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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration习题
展开十三 Unit 4 Perid 1
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Mdern day rbts may nt be as entertaining as R2D2 r the rbt frm Lst in Space, but rbts are very imprtant t space explratin and are being used in a variety f different ways fr several imprtant reasns.
Rbts make great explrers n planets, mns, and ther landing areas. Aside frm the earth, just abut every surface in the slar system is unsafe fr humans t explre. The air n mst ther planets is insufficient fr humans t breathe, making it necessary t wear a space suit and xygen equipment. The temperatures n these surfaces are much t ht r much t cld fr any humans t withstand. Plus there wuld be cmplicatins with radiatin, weather, and a lack f gravity. Rbts have much less limitatin in these areas and can survive much lnger under these cnditins.
Rbts are designed fr cllecting scientific data. Rbts are als able t perfrm many tasks at ne time and can prcess infrmatin much quicker and mre efficiently. Imprtant scientific prjects frm detecting minerals, analyzing grund samples, t finding water are all perfrmed much quicker and accurately by rbts.
The use f rbts has made the cst f space explratin much less expensive than it wuld cst fr humans t d the wrk. In rder t successfully send humans int space we wuld need t build a vehicle that can nt nly carry humans, but als enugh fd and water t keep them alive fr the duratin f the trip. Mrever, rbts have n prblems wrking fr hurs n end. Rbts never cmplain, they dn’t require fd r water, and they never need a bathrm break.
Over the past 30 years r s there have been many different types f rbts used successfully in the explratin f space. Perhaps the mst famus and successful rbts are Spirit and Opprtunity wh have bth been explring the surface f Mars. They have bth been very successful with experiments n sil and rcks and have even fund evidence f water in Mars’ histry.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要, 机器人正被用于太空探索。
1. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Develpment f Rbts
B. The Discvery f Space Explratin
C. N Rbts, N Space Explratin
D. Rbts Are Used in Space Explratin
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“but rbts are very imprtant t space explratin and are being used in a variety f different ways fr several imprtant reasns”可知, 本文主要介绍了机器人正被用于太空探索, 故D项正确。
2. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A. The use f rbts in space explratin csts mre than the use f humans.
B. It is dangerus fr humans t explre ther surfaces in the slar system except the earth.
C. Bth Spirit and Opprtunity have fund the evidence f water n Mars.
D. Many different types f rbts have explred the space successfully.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use f rbts has made the cst f space explratin much less expensive than it wuld cst fr humans t d the wrk. ”可知, 用机器人进行太空探索的花费比人类从事这项工作的花费更少, 故选A。
3. The underlined wrd “withstand” in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means “______”.
A. remain B. bear
C. defeatD. develp
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures n these surfaces are much t ht r much t cld fr any humans t”可知, 温度太高或太低, 任何人都无法忍受, 由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”, 故选B。
4. What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?
A. Negative. B. Persuasive.
C. Subjective. D. Objective.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。纵观全文可知, 作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用, 并没有带任何自己的主观看法。故选D。
B
Space is where ur future is —trips t the Mn, Mars and beynd. Mst peple wuld think that aside frm cmets and stars, there was little else ut there. But, since ur space jurney started we have left s much trash there that scientists are nw cncerned that if we dn’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
The first piece f space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard Ⅰ stpped perating and lst its cnnectin with the grund center. Hwever, since it kept rbiting arund the Earth withut any results, scientists became increasingly cmfrtable abandning things that n lnger served any useful purpses in space.
It is said that there are nw ver 500, 000 pieces f man-made trash rbiting the Earth at speeds f up t 17, 500 miles per hur. The junk varies frm tiny pieces f paint chipped ff rckets t cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even dd items like the millin-dllar tl kit that astrnaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lst during a spacewalk.
The majr prblem with the space trash is that it may hit wrking satellites and damage traveling spaceships. Mrever, pieces f junk may crash with each ther and break int pieces which fall back t the Earth. T avid this, scientists have invented several ways fr clearing the sky. Grund statins have been built t mnitr larger pieces f space trash t prevent them frm crashing int wrking satellites r space shuttles. Future plans include a cperative effrt amng many natins t stp littering in space and t clean up the trash already there.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空被人类航空废弃物污染的现状。各国开始重视太空垃圾造成的问题以及带来的风险和危害并着手解决这一问题。
5. What was the first piece f man-made space trash?
A. A camera. B. A tl kit.
C. A fuel tank. D. A brken satellite.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知, 第一片人造太空垃圾是一个坏了的卫星, 故选D。
6. Why were scientists NOT cncerned abut space trash in the beginning?
A. It n lnger served any useful purpses.
B. It was millins f miles away frm the Earth.
C. It did nt cause any prblems.
D. It was regarded as similar t cmets and stars.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知, 科学家最初没有关心太空垃圾, 是因为它没有造成任何问题, 故选C。
7. What can we cnclude frm the passage abut space junk?
A. It is huge, heavy machines.
B. It never changes psitin.
C. It flats slwly arund the Earth.
D. It may cause prblems fr space shuttles.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段并结合选项可知, 太空垃圾可能会给航天飞机带来问题。故选D。
8. What has been dne abut the space trash prblem?
A. Scientists have cleaned up mst f the trash.
B. Large pieces f space trash are being clsely watched.
C. Many natins have wrked tgether t stp plluting space.
D. Grund statins are built t help stre the trash prperly in space.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Grund statins have been built t mnitr. . . ”可知, 现阶段比较大的太空垃圾正在被严密监控, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020·天水高一检测)
Histry is a recrd f what has happened in the past. 1 The really fascinating thing is that much f histry has been repeated time and again. It allws us t learn frm the past, bth the mistakes made and the successes achieved.
