山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业14必修3Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析2020120926

这是一份山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业14必修3Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析2020120926，共6页。
A
There are sme places n earth that humans simply can't reach. Munt Erebus in Antarctica is a gd example. The great vlcan in the cntinent ffers a ptential treasure f ancient DNA in its walls, but they're ff limits t humans. Our lungs simply culdn't handle the high levels f carbn dixide in the vlcan. Munt Erebus and places like it are why NASA is building an ice­climbing rbt called IceWrm.
While an rganizatin had develped rck­climbing rbts called LEMURs, scientists culdn't find a rbt that can specifically take the challenge f climbing thrugh ice. The IceWrm lead designer, Aarn Curtis, has wished the rbt culd take the challenge. IceWrm gets its name frm the way it mves thrugh the wrld. Arund 1.4 meters tall, the rbt stands n the ice with tw feet that are equipped with sensrs (传感器)．
The IceWrm had a test run in a ptentially explsive vlcanic envirnment. Curtis says, “Climbing was unsuccessful in the thick snw. But the test prved that its special design culd make it be very fit t be in the ice. It climbed the ice fr as lng as unexpected eight hurs.” Curtis als says the rbt “wrmed slwly up the wall like an inchwrm” and that the IceWrm cntained “a whle new way t mve arund” fr a rbt.
What's the ptential fr IceWrm? If IceWrm culd climb thrugh a wide variety f icy envirnments while taking samples (样品), it culd prve an invaluable tl f study bth n earth and in space explratin. On the hme planet it culd explre areas like Munt Erebus. On a faraway missin it culd climb thrugh the mst frzen areas f wrlds like Enceladus r Eurpa, where 50­ft­tall icy muntain tps frighten many landers.
“While using an inchwrm as inspiratin might be new fr a rbt's travels, animal inspiratin fr rbtic mvement is widespread. Even tiny animals, like inchwrms r fruit flies, can give engineers the ideas n leaps frward in rbtic technlgy. Perhaps smeday the mst advanced rbts will catch up with ants，” says David Grssman.
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个帮助人类探索的机器人。
1．What des the example f Munt Erebus reflect?
A．NASA's big discvery f sme dangerus places.
B．The great civilizatin created by humans.
C．Sme vlcanes' harm t nearby citizens.
D．The limitatins f ur physical ability t explre the wrld.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的There are sme places n earth that humans simply can't reach.和The great limits t humans.可知，举这座火山这个例子说明人类在探索世界时身体方面的局限性。
2．The test run f IceWrm shws that ________.
A．it culd mve frward at a high speed
B．it wuld replace LEMURs sner r later
C．it had the sensrs enabling it t take plenty f samples
D．it culd have a gd perfrmance in certain tugh envirnment
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的But the test prved that its special design culd make it be very fit t be in the ice. It climbed the ice fr as lng as unexpected eight hurs.可知，这款冰虫机器人能够很好地在冰面上爬行。
3．Which f the fllwing wuld David Grssman agree with?
A．That sme animals' characteristics can prmte rbtic technlgy.
B．That future rbts will prbably mve like IceWrm.
C．That future rbts will help insects survive in the bad envirnment.
D．That IceWrm's inventin shws humans' devtin t envirnmental prtectin.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，David Grssman的话说明动物的有些特点能促进机器人技术的进步。
B
In tday's rapidly changing wrkplace and emerging gig ecnmy (零工经济), each year a grwing number f tp emplyers—frm Ggle t IBM—are desperately trying t emply graduates t fill pen psitins. Thugh clleges cntribute millins f smart graduates t the market each year, emplyers still find it hard t recruit the persns meeting their requirements. Accrding t a recent Brkings' study, we're facing an estimated 55 millin jb penings by 2020 withut the wrkfrce t fill them.
There is clearly a discnnect between what schls are ffering and what emplyers need, and the skills gap cntinues t grw as a result. T fix this, schls need t deliver mre career (职业) pathways t mre students with the aid f netwrk technlgy, at an earlier age.
All students—whether they plan t cntinue their educatin after high schl graduatin r nt—shuld begin explring pathways and develping the skills needed fr in­demand careers during middle and high schl.
Alng with the expansin f career educatin t mre students, we need t recnsider hw t deliver it mst efficiently and effectively. It is nt ecnmically viable,_r necessary, t build large training centers fcused n specific career pathways in each schl district. Instead, we can develp a natinal infrastructure (基础设施) at a lwer price that enables every high schl student t have access t career training thrugh nline learning and lcal r reginal training pprtunities. Thanks t new technlgies, students are able t learn technical skills nline, frm anywhere. Fr example, we can prvide students with expsure t industry experts thrugh live teaching sessins, and use virtual reality t ffer 3­D anatmy (解剖) and physilgy tls t aid in health care educatin.
As the wrkfrce cntinues t develp, it's up t educatrs t prepare students fr it. By applying educatin technlgy t a natinal infrastructure, mre students will have a head start t succeed in a rewarding career. And mre emplyers will find emplyees with the skills they need. Fr the sake f students and the natinal ecnmy, it's time fr career educatin t catch up with the demands f tday's wrkfrce.
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了：为了解决学校教育与雇主需要之间脱节的问题，学校应该借助互联网科技在中学教育阶段扩展职业教育，以满足日新月异的职场需求。
4．What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A．A variety f jbs have disappeared in the business wrld.
B．Gig ecnmy has becme a new trend in tday's business.
C．Graduates are desperately eager t wrk fr big cmpanies.
D．Schls fail t keep pace with wrkfrce demands.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的each year a grwing number f tp meeting their requirements可知，尽管大学每年为市场贡献数百万毕业生，雇主们仍难以招到符合要求的人，因此第一段描述了“学校跟不上劳动力需求”这一现象。
5．What are the schls advised t d accrding t the text?
