2021学年Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero课后练习题

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero课时作业

Learning about language

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

There is an old Chinese proverb that states“One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade”， and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the hierarchy (等级) and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.

Marina, 27 years old, says，“I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying.

While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.

Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if they aren’t speaking for some unfortunate reason. The mother and child relationship is still closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship.Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well­being. It isn’t that they don’t care deeply about their mothers. It’s just that they shouldn’t be burdened with their mother’s well­being.

The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always “trumps” friends.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，母女之间虽然有许多共同之处，她们的关系也可以很亲密，但不会成为最好的朋友，因为母女关系不同于朋友关系，它独具特点。

1．The underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．

A．differ　　　　　　　　　 B．prevent

C．benefit                  D．change

解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后两句可知，母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务及无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友。后一句是对前一句的解释，说明为何母女关系不同于朋友关系。由此可知，画线词“preclude”意为“妨碍”。故选B项，意为“妨碍，阻止”。

2．What do we know from the passage?

A．The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.

B．A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.

C．The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship.

D．Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，友谊关系可以停止，但母女关系会永远存在下去。由此可知C项正确，即母女关系超越了友谊。

3．The author proves his statements mainly by ________.

A．listing data        B．giving explanations

C．quoting sayings        D．making examples

解析：选B　写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊。第二段引用Marina的观点说明这种不同性；第三至五段分别从母女关系中的共性因素、不同责任因素、母爱因素阐明了引起这种不同性的原因。故选B项，意为“解释说明”。

4．What is the best title for the passage?

A．How to be a good mother and daughter

B．Who is a mother’s best friend?

C．A friend in need is a friend indeed

D．Can a mother be a daughter’s best friend?

解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文属于议论文，第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于朋友关系。其余各段分别从不同角度论证了这个观点。因此答案选D项，与文章中心一致。

B

You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you’re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (奖杯)?

If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She’s a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.

“The trophy has to stand for something，” Dweck told TFK. “If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving  in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.

Others say that there’s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.

“I think we should encourage kids’ participation in sports，” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College,  in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids’ efforts.”

Barish argues that when we single_out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. “Winning is only part of the equation (等式)，” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”

There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.

语篇解读：如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。

5．According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?

A．Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.

B．David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.

C．Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.

D．Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck认为，获奖的运动员未必是最好的运动员。她认为，进步最大的、对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。故C项正确。

6．Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?

A．There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.

B．Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.

C．Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.

D．It is necessary to encourage kids’ participation in sports.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish认为，我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动。颁发奖杯就是一种激励方式。

7．The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．

A．honour　　　　　　　　 B．choose

C．value   D．stress

解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，Barish认为，当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候，我们给孩子们传递了一个错误的信号：获胜就是一切。因此画线的短语“single out”意为“挑出”。

8．Which shows the correct structure of the text?

解析：选B　篇章结构题。本文的第一段为导语，导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck的主要观点：反对参与者人人获奖。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish的观点，即赞成参与者人人获奖。因此B项清晰地展示了本文的结构。

C

In September of 2013, residents of Bexar County celebrated the opening of the Biblio Tech Library. It is one of the first libraries in America to go completely digital and perhaps it will lead the way for others to follow. To check out a book in this digital library, users link their library card to the 3M Cloud Library App. Then they can look through the library catalogue and check out a total of five books at any given time. When the books are due, they are automatically removed from the e­reader. Biblio Tech offers free tablets, laptops and computers which can be used within the library. It also offers study rooms and lounge areas where people can work together and other libraries are also on the trend.

Despite the move towards digital, the Biblio Tech Library is currently the only digital library in the nation. However, the bookless library has been attempted before. Sadly, this change proved to be far too ahead of its time. Within a few years, the library began providing materials along with the digital materials due to requests from the library members.

Libraries are in the middle of a great change. Just a decade ago, the main focus was to lend materials to the public, but recently they have been placing more emphasis on programs to help and educate the community. A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.

Digital libraries are the future. In the next 100 years or so, books in print may be completely replaced by their digital competitors. While these can be more convenient for libraries and library members, I am still going to be fond of books in print. I will miss the smell of the paper, because those are things I grew to love about readings.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。2013年9月，美国Bexar县的居民庆祝第一家Biblio科技图书馆的成立。文章通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向我们介绍了与传统图书馆相比，电子图书馆的优势及未来图书馆的发展方向。

9．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?

A．The opening of the Biblio Tech Library.

B．The improvement of the Biblio Tech Library.

C．The importance of the Biblio Tech Library.

D．The introduction of the Biblio Tech Library.

解析：选D　段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向读者介绍了一种新型的电子图书馆及这种图书馆的使用方法。故答案选D。

10．What can be inferred about libraries from the text?

A．The function expands.

B．The income increases.

C．The development slows down.

D．The business declines.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段“Libraries are in the middle of a great change ... A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.”可推知，图书馆的功能增加了。故答案选A。

11．The writer seems to be a person who ________.

