初中英语牛津译林版八年级上册Grammar导学案

这是一份初中英语牛津译林版八年级上册Grammar导学案，共8页。学案主要包含了what作句子主语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.Can I have smething t drink? 我能喝点东西吗?
【重点】smething t eat 吃的东西； 【动词不定式作后置定语，修饰不定代词】
smething t drink 喝的东西 【动词不定式作后置定语，修饰不定代词】
2.Can I have sme mre fd? 我能再多叫些食物吗?
【重点】数字+ mre + 名词 ＝ anther + 数字+ 名词
Eg: three mre apples = anther three apples
3.There’s nthing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么东西都没有。
= There isn’t anything in the fridge.
4.a writing/singing/drawing/dancing cmpetitin 一次写作/唱歌/绘画/舞蹈比赛
【区分】match 指体育类（球类）等比赛
cmpetitin 指文学/艺术类比赛
Eg: hld a drawing cmpetitin 举办绘画比赛
5.★What makes yur friend s special? 什么使你的朋友这么特别？【what作句子主语】
what在此句中作主语, make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补
6.care abut yu 关心你
【区分】care fr yu = lk after yu = take care f yu 照顾你
keep a secret fr him 替他保密
【重点】keep a secret fr sb. / keep secrets fr sb 为某人保守秘密
8.tell him everything abut yurself 告诉他有关你自己的一切
9.make me happy 使我开心 【make + 宾语+形容词作宾补】
= make me feel happy 【make sb. d sth.】
10.share ne’s jy 分享某人的快乐【回顾：share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物】
11.be ready t help 乐于帮助 【重点】be ready t help thers 乐于助人
an hnest man 一个诚实的人 【反义词：dishnest 不诚实的】
★have prblems with sth. = have prblems (in) ding sth. 做某事有困难
Eg: I have sme prblems with my Maths.
= I have sme prblems (in) learning Maths.
14.believe what he/she says 相信他/她说的话 【此句中what引导宾语从句】
= believe his/her wrds
15.What makes gd friends? 什么样人品的人适合成为好朋友？【what作句子主语】
16.tell lies/ tell a lie (t sb.) （向某人)撒谎
【重点】①lie 作名词：谎言 a white lie 善意的谎言
②lie 作动词：撒谎，躺下 lie t sb. 对某人撒谎
③lie →过去式lay（躺下）→过去式lied（撒谎）
④lie →现在分词lying
17.tell us funny jkes 给我们讲风趣的笑话【讲笑话、讲故事用tell】
18.agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
19. be plite t sb. 对某人有礼貌 【反义词：implite不礼貌的】
二、Reading
1.ne f my best friends 我最好的朋友之一
★“ne f the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 结构做句子的主语时谓语动词用
单数形式。 eg: One f the tallest bys cmes frm the UK.
2.be generus t sb.对某人很大方
3.She is willing t share things with her friends.她愿意和她的朋友一起分享东西。
【重点】be willing t d sth. = be ready t d sth. 乐于做某事
4.be ready t help peple any time愿意在任何时候帮助人们
5.help me with my hmewrk = help me (t) d my hmewrk
【回顾：help sb. with sth.= help sb.(t) d sth. 帮助某人做某事】
6.give ne’s seat （n the bus） t smene in need（在公共汽车上）把座位让给需要的人
7.have a gd vice 有个好嗓子
【区分】①vice：指说话声、歌唱声、鸟叫声等嗓子发出来的声音。
②nise：噪声、喧闹声，指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声，或任何令人讨厌的声音。
③sund：声音、声响，其含义最广，指人能听到的任何声音，包括大的、小的、
好听的、难听的、有意义的和无意义的声音。
8.grw up 长大
9.wear small rund glasses 戴着圆圆的小眼镜
10.make him lk smart 使他看起来很帅气 【make sb. d sth.】
11.★have a gd sense f humur 非常有幽默感
have a gd sense f time 很有时间观念 have a gd sense f directin 很有方向感
12.feel bred with him 和他在一起感到无聊 【bred修人； bring修物】
13.His legs d nt fit well under his desk. 他的腿不能很好地放在桌子底下。
fit: (vi.) 可容纳，装进
14.walk past ur desks 经过我们的书桌
15.knck the bks nt the flr 把书碰到地上
16.She is shrter than I am. = She is shrter than me. 她比我矮。
17.have big bright eyes 有明亮的大眼睛
18.have lng straight hair 有长的直发
19.★say a bad wrd abut anyne = say bad wrds abut anyne说任何人的坏话
20.a true friend一个忠实的朋友 【重点:true (形)→truly(副)】
21.When smething wrries me, I can always g t her. 当有事让我烦恼的时候，我总是去找她。
【重点】①sth. wrry sb. 某事使某人烦恼
②sb. wrry abut sth. = sb.is wrried abut sth. 某人为某事担心
22.chse sb. as my best friend 选某人作为我的最好的朋友 = chse sb. t be my best friend
【重点】chse 动词：选择，过去式为chse
chice 名词：选择
三、Grammar
形容词的比较级和最高级。
1、我们用比较级来比较两个人或物，在比较级后面我们一般加上一个than.
