2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book4Module5



基础知识默写
1.flat adj.平坦的 n.公寓
2.surround vt.围绕；环绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.环境
3.colleague n.同事
4.goods n.货物
5.trade vi.做生意→trader n.商人；经商者
6.distant adj.遥远的→ distance n.距离
7.exploit vt.开发；利用
8.forbid vt.禁止
9.mountainous adj.多山的→mountain n.山；山脉
10.remote adj.遥远的
11.varied adj.多变化的→vary v.变化→variety n.多样性；种类→various adj.各种各样的
12.spot n.地点；场所 v.发现，注意到
13.view n.视野；景色；风景；观点 vt.观看；看待；考虑→viewer n.观看者
14.naturally adv.自然地→natural adj.自然的→nature n.自然；天性
15.cave n.洞；山洞
16.peak n.山顶；山峰
17.plain n.平原 adj.清楚的；朴素的
18.shore n.(海、湖、河等的)岸
19.slope n.斜坡
20.wood n.(常作复数)树林
21.cabin n.船舱；机舱
22.steep adj.陡峭的；险峻的；急剧上升的
23.fertile adj.肥沃的→fertilizer n.化肥
24.torch n.手电筒
25.at the edge of在……的边缘
26.be surrounded by被……包围
27.have four weeks off休四周假
28.at least至少
29.go through 经过；经历；通过；浏览
30.be heavy with有大量的……
31.take advantage of利用……
32.in the distance在远处
33.all the way 一路上；一直
34.rip off敲竹杠；敲诈
35.get a kick out of(俚语)从……中得到乐趣
36.describe...as... 把……描述成……
37.He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.
他和一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。
38.We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.
我们能看到太阳在白塔后西沉。
39.On a distant mountain was a sign in 20­foot characters.
远山上写着20英尺见方的汉字。
40.I’m allowed to stick one in only if I’ve been in a place for more than 24 hours.
只有当我待在一个地方超过24小时，我才允许自己在地图上扎一个别针。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues(同事) at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2.Silk had become one of the primary goods(货物) traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
(2016·浙江)
3.Parents should forbid(禁止) their children from visiting the web.(2018·江苏)
4.Reserve your spot(地点) before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
5.The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view(风景).(2018·全国Ⅲ)
6.The belief that the earth is flat(平的) is not scientific.
7.Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote(遥远的) regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏)
8.Mobile phone makers are also trying to exploit(利用) the popularity of social networks to boost their phones’ appeal.
9.I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant(distance) camp­ground with just enough time to get there before dark.(2018·天津)
10.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders(trade) from Amsterdam to Hilversum.
11.Join us to taste a variety(various) of fresh local food and drinks.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
12.Dawson did not have any of the natural(nature) conveniences of cities like London or Paris.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
13.Good Health gave viewers(view) advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
14.Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings(surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏)
15.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous(mountain) region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man.(2017·江苏)
Ⅱ.选词成篇

It’s believed by many that a trip to China isn’t complete unless you have 1. gone through the Yangtze River.Stretching(伸展) from the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau 2. all the way to Shanghai，the Yangtze River covers such a vast area that it would take 3.at least months to see even a fraction(小部分) of the attractions it has to offer.So，what’s the best way to plan a trip there if you can only 4.take advantage of limited time? For example，you only 5.have four weeks off.Here are some tips.
If you’re looking forward to experiencing the natural beauty along the Yangtze River，upstream(上游) Yunnan Province is a good place to 6. get a kick out of.

The First Bend of the Yangtze River(长江第一湾) in Lijiang city is 7.described as a typical example.Standing on the observation deck(观景台)，you’ll be able to appreciate the scenery which 8.is surrounded by V­shaped mountains 9. in the distance.
The midstream(中游) 10.is heavy with pleasure，which has more divers in the Three Gorges.Looking down 11.at the edge of the cliffs，you will find the waters of the Three Gorges are filled with caves.And nearly every Yangtze River tour will travel between peaks，ancient rocks，and clear waters.Just keep in mind that always avoid 12.being ripped off by some illegal travel companies.The beauty of downstream lies in the modern cities.
So，are you ready for a trip on the Yangtze River?
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.The reuse of existing land and spaces and the reinvention of urban life is important if cities are to succeed.(be to do)
现有土地及空间的再利用以及城市生活的再创造，对于城市的成功是非常重要的。
2.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.(only if 引导条件状语从句)
(2018·天津)
只有经过训练，才能使用灭火器。

