英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后测评

Unit 4 Space Exploration

课时素养检测

十六　Unit 4　Period 4

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　In America,  we often regard Sally Ride as the first female astronaut (宇航员). But the first woman in space is actually a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963 — twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight.

　　There was nothing in Valentina Tereshkova’s early life that showed she would become a space pioneer. Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family. She seemed to follow her mother’s footsteps as a textile factory worker,  except one interest:  skydiving. By the time she was 22,  she was jumping out of a plane pretty regularly. And then came the space race.

　　By 1962,  the competition to get into space had been starting between the Soviet Union and the United States for about seven years. The two countries,  in an effort to do better than the other in exploring space,  had each launched men into space.

　　During the space race,  the Soviet Union and the U. S. constantly tried to be better. After putting a man in space,  the obvious next step was to send a woman into space. The Soviet Union’s lead spacecraft designer,  Sergey Korolyov,  is said to have been helpful in the decision. There are rumors (传言) that the Soviet Union knew that the U. S. was planning to send a woman to space and wanted to beat the Americans.

　　Inspired by Gagarin’s flight,  Tereshkova wrote to the Soviet authorities (当局) hoping for any future training program for female astronauts. The authorities answered and in early 1962 she became one of just five women accepted for astronaut training. On June 16,  1963,  Tereshkova took off,  eventually circling the Earth 48 times over the course of almost three days and securing her place in history as the first woman to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.

【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了世界上第一位女航天员——苏联的Valentina Tereshkova。

1. When did Sally Ride go into space?

A. In 1963. 　 B. In 1973. 　 C. In 1983. 　 D. In 1993.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963 — twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight”可知, Valentina Tereshkova在1963年进入太空, 20年后, 美国女宇航员Sally Ride成功进入太空。故选C。

2. Why did Tereshkova choose to be a textile factory worker?

A. Because she thought highly of her mother.

B. Because she had to give a hand to her family.

C. Because she wanted to save money for the space race.

D. Because she was allowed to do skydiving.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family”可知, 她做纺织女工是为了帮助养家。故选B。

3. What did Tereshkova do on knowing a woman to be sent to space?

A. She suggested some training programs for women.

B. She refused the Soviet authorities’ invitation.

C. She introduced herself to the training program.

D. She announced she would be the first woman in space.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知, Tereshkova受Gagarin的鼓舞, 给苏联当局写信希望参加未来女宇航员的训练。故选C。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

 　1　 Many things can become distractions (分散注意力). Your ability to focus your mind,  emotions,  and physical movements will directly influence your success. Staying focused on the task at hand can be easier said than done. Here are some powerful techniques that can help you improve your ability to focus.  

For physical control,  it helps to have a constant exercise schedule. 　2　Exercising helps you gain better command of your body,  and even goes beyond the body,  giving you more flexibility not just physically but also emotionally and mentally. When you feel more comfortable in your body,  you increase your self-confidence,  which helps you feel more relaxed.  

For mental control,  meditation (沉思; 冥想) does the task. 　3　 It’s easy to get distracted by things in your background,  but in order to perform well you have to maintain a high degree of focus. When you relax your thoughts,  it trains your mind to deal effectively with outside distractions so you can stay centered on what matters most at the moment.  

　4　 It prevents you from overreaction and also from overacting. When your emotions settle down,  you gain greater awareness of the environment you’re in,  and feel calm and in control.  

　5　The good thing is that self-control can be developed. Start exercising frequently,  get yourself into meditation,  and start to feel positive changes in your career and your life in general.  

A. In short,  focus requires self-control.

B. There are many benefits of exercising.

C. Generally speaking,  you need to practise a lot.

D. There are still some disadvantages of exercises.

E. Your emotions are well served by meditation as well.

F. Focus is an important part of success and achievement in general.

G. It helps block out all the noise and activities that are going on around you.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。围绕如何提高注意力这个话题展开的。

1. 【解析】选F。直接引出本文的中心话题focus, 强调其重要性, 进而引出下文Here are some powerful techniques that can help you improve your ability to focus.

2. 【解析】选B。上文it helps to have a constant exercise schedule. 和下文Exercising helps you. . . 中的两个helps与B项中benefits呼应。

3. 【解析】选G。本段介绍的第二个技巧meditation。G项中的It指代前文中的meditation。句意: 冥想能帮助你屏蔽周围的噪音和其他活动。

4. 【解析】选E。上文是说meditation对mental control的作用, 本段是关于meditation对emotions的作用。所以E项起到承上启下的作用。

5.  【解析】选A。最后一段是总结性的段落。A项In short是总结性开头。self-control与下文The good thing is that self-control can be developed. 相呼应。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time,  the moon has been the only satellite of the earth. Today, 　1　, the earth has many other satellites all 　2　 by man. These man-made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However,  some of them will still be going 　3　 the earth thousands of years from now.  

Man-made satellites do not 　4　 because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along,  they 　5　 to go straight off into space. They 　6　 out of the earth,  or its gravity,  which 　7　 them from doing this. As a result,  they travel in an orbit round the earth.  

