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Unit 5 突破语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）英语选择性必修第一册
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这是一份Unit 5 突破语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）英语选择性必修第一册，共2页。
过去完成时
[观察例句]
1．What's mre，he had recently received a letter frm his father predicting that...
2．After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America，his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected.
3．At that time，peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time...
4．It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular island.
[归纳用法]
过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。
Sn I realized I had made a serius mistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me n the plane was very nervus.He had nt flwn befre.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以befre，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5：00 yesterday mrning we had dne that wrk.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classrm when the teacher returned frm the ffice.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
[名师点津]
在包含befre和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started befre I reached the statin.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England，Marx wrked hard t imprve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”的用法：
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再持续下去。
Up t that time all had gne well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
Jhn and Jane had knwn each ther fr a lng time befre their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
③“想象性”的用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，as if引导的从句中。
If she had wrked hard，she wuld have succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
I wish I had gne with yu t the cncert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在，n 等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
N sner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
[名师点津]
intend，mean，hpe，want，plan，suppse，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
I had meant t cme，but smething happened.
我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去”。
Yesterday I returned the bk that I had brrwed.
昨天我归还了借的书。
He didn't knw a thing abut the verb，fr he had nt studied his lessns.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By nine 'clck last night，we had gt(get) 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
2．He said he had wrked(wrk) in that factry since 1949.
3．Until then he had knwn(knw) nthing abut it yet.
4．It was the third time that he had been(be) ut f wrk that year.
5．They arrived(arrive) at the statin at ten yesterday.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I still remember last winter，1.when I wke up in the mrning，it 2.had stpped(stp) snwing.Lking utside f the windw，the shiny white snw n ur lawn 3.had been cleaned(clean) by my father.I clsed the bk that I 4.had brrwed(brrw) frm lcal library and went dwnstairs fr breakfast.Then my little brther came t tell me that he 5.had finished(finish) all his hmewrk and he had 6.a very nice dream the night befre.During the breakfast，ne f my best friends came t visit my family.She went t Australia last that she 8.had prepared(prepare) fr the examinatin f University f Sydney fr half a year.During her study，she 9.had learned(learn) the culture and 10.prfessinal(prfessin) knwledge in her field.
过去完成时
[观察例句]
1．What's mre，he had recently received a letter frm his father predicting that...
2．After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America，his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected.
3．At that time，peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time...
4．It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular island.
[归纳用法]
过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。
Sn I realized I had made a serius mistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me n the plane was very nervus.He had nt flwn befre.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以befre，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5：00 yesterday mrning we had dne that wrk.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classrm when the teacher returned frm the ffice.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
[名师点津]
在包含befre和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started befre I reached the statin.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England，Marx wrked hard t imprve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”的用法：
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再持续下去。
Up t that time all had gne well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
Jhn and Jane had knwn each ther fr a lng time befre their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
③“想象性”的用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，as if引导的从句中。
If she had wrked hard，she wuld have succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
I wish I had gne with yu t the cncert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在，n 等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
N sner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
[名师点津]
intend，mean，hpe，want，plan，suppse，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
I had meant t cme，but smething happened.
我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去”。
Yesterday I returned the bk that I had brrwed.
昨天我归还了借的书。
He didn't knw a thing abut the verb，fr he had nt studied his lessns.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By nine 'clck last night，we had gt(get) 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
2．He said he had wrked(wrk) in that factry since 1949.
3．Until then he had knwn(knw) nthing abut it yet.
4．It was the third time that he had been(be) ut f wrk that year.
5．They arrived(arrive) at the statin at ten yesterday.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I still remember last winter，1.when I wke up in the mrning，it 2.had stpped(stp) snwing.Lking utside f the windw，the shiny white snw n ur lawn 3.had been cleaned(clean) by my father.I clsed the bk that I 4.had brrwed(brrw) frm lcal library and went dwnstairs fr breakfast.Then my little brther came t tell me that he 5.had finished(finish) all his hmewrk and he had 6.a very nice dream the night befre.During the breakfast，ne f my best friends came t visit my family.She went t Australia last that she 8.had prepared(prepare) fr the examinatin f University f Sydney fr half a year.During her study，she 9.had learned(learn) the culture and 10.prfessinal(prfessin) knwledge in her field.
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