1.“山”相关词汇荟萃
(1)peak n.山峰
(2)valley n.山谷
(3)cave n.山洞
(4)mountain n.山；山脉
(5)range n.山脉
(6)hill n.小山
2.“岸边”集合
(1)shore n.(海、湖、河等的)岸
(2)beach n.海滩
(3)coast n.海岸
(4)coastline n.海岸线
(5)bank n.河岸
3.“at the＋n.＋of”短语一览
(1)at the edge of 在……的边缘
(2)at the foot of 在……的脚下
(3)at the bottom of 在……的底部
(4)at the top of在……的顶部
(5)at the beginning of 在……的开始
(6)at the end of 在……的末尾
4.“充满”小结
(1)be heavy with 充满
(2)be full of充满
(3)be filled with被……充满


(1)surround...with...使……包围……
be surrounded with/by被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.环境

(1)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.We all fall down.
(2018·天津)
(2)The surrounding(surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
(3)Some insects take on the color of their surroundings(surround) to protect themselves.
(4)He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround).
[句式升级]
(5)The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.

trade n.贸易；交换；行业
v.做买卖；做……交易

trade...for...用……换……
trade with和……做买卖
trade in做……买卖；经营……
by trade就职业而言，职业是

(1)Silk had become one of the primary goods traded(trade) along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
(2016·浙江)
(2)She traded me a knife for a spoon.
(3)Early explorers traded directly with the Indians.
(4)Tom was a jeweller by trade(职业是).

forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
It’s forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的。

(1)Everyone is forbidden to smoke(smoke) here.
(2)The rule forbids people from driving/forbids people to drive(禁止人们开车) in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.(2018·河南洛阳三模)
(3)[同义句改写]　We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him.(用it作形式主语改写)
It’s forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him.

spot v.发现；认出；点缀
n.斑点；污点；地点

(1)spot sb.doing...发现某人正在做……
(2)on the spot＝on the scene当场；在现场
(3)spotted adj.有斑点的；有圆点的

(1)He spotted his friend talking(talk) with someone over there.
(2)The young man，who was the only man on the spot/on the scene(在现场)，was told to set down what he had seen.
[句式升级]
(3)The police arrived at the spot and there they found the evidence.(用定语从句改写)
The police arrived at the spot where they found the evidence.

view n.看法；观点；视野；风景
v.把……看作；观看；注视；考虑

(1)in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到
in one’s view在某人看来
come into view进入视野；看得见
have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览
(2)view...as...把……看作……
(3)viewer n.观看者；观众

(1)Viewed(view) from a distance，the island looked like a cloud.
(2)We decided，in view of his special circumstances(鉴于他的特殊情况)，that we would admit him for a probationary period(试用期).
(3)In my view/opinion(依我看来)，if you want to learn English well，you need to do more listening，speaking，reading and writing.

(1)not in the least一点也不
last but not least(提及最后的人或事物时说)最后但同样重要的是
least of all(多用于否定句)尤其
(2)at most至多
at best充其量；至多
at worst在最坏的情况下

(1)Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least(至少)13.(2018·江苏)
(2)This television program is not in the least(一点也不) boring.
(3)Last but not least(最后但同样重要的是)，the community culture is very harmonious.
(4)No one seemed to know what was happening，least of all(尤其) me!

He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。


(1)be to do sth.的用法还有：
①表示命令、义务、职责等，表“应该；必须”，长辈要求晚辈或上级要求下级做某事时常用这一句型。
②表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事。
③如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，goal，ambition为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。
(2)be about to do...表示“即将发生的动作”，不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do...when...意为“将要做……这时……”。
(3)be going to do...多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。

(1)You are to take(take) the place of the manager to attend the meeting in the absence of him.
经理不在期间，你将代替他(参加会议)。
(2)I was about to close(close) the window when I noticed something strange.
我正要关上窗户，这时我注意到了一些奇怪的东西。
[写作提升]　因特网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。
(3)The invention of the Internet is to change the way we communicate with each other.