If a man-made satellite travels about at a certain height,  it can keep going 　8　 round the earth,  just like the moon. This is 　9　 it is above the atmosphere,  and there is nothing to 　10　 it down. If it travels 　11　 than that,  it will be slowed down so much that it will 　12　 the earth.  

Men have launched spaceships to the moon and to the two nearest planets:  Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on 　13　 the spaceship to the moon,  men have been able to take photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always 　14　 from us as the moon circles the earth. The 　15　 are later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.  

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。在人造卫星出现之前, 月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上, 如果运行高度下降的话, 卫星就会掉下来。

1. A. besides　　B. however　 C. though　　D. therefore

【解析】选B。上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星, 而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星, 所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是, 然而”, 放在句中时, 其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时, 前后可以有逗号, 故选B项。

2. A. assumed  B. discovered

C. made   D. foresaw

【解析】选C。从下文中的“These man-made satellites. . . ”可知, 这些卫星是人造的, 也就是“made by man”。

3. A. through B. round C. behind D. after

【解析】选B。联系关键词still“仍然”, 再联系上文中的“going round the earth”可知, 这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。

4. A. fall B. rise  C. burst D. pause

【解析】选A。从下文内容可知, 此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。

5. A. decide B. wish C. plan  D. tend

【解析】选D。当卫星加速时, 卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。

6. A. pull B. reach C. bring D. launch

【解析】选A。它们会冲出地球, 也就是脱离地球引力。pull out意为“冲出, 离开”。

7. A. protects  B. prevents

C. keeps   D. discourages

【解析】选B。地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。

8. A. in and out B. on and on

C. to and from  D. up and down

【解析】选B。从上文内容可知, 如果卫星在一定高度运行, 就能持续运转。on and on意为“一直, 持续”, 符合文意。in and out意为“进进出出”;  to and from意为“来来回回, 往返”; up and down意为“上上下下”, 均不符合文意。

9. A. because B. how C. where D. when

【解析】选A。本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因, 故选A。

10. A. hand B. pass  C. slow D. bring

【解析】选C。卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上, 没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度, 下一句中的“it will be slowed down”是很好的提示。

11. A. higher B. longer C. farther D. lower

【解析】选D。从上文我们知道卫星正常运转, 不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度, 所以, 如果运行高度下降, 卫星就不能正常运转。

12. A. search for  B. fall to

C. go after    D. knock at

【解析】选B。从本段我们可以看出, 如果运行高度下降的话, 卫星就会掉下来。

13. A. board B. average C. earth D. end

【解析】选A。通过把照相机安装在飞船上, 可以拍照。on board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”, 符合文意。on average意为“平均”; on earth意为“到底, 究竟”; on end意为“竖着, 连续地”, 均不符合文意。

14. A. holy  B. hidden  C. different  D. stable

【解析】选B。根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的, 所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去分词。

15. A. rocks B. speeches C. sounds  D. photos

【解析】选D。上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机, 所以传回来的是照片。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

According to The Sunday Times of London,  which looked at lifestyle

1. __________(choice) of over 500, 000 Britons between the ages of 37 and 73,  driving for more than two hours each day can 2. __________(steady) decrease the IQ of middle-aged drivers.  

When looking at the data of the 93, 000 participants 3. drove more than two hours per day,  the study found a 4. (notice) drop in brainpower—the ability to think, 5. __________(measure) by intelligence and memory tests. The study found similar results among participants 6. __________(take) part in several hours’ similarly sedentary (久坐不动的) activity, 7. __________ television watching.  

“IQ decline is measurable over five years because it can happen fast in middle-aged and older people. This 8. (associate) with lifestyle factors such as smoking and bad diets—and now with time spent driving, ” Kishan Bakrania told The Sunday Times.

If you think that the way to improve your IQ 9. (be) through brain games,  think again. Just try and avoid those long hours on the road if possible,  and if you happen to have free time on your way to and off work,  be sure to use 10. wisely.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了一项研究: 每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。

1. 【解析】choices。考查名词单复数。根据语境可知, 研究了五十多万个37至73岁的英国人对生活方式的选择。choice“选择”是可数名词, 且其前无限定词修饰, 故应用复数形式choices。

2. 【解析】steadily。考查词性转换。此处是副词steadily修饰动词decrease。

3. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 先行词是participants, 故填关系代词who/that。

4. 【解析】noticeable。考查词性转换。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“drop”可知, 此处应填形容词noticeable。

5. 【解析】measured。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, measure与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系, 故应用过去分词measured作后置定语。

6. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。take part in与其逻辑主语participants之间是主动关系, 故应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。

7. 【解析】like。考查介词。此处列举了看电视这样的久坐活动。like“例如, 像”, 符合语境。

8. 【解析】is associated。考查时态与语态。句子缺少谓语动词。be associated with为固定搭配; 根据前一句中的“is”及此处陈述的客观事实可知, 此处应用一般现在时, 故填is associated。

9. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子的主语是the way, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数, 故填is。

10. 【解析】it。考查代词。如果你正好在上下班路上有空闲时间, 那么确保好好利用它。此处指代上文中的“free time”, 故填it。