One f the benefits f histry is reading hw ther peple bth famus and ttally unknwn have vercme great challenges in their life. These challenges, althugh particular t a persn, r t a certain time in the past, r ccurring in a different cuntry r culture, all cnvey(传达) the same thing. 2
3 He met with many failures n the rad t finally inventing the mdern-day light bulb. He culd be held ut as an example f a persn wh never gave up. 4 Hwever, he did nt let thse failures stp him. He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success.
Or, cnsider the stry f Abraham Lincln wh managed t becme President f the United States even thugh he suffered many setbacks and persnal lsses. Mst f us nly realize the success f Mr Lincln becming President. 5 His life was nt an easy ne. His stry is ne that mtivates us t keep mving frward n matter what bstacles we have in life.
A. It has a lt f influence n us.
B. Take the stry f Thmas Edisn as an example.
C. It has sme very unique qualities abut it.
D. I am sure he was discuraged by his many failures.
E. They cnvey wisdm in their shrt stries f perseverance(毅力).
F. Few f us knw abut the many challenges he had t vercme.
G. Only thse with curage t face challenges can hpe t live their dreams.
【语篇概述】 历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。从这些事情中, 我们可以学到人类犯过的错误和取得的成就。
1. 【解析】选C。空格前面一句说的是历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。根据空格后的“The really fascinating thing is that. . . ”可知, 空格处说的是历史有许多独特性。
2. 【解析】选E。根据前一句“. . . all cnvey the same thing. ”可知这一句要具体解释什么是“同样的事情”。
3. 【解析】选B。本段主要讲的是爱迪生的故事。由空格后的内容可知前面应该是以爱迪生为例。
4. 【解析】选D。由空格后的转折词Hwever可知, 前后句子是转折关系, 空格处应该为“爱迪生肯定为他的多次失败感到气馁过”。
5. 【解析】选F。根据空格前“Mst f us nly realize the success f Mr Lincln becming President. ”可知空格处应为“很少有人知道他必须克服的许多挑战”。
【素养培优】
阅读课文, 根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。
Scientists keep explring space fr many years and have achieved develpment.
In 1957, USSR launched the first satellite int space, rbiting arund Earth. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t be sent int space. In 1969, US astrnaut Neil Armstrng set ft n the mn.
China has als made great prgress in space. In 2003, Yang Liwei was independently sent int space.
Despite many risks and difficulties, scientists are determined t further study ther planets.
阅读理解
The earth is the nly planet that scientists think has life. Why des the earth have life while the ther planets dn’t? Fr ne thing, the earth has the right temperature. As the third planet frm the sun, the earth seems t be just the right distance away. The planets which are clser t the sun are s ht that their surfaces bake in the sun. The farthest planets are cld balls.
When the earth develped—which scientists believe may have happened abut 4 billin years ag—many gases cvered the earth. The gases caused the earth t be ht. But smething wnderful happened. The temperature was just right fr thick cluds t frm. It rained very hard fr a very lng time. This gave the earth its ceans. Water made it pssible fr plants t grw. The plants created xygen in the atmsphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.
Only ne ther planet in the slar system seems t be smething like the earth. That planet is the Mars. The Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cler. But it is nt t cld fr humans. On sme days, the temperature is as lw as a winter day in the nrthern United States. If yu wre a special spacesuit, yu culd walk arund n the Mars. Yu wuld have t bring yur wn air t breathe, because the air n the Mars is t thin t breathe.
The Mars has the largest vlcan (火山) in the slar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest vlcan n the earth is five miles high. The mst unexpected sight n the Mars is dried-up river beds. Scientists believe that the Mars was nce much better than it is nw. Des this mean there culd have been living things n the Mars? Scientists are nt sure, but there has been n sign s far.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生命存在于地球的原因及火星的情况。
1. Which f the fllwing is NOT the reasn why the earth has life?
A. The earth has the right temperature.
B. The vlcanes n the earth are lwer than thse n the Mars.
C. There is xygen in the atmsphere f the earth.
D. The earth seems t be just the right distance away frm the sun.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文中提到地球是科学家认为的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星, 其原因包括地球温度合适、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。
2. The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers t ______.
A. the Sun B. the Mn
C. the EarthD. the Mars
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the earth seems t be. . . ”可知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。
3. What can nt we cnclude frm the passage abut the Mars?
A. There culd have been living things n the Mars.
B. The Mars has the largest vlcan in the slar system.
C. There is almst n xygen in the air n the Mars.
D. The Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cler.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Des this mean there culd have been living things n the Mars? Scientists are nt sure, but there has been n sign s far. 可知A项所述从文章中无法推断出来。
4. Which f the fllwing is prbably the best title fr the passage?
A. The Earth
B. The Mn
C. Planets in the Slar System
D. The Mars is Mst Like the Earth
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因, 又对比了火星和地球, 说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D项作标题最为恰当。
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