A．T encurage mre students t g t cllege.
B．T imprve students' academic perfrmance.
C．T raise students' awareness f jb security.
D．T expand career educatin at secndary educatin stage.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的T fix this, schls need the aid f netwrk technlgy, at an earlier age及第三段中的All in­demand careers during middle and high schl可知，学校应该在中学教育阶段扩展职业教育。
6．What des the underlined wrd “viable” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Reliable. B．Practicable.
C．Prfitable. D．Cmparable.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Instead, we can develp a natinal infrastructure at a lwer price that enables...可知，相对于成本较低的在线学习而言，作者认为建造培训中心，经济上不可行且没有必要。
7．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Natinal Infrastructure Vital t Ecnmic Grwth
B．Online Learning Academically Beneficial t Students
C．Educatin Technlgy Key t Career Readiness
D．Cllege Educatin Fundamental t Success
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是最后一段中的By applying educatin technlgy with the skills they need可知，文章主要论述了教育科技在中学教育阶段的职业教育的必要性，其是学生职业准备的关键。
Ⅱ.七选五
After I cmpleted my high schl, I wanted t take a year ff as I wasn't sure if I really wanted t g t university and which majr t chse. __1__ I signed up fr Raleigh Internatinal Expeditin and vlunteered in the village f Ihanu in Tanzania, where ur team wrked n envirnment prjects.
In Ihanu, ur gal was t build a tree nursery. __2__ We tk lcal children t the prject base, as well as building an additinal nursery at the village schl. This was really imprtant because it will be these children wh cntinue t take care f the nursery in 10 t 15 years.
I was excited t meet peple that had the same interests as me in internatinal develpment and being passinate (有激情的) abut creating lasting change in a sustainable (可持续发展的) manner. Thrugh the prject in Tanzania, I built up a number f valuable persnal and prfessinal skills. __3__
I've definitely frmed a “can d” attitude. __4__ I can say nthing seems t big fr me nw. Meanwhile, getting n with things and being really helpful and seeing where help is needed made me feel quite gd.
__5__ If I'd travelled by myself, there wuld have been n way fr me t be a part f the cmmunity. By actually living with lcal peple, I learned their ways f life and gained a better understanding f hw they think abut things.
A．Befre this, I thught I knew a lt abut the wrld.
B．But nw I knw this is the best thing I culd have dne.
C．We hpe it can help teach peple the imprtance f trees.
D．S I decided t take a year t experience ther things befre university.
E．T be specific, the prject pushed me t use all my strength t be helpful.
F．Besides, I develped a strnger sense f directin fr my future ccupatin.
G．The vlunteering prject gave me a chance t get int the heart f the lcal sciety.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者参加罗利国际考察团并在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄做志愿者的经历。
1．D 解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的因果关系，根据上下文可知，作者在高中毕业后不确定自己是否真正地想上大学并且选择哪一门专业，因此决定在上大学之前用一年的时间来体验其他事情。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的指代关系，即it指的是上文的a tree nursery。
3．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文内容存在逻辑上的递进关系，根据上下文可知，通过这个项目，作者也对自己未来的职业有了更强的方向感。
4．E 解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的解释关系，根据上下文可知，作者已然形成了一种“能做”的态度，具体而言，这个项目促使作者竭尽全力地帮助别人。
5．G 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要在讲这项志愿项目使得作者更好地了解当地人的生活方式及他们如何考虑事物。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Oscar­winning Ba is abut a mm wh thinks a dumpling is her baby.
Disney­Pixar's Ba, __1__ (direct) by Chinese­Canadian animatr (动画片制作者) Dmee Shi, just tk hme the Oscar fr Best Animated Shrt Film. Pixar describes the eight­minute film like this：“An aging Chinese mm __2__ (suffer) frm empty­nest syndrme (综合症状) gets anther chance at mtherhd when ne f her dumplings springs t life __3__ a lively and lvely dumpling by.”
The film talks a lt abut Chinese culture. It als speaks t the __4__ (universe) experience f being a mm. I __5__ (full) understand the mm in the film because f the age f my children, bth f __6__ are nw 18 years ld. The film Ba __7__ (shw) in 2018. It describes an animated mther wh struggles as her dumpling baby grws up, becmes __8__ implite, ungrateful teenager, and then...
I can't tell yu what happens next if yu want t watch it. Anyway, this film shws the cnflict that mst mthers f __9__ (teenager) may feel. It's because thse mthers want their children t g back t being little nes while they simultaneusly (同时地) want them t launch their adult lives.
Letting g is hard. When yu have a baby, yu __10__ (understand) the pwer f Ba.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一部奥斯卡获奖动画短片。
1．directed
解析：考查非谓语动词。所填非谓语动词在句中作定语且表被动，故填过去分词。
2．suffering
解析：考查非谓语动词。所填非谓语动词在句中作定语且表主动，故填现在分词。
3．as
解析：考查介词。所填介词意为“作为”，故填介词as。
4．universal
解析：考查形容词。所填词修饰名词experience，作的是定语，故填形容词。
5．fully
解析：考查副词。所填词修饰动词understand，故填副词。
6．whm
解析：考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，且关系词作f的宾语，故填whm。
7．was_shwn
解析：考查谓语动词。本句主语film与shw之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；且描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
8．an
解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知此处泛指名词teenager，故填不定冠词。
9．teenagers
解析：考查名词。根据mst mthers可知，此处填名词teenager的复数形式。
10．will_understand
解析：考查谓语动词。根据时间状语When yu have a baby，可知描述的是将来的事情，主从句应遵循“主将从现”原则，故主句用一般将来时。