Sandy’s hair is lnger than Millie’s hair. My bk is mre interesting than his.
我们用最高级来比较三个或更多的人或物，在最高级前面通常加一个the(如有形容词性物
主代词或名词所有格时不需要加the).
He is the tallest by in my class. This is the mst expensive printer in the shp.
3.形容词比较级和最高级的构成（见教材P11）
【拓展】A.形容词比较级与最高级的基本用法与特殊用法举例：
His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级)
② Jim is the tallest in ur class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) ③ Jim is the tallest f all (the students). (见到f all 要用最高级)
= Of all the students, Jim is the tallest.
④ Jim is the tallest f the three. (见到f the three要用最高级)
⑤Which is bigger, a tiger r a mnkey ? (两者比用比较级)
⑥Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dg r a mnkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高级）
⑦This ruler is shrt , please give me a lnger ne.
★⑧I’d like the bigger (ne) f the tw cakes.
（见到f the tw时比较级前加the,表示特指）
★⑨The mre mney yu give me , the happier I will be.
= If yu give me mre mney, I will be happier.
The mre, the better. 越多越好。
（The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…） 是一种倒装结构，意为：越 越
★⑩Tm is tw years lder than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。
Tm is twice as ld as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。
★⑾ The number f the students in ur schl is bigger/larger/smaller than yurs.
我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。（两个数量/目只能比较大小，不能比较多少）
(价格price只能比较高低，不能比较贵或便宜)
★(12)China is becming mre and mre beautiful.(比较级+ and+比较级 表示越来越…)
China is becming strnger and strnger.
★(13)The Yellw River is ne f the lngest rivers in China.
（ne f + the 形容词最高级+ 名词复数）
The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China. （注意序数词的用法）
【拓展】B、比较级与最高级的互换
1．Jim is taller than any ther by in ur class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个别的男孩都高)
= Jim is taller than the ther bys in ur class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)
= Jim is taller than any f the ther bys in ur class. (吉姆比我们班男孩中的任何一个高)
= Jim is the tallest by in ur class.（吉姆是我们班最高的）
2. Jim is taller than any ther by in ur class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个别的男孩都高)
Jim is taller than any girl in ur class.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高）
Nanjing is bigger than any ther city in Jiangsu. （南京比江苏的任何一个别的城市大）
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海比江苏的任何一个城市大）
3. Tm isn’t as/s tall as Mike. = Tm is shrter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tm.
= Tm is less tall than Mike.
4.This bk isn’t as/s interesting as that bk. 【和一样】
=This bk is less interesting than that bk. 【nt 不如 可与less... than 互换】
=That bk is mre interesting than this bk.
【拓展】C、比较级前常用的修饰语
比较级前常用a bit/a little（一点），much/a lt（非常）,even/far(更加),sme,any, still，等词语表示程度。但是very,quite,s, really只能修饰原形，不能修饰比较级。
例如：①She is a little taller than I (me). ②Rse is much mre careful than Tm.
【拓展】D、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项
1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。
2.形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the可以省略。
3.在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。
① His ruler is lnger than I. (错) His ruler is lnger than mine.(对)
【拓展】E. 以–ful/-less/-ed/-ing/-us/-tive等后缀结尾的形容词，由形容词加ly构成的副词，无论是长还是短，一律比较级加mre, 最高级加the mst。
如：famus—mre famus—the mst famus active-- mre active –the mst active
useful-–mre useful --the mst useful bred—mre bred –the mst bred
bring---mre bring---the mst bring careless--mre careless---the mst careless
excited—mre excited–the mst excited slwly—mre slwly-- (the) mst slwly
4.重点短语：
1.Peter is the heaviest f the six students. 六个学生中，Peter最重。
2.Amng the six students, Millie is the slwest swimmer.