I’m allowed to stick one in only if I’ve been in a place for more than 24 hours.
只有当我待在一个地方超过24小时，我才允许自己在地图上扎一个别针。


(1)only if...只有……，引导真实条件句，置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
(2)if only...意为“要是……就好了”，常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件(表示与现在相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/could/might＋do”)。

(1)Only if he works hard will he be able to regain control of the company.
只有努力工作他才能重新获得对这个公司的控制权。
(2)Only if a teacher has given permission will a student be allowed to enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入这间屋子。
(3)Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed(follow) his advice!
看看我所处的困境，要是我接受他的建议就好了！
(4)[同义句改写]　You can make great progress only if you are devoted to your study.(用倒装句改写)
Only if you are devoted to your study can you make great progress.


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We’ve all been there：in a lift，in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded(surround) by people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance(distant) to take the shower and use the bathroom.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
3．Using the fire extinguishers(灭火器) without a trainer present is forbidden(forbid)．(2018·天津)
4．Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety(vary) of answers.
(2017·浙江)
5．Human children，on the other hand，are naturally(natural) cooperative.(2016·江苏)
6．On the way，we spotted a man holding(hold) a piece of paper that said，“Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
7．I am to inform(inform) you that the meeting will be held in the new hall.
8．Farther in the distance，I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
9．His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot.
10．Above the main gate was a sign written(write) in large character.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于旅行)
1．得知你将要游玩长江我非常高兴。 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。
2．在我看来，如果你游玩了长江，你可以更好地了解中国的历史。(only if置于句首的部分倒装)
3．当然，长江沿岸的景点不胜枚举，所有的景点都承载着传说。(介词短语置于句首的完全倒装；which引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．利用这次旅行你不仅能好好欣赏周围的风景而且能开拓视野。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句；not only...but also...)
5．希望你这次长江之行玩得开心。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
I am more than delighted to know that 11.you are going to visit the Yangtze River,12.one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilizations.13.In my view,14.only if you take the trip to the Yangtze River 15.can you have a better understanding of the history of China.16.Naturally,17.along the river are many attractive scenic spots,18.all of which are heavy with legends.19.Take advantage of the trip and you will 20.not only have a good view of the surrounding scenery but also broaden your horizons.21.Hope you will get a kick out of the trip to Yangtze River.

Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：兴趣与爱好　难度星级：☆☆
(2018·四川双流中学二模)
The summer before my dad died，we moved house.Up until that point，our family had our own space to spread out.Money was tight，so there was no television set，but we owned a turntable on which my dad’s records played constantly.Mostly，it played Bob Dylan.Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.My brother and I，aged 8 and 10，climbed trees，built hideaways and learned the words of Clothes Line Saga.We would chant over and over，lost in our own joy.
It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer.He was 36 going on 37 then，the same age as Dylan.Afterwards，our laughter disappeared，but we kept on playing the records，which became our only ritual of remembrance.The two men became so intertwined in my head，I struggled to tell them apart.
Dylan was my dad’s gift to me.What child wouldn’t be fascinated by songs full of pirates and seasick sailors? How did it feel to have No Direction Home? Farewell，Angelina became my party piece.I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.
Growing up，I remained a fan of the music，but I wasn’t obsessed with Dylan until one day in early 1995，my brother bought us both tickets to see him play at Brixton Academy.London felt like a long way to go.But finally seeing Dylan step out onto the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.
I have seen Dylan a couple of times since.My brother is not around so much these days.But he was up for a visit recently.We passed a happy evening laughing and drinking，while his son，aged nine，performed his party piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.He sang it word­perfect.And so it goes on：Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.