A．is crazy about e­readers

B．works in a library

C．misses the old days

D．is hopeless about the future

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“ ... I am still going to be fond of books ... love about readings.”可知，作者仍喜欢阅读纸质图书，会怀念纸质图书的味道，也正是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读。由此可知，作者是个怀旧的人。故答案选C。

D

For families on vacation, a playground provides a welcome break from sightseeing. It can also provide a glimpse into the local culture, from the setup of the park to the ways families interact. Here are the designs that live up to that challenge.

Fruit and Scent Park, Stockholm

Is there a picky eater on a steady diet of chicken fingers and cheese? Perhaps a trip to  Sweden’s Fruit and Scent Park will change his or her culinary (烹饪的) tune. This playground features a banana slide, an orange seesaw, pear huts, a watermelon jungle gym and a pair of cherry swings, all designed by public artist Johan Ferner Strom. Now, who can say you can’t play with your food?

Nishi Rokugo Park, Tokyo

Located between central Tokyo and the city of Kawasaki, Nishi Rokugo combines recycled rubber tires (橡胶轮胎) with traditional playground equipment. In total, more than 3,000 tires of different sizes are used to create tunnels, bridges, tall sculptures for climbing and, of course, tire swings. There’s little shade, so you can visit here in the early morning or late afternoon for the most comfortable weather, and be sure to wear your play clothes.

Bicentennial Children’s Park, Santiago, Chile

Set a top San Cristóbal Hill, the Bicentennial Children’s playground in Metropolitan Park  was built to celebrate 200 years of Chilean independence and improve the lives of Santiago  citizens. Dozens of slides are built into the slope, creating a design completely complementary (补充的) of the surrounding landscape. Fountains offer some relief from the sun, and ample seating gives parents a place to relax.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。主要介绍了可供家庭度假的三个特色创意公园。

12．What is mainly talked about in the text?

A．Programs designed for culture exchange.

B．Theme parks attracting most tourists.

C．Creative sites for family to hang out.

D．Top museums around the world.

解析：选C　主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍了三个有特色的创意公园：瑞典斯德哥尔摩的水果和香味公园；日本东京的Nishi Rokugo游乐场(轮胎游乐场)和智利圣地亚哥的二百周年纪念儿童公园。结合第一段可知，这三个公园主要是针对家庭的，而不是针对任何游客的。

13．What can be learned about Fruit and Scent Park?

A．It is located in Tokyo, Japan.

B．Its design was led by some artists.

C．It is aimed to balance people’s diet.

D．Its facilities are modelled after fruits.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知瑞典斯德哥尔摩的水果和香味公园里的设施大多是水果造型的。

14．When visiting Nishi Rokugo Park, it is better to________.

A．wear thick protective clothes

B．avoid moments when it’s hot

C．take umbrellas and raincoats

D．watch out for the equipment

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知到日本东京的Nishi Rokugo游乐场(轮胎游乐场)游玩的最好时间是上午的早些时候和下午的晚些时候。也就是说要避开天热时段。

15．Why does the author recommend Bicentennial Children’s Park?

A．It becomes part of the surroundings. 

B．It was built to improve people’s lives.

C．It amuses kids and helps parents get relaxed.

D．It provides slides for both children and adults.

解析：选C　推理判断题。 根据第四段最后一句可知到智利圣地亚哥的二百周年纪念儿童公园游玩的孩子的父母可以得到很好的放松，因为里面有很多座位和喷泉。可推知到此游玩，既可以使孩子得到快乐，也能让父母得到放松。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Parents are often scared to talk to their kids about money. In fact kids need to understand how to save and manage their money. Proper preparation for your children, even at a young age, can start them down the path of a successful financial life.__1__

Talk early and often.

Children start learning about money long before their first savings account, job or credit card.

__2__ Avoiding the subject until your child needs a bank account can  make the conversation hasty (草率的) and confusing.

__3__

A trip to the grocery store is a good time to explain price comparison, value and inflation. An ATM stop offers a chance to explain that money doesn’t actually come from a machine. You can discuss both earned income, investment returns and even inheritance. Opening bills is a chance to talk about payment for services, credit card debt and interest rates. Children need to be taught about debt, specifically loans and credit cards.

Talk about giving.

Children should learn that money doesn’t always need to be used for them. __4__ Don’t just write the charitable check. Get the kids involved in the process by asking them to pick and check charities.

Websites like www. charitynavigator. org and www. guidestar. org provide information and ratings.

__5__

If they open a savings account, they can place their savings in the bank to earn a small amount of interest. Besides, they can learn about fees, account maintenance and even interest. It can provide a motivation for them to save money. You can offer them a prize if they put the money into savings.

A．It can also provide assistance for others.

B．Open a checking and savings account.

C．Children are eager to know about money.

D．Everyday activities are teachable moments.

E．Parents should help their children know how to use money.

F．Here are some tips that might help you teach kids about money.

G．Begin the conversation even before they’re in school by talking about work and money.

答案：1～5　FGDAB