外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 A delicate world一课一练

Unit 5A delicate world

Section A　Starting out & Understanding ideas

课后篇巩固提升

基础夯实

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.　　　　　(erode) from winds has removed a large part of the land. 

答案Erosion

2.One method of soil 　　　　　(conserve) is the use of windbreaks. 

答案conservation

3.　　　　　(substantial) evidence exists to support the theory. 

答案Substantial

4.No one should break the 　　　　　(ecology) balance. 

答案ecological

5.The roof 　　　　　(collapse)under the weight of snow. 

答案collapsed

Ⅱ.短语填空

participate in,or so,in consequence,once again,be native to,out of control,die out,take over

1.　　　　　　　　,Jerry decided to drop out of school and started his own business. 

答案In consequence

2.At that point I didn’t feel anything;adrenaline (肾上腺素)　　　　　. 

答案had taken over

3.Panda 　　　　　China and is a national treasure. 

答案is native to

4.Can overseas students　　　　　 all kinds of activities in your school? 

答案 participate in

5.It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets　　　　　. 

答案out of control

6.As a result,these endangered animals even　　　　　. 

答案die out

7.Taylor had just moved to the town a month 　　　　before. 

答案or so

8.Today Chinese calligraphy is 　　　　　　a subject in schools. 

答案once again

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.我很吃惊他会想出如此好的主意。

I was amazed that he　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　such a sweet idea. 

答案had come up with

2.当去掉脂肪和盐,食物就少了些味道。

When fat and salt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 

答案are removed from

3.今年,选择这一学科的学生人数减少了30%。

This year,the students who choose this subject 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案have decreased by 30%

4.尽管我们都很担心,结果一切都顺利。

Despite our worries everything　　　　　 　　　　　well. 

答案turned out

5.他明确表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。

He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he was not interested in the subject. 

答案made it clear that

素养提升

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然

Plants are boring.They just sit there photosynthesizing(光合作用) while animals have all the fun.Right?Not so much.A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.The ant and plant co-evolution (协同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.

Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use.Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals.These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside,or extra nectar(琼浆) on leaves or stems for the ants to eat.Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run,but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant.Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around,by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away,eat the food packet,and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it’ll grow better,and since it’s farther away from its parent,they won’t have to compete for resources.

But scientists weren’t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started.If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbours,then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot.It was a chicken-and-egg question,whether things started with ants developing behaviours to take advantage of plants,or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.

The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs,and it’s not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot.However,it is a question of little significance.Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项新的研究发现,蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。蚂蚁和植物的共同进化始于蚂蚁以植物为食,植物进化出对蚂蚁友好的特征。

1.Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to　　　. 

A.reward the ants

B.make a fool of ants

C.provide nutrition for the seeds

D.get the seeds moved around

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around,by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”可知,选D项。

2.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

A.How plants and ants interact.

B.What ants do to protect plants.

C.How plants and ants survive attacks.

D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use.”和“Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run...by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”可知,第二段主要讲了植物和蚂蚁如何互动,故选A项。

3.Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?

A.Ants depended more upon plants.

B.It caused a race for better evolution.

C.How it got started was uncertain.

D.It was of little value for future studies.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“But scientists weren’t sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started.”由此可知C选项描述正确,故选C项。

4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A.To introduce a science research method.

B.To inform readers of a latest research finding.

C.To arouse readers’ interest in science research.

D.To criticize people’s traditional views about plants.

答案B

解析推理判断题。第一段中“A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.”是全文的主题句,由此推断出,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者最新的研究结果,故选B项。

B

主题语境:人与自然

Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be,you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.

Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child’s day is filled with fascination,newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激),new ideas.Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple,although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.

The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.This blocks awareness.One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students,I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.The students began complaining about how cold it would be.We reached the stream,and they unwillingly walked ahead.They were almost knee-deep when they realised it was a hot spring.Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.

Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird,immediately looked it up in field guides,and said,a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off.They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.

The pressures of “time” and “destination”(目的地)are further blocks to awareness.I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark.It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit,to take a moment to see what’s around them.I asked them what they’d seen.“Oh,a few birds,” they said.They seemed bent on their destinations.

Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait.Next time you take a walk,no matter where it is,take in all the sights,sounds and sensations(感觉).Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.

【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官和情感去全方位感受自然的美妙,去感受世界的美好。

5.What idea does the author convey in paragraph 3?

A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.

B.To stop complaining all the time.

C.To follow the teacher’s advice.

D.To admit mistakes honestly.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.”唤醒感官的第一步是在它发生之前停止预测我们将要看到和感觉到的东西。可知,作者认为在事情发生前避免过早下结论。与A项“避免直接得出结论”意思相近。故选A项。

6.The bird watchers’ behaviour shows that they 　　　. 

A.are very patient in their observation

B.are really fascinated by nature

C.care only about the names of birds

D.question the accuracy of the field guides

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知,这些观鸟者只是匆匆记下这些鸟的名字,而没有观察它们在做什么。故选C项。

7.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?

A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.

B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.

C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.

D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第五段中“I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark.It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit,to take a moment to see what’s around them.”可知,徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地,而很少关心周围的事物。故选 B项。

8.In the passage,the author intends to tell us we should 　　　. 

A.use our senses to feel the wonders of the world

B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life

C.open our mind to new things and ideas

D.try our best to protect nature

答案A

解析主旨大意题。根据最后一段前两句“Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait.Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is,take in all the sights,sounds and sensations.”可知,作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官和情感去全方位感受自然的美妙,去感受世界。故选A项。