22．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To praise his late father.
B．To tell about his family history.
C．To express his longing for family reunion.
D．To show his love for Bob Dylan.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.”，第二段中的“we kept on playing the records，which became our only ritual of remembrance.”，第三段第一句“Dylan was my dad’s gift to me.”和最后一句中的“Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.”等信息可知，本文讲述了作者从小到大一直以来对鲍勃·迪伦的喜欢和热爱。故选D。
23．The underlined word “ritual” in the second paragraph means “ ”．
A．passion B．ceremony
C．memory D．belief
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。此处指父亲去世后我们的笑声消失了，但我们继续播放鲍勃·迪伦的唱片，这成了我们唯一的记忆仪式。“ritual”指仪式，与ceremony同义。故选B。
24．The recent visit of the author’s brother indicates that .
A．his nephew was ever invited to play in Dylan’s concert
B．his brother has never seen a live performance of Dylan
C．Dylan’s music has influenced three generations of his family
D．Subterranean Homesick Blues is always his favourite song
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But he was up for a visit recently.We passed a happy evening laughing and drinking，while his son，aged nine，performed his party piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.”和“Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.”可知，哥哥带着儿子拜访鲍勃·迪伦及儿子演唱他的歌表明鲍勃·迪伦对作者一家三代人的影响。故选C。
话题：节假日活动　难度星级：☆
(2019·河北唐山一中期中)
Below are some best special interesting holidays—all are new for 2017 and have high quality guides or tutors and strong programmes.
Holland in bloom river cruise(巡游) with Alan Titchmarsh
Alan Titchmarsh is the star attraction on this river cruise.Alan joins you for a visit to the magnificent Keukenhof Gardens—home to 800 varieties of tulips(郁金香)．The Telegraph’s gardening expert will talk about the best new varieties and the garden’s history.
April 19，￡1,495 including flights from the UK and some meals.Telegraph Tours (0161 236 2444；telegraph.co.uk/titchmarshtour)．
Morocco Sketchbook
Led by artist Maxine Relton，this tour takes in Marrakesh helping you develop your drawing skills.Rapid line and figure drawing and colour mixing are all covered and the eight­day holiday is based in Kasbah du Toubkal.
May 8，￡2,495 including some meals.Steppes Travel (01285 601 495；steppestravel.co.uk)．
Ballroom and Latin American dancing in Tenerife
This travel provides daily dance tuition with David Bowie who’ll be on hand to teach dancing techniques.It is aimed both at the beginners and more experienced dancers looking to improve their skills.There’ll also be time to explore the island on foot or play a round of golf.
April 26，￡769 full­board.Saga (0800 096 0084；travel.saga.co.uk)．
Fishing in Northern Argentina
This nine­day fly fishing and conservation tour takes in the Iberá Marshlands，the world’s second largest wetlands.Here expert fisherman，Charles Jardine，is the guide as you fish.Based in Estancia Rincon del Socorro，the holiday also includes opportunities for horse riding and bird­watching.
October 15，￡5,095 full­board.Cazenove ＋ Loyd (02038135082；cazloyd.com)．
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者建议的四个有趣的度假方式。

25．Who might be interested in the Morocco Sketchbook holiday trip?
A．Amateur painters.
B．Bird watchers.
C．Sports lovers.
D．Photographic amateurs.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据Morocco Sketchbook部分的第一句“Led by artist Maxine Relton，this tour takes in Marrakesh helping you develop your drawing skills.”可知，喜欢画画的人可能对摩洛哥写生感兴趣。故选A。
26．On which trip can people ride horses?
A．Morocco Sketchbook.
B．Fishing in Northern Argentina.
C．Ballroom and Latin American dancing in Tenerife.
D．Holland in bloom river cruise with Alan Titchmarsh.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据Fishing in Northern Argentina部分第一段最后一句“Based in Estancia Rincon del Socorro，the holiday also includes opportunities for horse riding and bird­watching.”可知，人们能在阿根廷北部捕鱼的假期里骑马。故选B。
27．What can we know from the passage?
A．Fishing in Northern Argentina costs least.
B．Maxine Relton is an expert fisherman.
C．Morocco Sketchbook lasts the longest.
D．Two holidays take place in April.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章中四个度假方式的时间可知，第一个和第三个度假方式都在四月份。故选D。
话题：健康　难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·天津一中质检)
①When we think of humor，we generally think about entertainment—enjoying a stand­up comedy or watching a funny film.But psychologists believe humor can also help improve our mental health and promote social bonding.
②Rod Martin at the University of Western Ontario examined the relationship between a sense of humor and psychological well­being.He found individuals with a good sense of humor had higher levels of self­esteem(自尊)，were more positive in the face of challenging life events，and had more self­protective ways of coping with stress.
③However，this finding is only correlational.It could be that a good sense of humor fosters the positive qualities，and that high levels of self­esteem and a positive mindset may be what allows an individual to develop a good sense of humor.To prove it，researchers randomly appointed 55 adults to three courses：a humor group，a social group，and a control group.At the end of the courses，those in the humor group scored significantly higher on levels of emotional well­being and showed decreased levels of stress and anxiety.The researchers also tested the effects of attending parties as well as watching comedies and funny films.They found that these positive social activities also made these adults more humorous and welcome.
④Well­being in the workplace can also be increased by humor.Both Eric Romero and Kevin Cruthirds at the University of Texas found encouraging moments of jokes among colleagues were generally associated with increased work performance and decreased reports of stress.However，they also raise a caution：any positive result depends on the jokes in question.That the type of humor is key to its benefits clarifies why positive findings in this area are often weak or unclear.As some researchers wisely point out，the problem is that too few of them begin by defining clearly what humor is.He believes there are two types：adaptive and maladaptive(适应不良的)．
⑤Adaptive humor encourages us to feel closer to others and better about ourselves，whereas maladaptive humor is self­defeating，rude and aggressive.Maladaptive humor leads only to lower self­esteem and a distance between you and your colleagues.
⑥The conclusion？Humor can definitely help you，not only with your mental well­being，but also with your colleague relationships—only if it’s adaptive，self­enhancing and acceptable.All in all，kindness is the key.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是幽默。当我们想到幽默时，我们通常想到的是娱乐，但心理学家认为，幽默也有助于改善我们的心理健康，促进社会联系。幽默的人往往心理更健康。