六个学生中，Millie是最慢的游泳选手。
【区分】amng：指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间； between：多指两者之间。
Millie’s drawing is mre beautiful than Peter’s. Millie的绘画比Peter的漂亮。
4.have an English test 进行英语测试
5.high(adj.高的)→height (n.高度）；
heavy(adj.重的)→weigh (v.重）→ weight(n.重量)；
lng(adj.长的)→length(n.长度)；
wide(adj.宽的)→width(n.宽度)
四、Integrated skills
1.talk abut ur future plans 谈论我们的未来计划
2.meet different peple 遇见不同的人
3.listen t peple carefully 仔细地听人们（意见）
4.help peple with their prblems 帮助人们解决他们的问题
5.travel arund the wrld 周游世界
6.I wuld like t be a scial wrker when I grw up. 当我长在时我想成为一名社会工作者。
7.make friends with them 与他们交朋友 【注：friends要用复数】
8. I will be happy if I can make ther peple happy. 如果我能使别人开心，我就高兴。
9.amng all the Chinese artists = f all the Chinese artists 在所有中国艺术家中
10.His pictures f hrses are beautiful wrks f art他画的马是漂亮的艺术品。
11.I want t be as famus as he is. 【 和一样，中间加形容词或副词原级】
12.learn mre abut art sme day 总有一天了解更多有关艺术方面的东西
13.the by n the left 左边的那个男孩
14.---What’s he like? ---He is clever and humrus.
---他人怎么样？ ---他又聪明又有幽默感。
15.Wh is the girl next t Peter? Peter旁边的那个女孩是谁?
16.She’s Lucy. She is a small girl with a pnytail.她是个扎马尾辫的小女孩。
17.be famus fr 因…而著名 be famus as 作为…而著名
五、Study skills （用词汇树帮助你记单词）
1.hw t remember wrds 怎样记住单词
2.if necessary 如果必要的话
六、Task
1.Kate is bth my neighbur and my best friend. Kate既是我的邻居又是我的好朋友。
★【区分】
①bth A and B A和B都 【连接两个主语时，谓语复数形式】
Bth the twins and Jack are frm England.
②nt nly A but als B 不仅A，而且 【连接两个主语时，谓语就近原则】
Nt nly the twins but als Jack is frm England.
2.bright smiling eyes 明亮而笑眯眯的眼睛
3.have/wear a smile n ne’s face 面带微笑
4.I think she will make an excellent teacher. 我想她会成为一名杰出的老师。
【此句中make意为：成为，可换成be/becme】
5.a rund / square face 一张圆(方)脸
书面表达
根据表格提示，以“My Best Friend”为题，写一篇短文。词数：90词左右。
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知识点测试
一、单项选择（共20小题;每小题1分，计20分）
( ) 1.Yu lk thirsty. Wuld yu like_______?
A. smething t eat B. smething t drink C. anything t eat D. anything t drink
( ) 2.This film is ________ interesting than that ne.
A. mre B. much C. the mst D. a
( )3．The by is really _______hnest by．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
( ) 4. Many students are willing_______ hard t make their dreams cme true .
A.wrk B. t wrk C. wrking D. wrked
( )5. The bear has nthing ________ these days. It’s very hungry.
A. eat B. t eat C. eating D. eating
( )6. ----I dn't feel well tday. --- _______ yu have a cld.
A. May be B. May C. Maybe D. Must
( )7.If yu have_______, yu shuld_______ yur friends.
A. happy smething; share it t B. smething happy; share it t
C. smething happy; share it with D. happy smething; share it with
( )8．The text is_______easier and _______interesting than that ne．
A．mre；much B．much；mre C．mre；mre D．much；much
( )9. Munt Huang is mre beautiful than__________ in China.
A. any ther muntain B. any ther muntains C. ther muntains D. any muntains
( )10 The shirt desn’t _______me at all. It is t small.
A. match B. help C. get D. fit
( ) 11. The_______ f China is very ppular and many peple like it.
A. Sund B. Music C. Vice D. Nise
( ) 12.David is taller than _______ in his class.
A. any student B. the students C. the ther students D. a student
( )13.We didn’t find ________in the picture．
A.unusual anything B.nthing unusual C. anything unusual D. unusual smething
( )14 There aren’t enugh chairs. Wuld yu please_______here?
A. t bring anther three B. bring mre three C. t take three ther D. bring three mre
( ) 15. My rmmate is a girl __________ rund eyes and lng hair.
A. has B. with C. had D. is having
( )16.He is________f the three．
A.taller B.the taller by C.the tallest by D.the tall by
( )17.Jurng is getting________．
A.beautifuler B.beautiful and beautiful
C.beautifuler and beautifuler D.mre and mre beautiful
( )18.Culd yu tell me what ______ yu s happy?
