibility for measuring the birds?

A.EcologyLetters.

B.Brian Weeks.

C.The Field Museum.

D.Dave Willard.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“DaveWillardworkswithChicago’sFieldMuseum,whichwasinchargeofmeasuringallthebirds.”可知,DaveWillard就职于芝加哥菲尔德博物馆,该博物馆负责测量所有鸟类。故选C项。

3.What do the underlined words “coming to light” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Known. B.Similar.

C.Intelligent. D.Distant.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Wehadgoodreasontoexpectthatincreasingtemperatureswouldleadtoreductionsinbodysize,basedonearlierstudies,”可知,画线词语所在句指的是每个人都同意气候正在变暖,但关于气候变暖如何影响自然界的例子直到现在才为人所知。画线部分的意思是“知道”,故选A项。

4.Themainideaofthepassageisthat　　　. 

A.fifty-twospeciesofbirdsbecamesmaller

B.thewarmingclimatecouldaffectbirdgrowth

C.thewarmingclimatemakesthebirdsgrowlarger

D.theresearchershaveprovedtheirfindings

答案B

解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Researcherssaythefindingsuggestsawarmingclimate(气候)couldbeaffectingbirdgrowthinNorthAmerica—andacrosstheworld.”可知,研究人员表示,这一发现表明气候变暖可能会影响北美乃至全球的鸟类生长,由此可知本文的主要观点是气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长,故选B项。

B

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020黑龙江哈尔滨高一期末考试)

In the past 50 years,the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold.In coastal water bodies,including river mouths and seas,low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.

“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,” said Denise Breitburg,a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.Actually,it’s a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism,including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”

In areas traditionally called “dead zones”,like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”.Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals,hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide,a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can boom in “dead zones”,overall biodiversity falls.

Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean.Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean.Furthermore,as the ocean as a whole gets warmer,it holds less oxygen.In coastal waters,too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms,which use up oxygen as they die and break down.

People’s livelihoods are also on the line,the scientists reported,especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人类活动导致全球变暖,气候变化影响海洋生物的生存,这些会相应地影响人类的生存,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。

5.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen.

B.The amount of sea water is increasing.

C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous.

D.Earth becomes warmer and warmer.

答案A

解析段落大意题。通过第一段可知海洋面临的现状,在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多,低氧地区自1950年以来增加了十倍多。科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气含量也会继续下降,故选A项。

6.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg’s words?

A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.

B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.

C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.

D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段中DeniseBreitburg所说的话可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大,由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B项。

7.How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals?

A.It offers more food.

B.It forms dangerous gas.

C.It reduces their living areas.

D.It produces more carbon dioxide.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“Inareastraditionallycalled‘deadzones’...oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.”可知,在“死亡地带”,氧气大幅下跌,许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C项。

8.How can we win the war according to the text?

A.By closing smaller fisheries.

B.By controlling humans’ bad activities.

C.By improving people’s living standards.

D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it’sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.”可知,是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B项。

Ⅵ.应用文写作

(2020安徽宿州十三所省重点中学联考)

如今灭绝的物种越来越多,保护濒危动物尤为重要。现就如何保护濒危动物写一篇文章,内容如下:

1.动物濒危的原因;

2.保护的措施;

3.呼吁大家。

注意:

1.词数80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考范文

Everyone knows animals are our friends.But many animals are facing the danger of extinction,because the environment that they are living in has been destroyed greatly.What’s worse,human race is killing them just for getting their fur,skin,teeth and meat.

In order to protect our resources of ecology,our government should pass laws and forbid people to hunt the animals in danger.We can work together to plant more trees and call for protecting animals’ habitats.At the same time,it is necessary to have long-term projects to help the endangered animals.

Only if we protect animals well can we have a bright future!

Ⅶ.概要写作

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

The word“ecosystem” is short for ecological system.An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms such as plants,animals and humans coexist in this world.So naturally that includes you and me.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!

There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment.Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage cohabitation(共居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.

Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,micro-organism and even humans,of course.Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.

Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.Humans should not disturb the natural habitat of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.

参考范文

An ecosystem is the natural environment for all biological organisms to coexist.(要点1) Ecosystems have different varieties,either naturally made ones or artificial ones.(要点2) Plants,as the natural producers for everyone,are the biggest part of an ecosystem.(要点3) We need to care for all the living and non-living things to survive.(要点4) To achieve the purpose,we should pay attention to issues like the overuse of energy,disturbance of natural habitats and overpopulation.(要点5)

文化意识

HowManySpeciesAreEndangered?

There are 26,500 species threatened with extinction,according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),a global network of some 16,000 scientists.That includes 40 percent of amphibian species,33 percent of reef-building corals,25 percent of mammals,and 14 percent of birds.There are now only 7,000 cheetahs left,and the number of African lions is down 43 percent since 1993.Only about 100 Amur leopards—often poached for their beautiful coats—are left in the wild in southeastern Russia and China.A third of insect species are endangered,and the total number of bugs on Earth is dropping by 2.5 percent every year.“There are examples of species all over the world that are essentially the walking dead,” said biologist Paul Ehrlich.

高分写作

观点对比类作文

一、审题定调

观点对比类作文又称为正反观点类作文,主要是就社会上出现的某一个问题进行讨论。首先对问题进行客观的陈述;然后说明当前正反两方面的看法以及各自的理由;最后作者发表自己的观点。

二、谋篇布局

该写作任务可以分成三个部分。

第一部分:开门见山,直接说出观点;

第二部分:陈述赞成或者反对的理由;

第三部分:个人看法。

三、写作模板

There is a discussion about/on 　　　　　. 

Opinions are divided on the question.　　　　　 agree,for they believe that 　　　　　.For one thing,　　　　　.For another thing,　　　　　.Furthermore/Besides,　　　　　.However,　　　　　 disagree with 　　　　　.They hold the view that 　　　　　.First of all,　　　　　.Moreover,　　　　　.Most important of all,　　　　　. 

In my opinion/As far as I am concerned,　　　　　. 

四、组织语言

1.The topic of the discussion is becoming more and more popular recently.讨论的话题最近变得越来越流行。

2.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favourite.关于这件事有两种观点。有些人说A是他们的最爱。

3.They hold their view for the reason of...他们坚持他们的观点是因为……

4.While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.而另一些人认为B是更好的选择,有以下三个原因。

5.From my point of view...在我看来,我认为……

6.The reason is that...原因是……

7.As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.事实上,还有其他一些原因可以解释我的选择。对我来说,前者无疑是一个明智的选择。

8.Some people believe that...For example,they think...And it will bring them...有些人认为……例如,他们认为……它会带给他们……

9.In my opinion,I never think this reason can be the point.在我看来,我从来没有认为这个原因是关键。

10.From all that I have said,I agree to the thought that...从我所说的一切来看,我同意……的想法。

现在很多青少年出国留学,有的人认为这种做法是有益的,也有人认为这种做法不正确。请你以Views on Teenagers Studying Abroad为题,写一篇有关青少年出国留学的英语文章。

注意:

1.词数80左右;

2.谈谈自己的看法;

3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考范文

ViewsonTeenagersStudyingAbroad

Recently,more and more teenagers choose to study abroad.

Many people think that it will certainly do good to the children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.Moreover,the quality of overseas education is often higher,thus the child can get a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.However,many others disagree with it.On the one hand,early independent life is not necessarily good.On the other hand,the educational quality is also a problem.

In my opinion,although studying abroad may bring favourable results,there are still a lot to worry about.It’s necessary for the parents and the young students to think second before making the decision.