A. lets B.gets C. makes D. keeps
( )19. Mum, I'm still hungry. can I have _____bwls f rice?
A. tw anther B. mre tw C. tw mre D. anther secnd
( )20.一________? 一He is very helpful and plite．
A．What’s he 1ike B．What des he like C．Hw is he D．Is he helpful
二、词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. He likes telling funny jkes. We never feel __________( 无聊的 ) with him.
2. Yu shuld be mre ___________( 耐心的 ) with thse little children.
3. Amy is _____________ (bad) at maths in his class. He always gets very lw marks.
4. Linda is _______________(pretty) girl in her class.
5. Nbdy taught yu hw t swim. I think yu taught ___________(yu) t d it.
6. Lu Xun was ne f the ______________(famus) writers in China.
7. — D yu knw the __________ (high) f the building? — Yes. It’s abut 100 metres high.
8.Are yu ____________ (will) t sing an English sng fr us?
9.Lei Feng is always ready ____________ (help) thers during his life.
10.Kitty practises dancing even harder, s she becmes ___________(slim) than befre.
11. My little sister always ____________ (面带) a smile n her face.
12. There are mre ______________ (社会的) wrkers in this city than in that city.
13. Tm has a gd sense f ______________(humrus). He ften makes us laugh.
14.What’s the ______________ (weigh)f the elephant?
15.We're nw trying t invite teenagers t jin a ______________（写作）cmpetitin.
三、句型转化（共5题；每题 1分，满分5分）
1. The bys are lazy. (改为同义句) The bys are _________ ____________.
2. His face is square. (改为同义句) He _________ _________ __________ _________.
3. Kitty is tall and slim.（对画线部分提问）
Kitty ？
4. Culd yu give me anther three bks? （改为同义句）
Culd yu give me bks?
5. This dress is mre beautiful than thse tw dresses.（改为同义句）
This dress is_________ _________ _________f the three dresses.
四、翻译句子。(本大题每句2分，共14分)
1. 我们不应该说任何人的坏话。
We shuldn’t .
2. 帮助同学解决他们的问题。
Mark always .
3. 我饿了，我能再吃三块蛋糕吗?
I am hungry. Can I ?
4. 看！他们正在谈论他们的未来计划。
Lk! They .
5.我长大后想成为一名社会工作者。
I wuld like t be___________________________________________when I grw up.
6.她总是面带笑容而且看起来很开心。
She always__________________________________________her face and lks happy.
7.我认为她将成为一名杰出的老师。
I think she will_____________________________________________________teacher.
Adjective （形容词）
Cmparative（比较级）
Superlative（最高级）
①大多数短形容词(少于或等于两个音节）
+er
+est
tall
small
→ taller
→ smaller
→(the) tallest
→(the) smallest
②以E结尾的短形容词
+r
+st
nice
fine
→ nicer
→ finer
→ (the) nicest
→ (the) finest
③以辅音字母+y结尾的短形容词
-y +ier
-y +iest
pretty
easy
→ prettier
→ easier
→ (the) prettiest
→ (the) easiest
④以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的短形容词
duble the cnsnant +er
（双写辅音字母再+er）
duble the cnsnant +est
（双写辅音字母再+est）
slim
big
fat
ht
sad
thin
red
→ slimmer
→ bigger
→ fatter
→ htter
→ sadder
→ thinner
→ redder
→ (the) slimmest
→ (the) biggest
→ (the) fattest
→ (the) httest
→ (the) saddest
→ (the) thinnest
→ (the) reddest
⑤长形容词，一般超过2个音节
+ mre/less
+mst/least
beautiful
interesting
imprtant
→ mre/less beautiful
→ mre/less interesting
→ mre/less imprtant
→ (the) mst/least beautiful
→ (the) mst/least interesting
→ (the) mst/least imprtant
⑥特殊的形容词
替换这个词
替换这个词
gd/well
bad/ill/badly
ld
far
much/many
little
→better
→wrse
→lder/elder（年长的）
→farther/further(更进一步）
→mre
→less
→(the) best
→(the) wrst
→(the) ldest/eldest
→(the) farthest/furthest
→(the) mst
→(the) least
Name
Jack
Face
方形
Eyes
大、明亮的、 微笑的
Nse
大
Hair
黑色、短发
General appearance
英俊、整洁、爱好体育和音乐
Persnality
令人快乐的、舒适的
Abilities
努力的
Hbbies
打篮球
Future plans
成为一名医生 帮助需要的人们