28．What did Rod Martin find about humorous people?
A．They liked seeing funny performances.
B．They used humor to increase self­esteem.
C．They tended to enjoy better mental health.
D．They attached more importance to self­protection.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“He found individuals with a good sense of humor had higher levels of self­esteem(自尊)，were more positive in the face of challenging life events，and had more self­protective ways of coping with stress.”可知，罗德·马丁从幽默的人身上发现了他们往往心理更健康。故选C。
29．According to Paragraph 4，why are positive findings about office humor often weak?
A．Workplace is a special place for people to tell jokes.
B．There are too many factors affecting the results.
C．There’s not enough evidence to show its effects.
D．Different types of humor may have different effects.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后四句，特别是倒数第三句可知，关于办公室幽默的积极发现往往很弱是因为不同类型的幽默可能有不同的效果。故选D。
30．What is suggested by the author about humor?
A．Put yourself in others’ shoes when telling jokes.
B．Avoid hurting others when telling jokes.
C．Pay attention to the occasion of your jokes.
D．Get used to others’ jokes about you.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Humor can definitely help you...only if it’s adaptive，self­enhancing and acceptable.All in all，kindness is the key.”可知，作者认为讲笑话时要避免伤害别人。故选B。
31．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A．①－②③－④－⑤⑥ B．①②－③④－⑤⑥
C．①②－③－④⑤－⑥ D．①－②③－④⑤－⑥
答案　D
解析　篇章结构题。本文第一段提出论点；第二、三段讲述了“幽默”带来的积极影响；第四、五段讲述了“幽默”应该注意的事情；最后一段总结，得出结论。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·河南开封三模)
A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals(痊愈)．Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.
The study showed how the body’s circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. 32 It tells our bodies when to wake up，eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. 33
In the study，researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day.Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The researchers examined cells，mice，and burn injury databases. 34
Night­time burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock at night and 8 o’clock the next morning—were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.
But after an average of 17 days，daytime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock in the morning and 8 at night—were 95 percent healed. 35
Wounds are very costly to treat. 36 In Britain’s National Health Services，for example，such services cost around $6.56 billion per year.Experts say the high costs result，in part，from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.
A．Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.
B．The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.
C．Specifically，their investigation found the following information：
D．The new study’s findings could help scientists develop better drugs.
E．In other words，night­time injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.
F．Worldwide，billions of dollars are spent every year on wound­treatment services.
G．That’s what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.

32．答案　B
解析　第二段首句“The study showed how the body’s circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds.”提到了昼夜节律，而选项B(昼夜节律就像一个闹钟或是定时器)也进一步作了说明，故选B。
33．答案　A
解析　由上文中的“It tells our bodies when to wake up，eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day.”可知A项(每个循环持续24小时)符合语境，故选A。
34．答案　C
解析　第五、六段是调查研究结果，故选C(他们的调查研究发现了如下信息)。
35．答案　E
解析　此处是对本段前文内容的总结。故E项(换句话说，夜晚时间的受伤愈合时间平均起来，要长于11天)符合语境，故选E。
36．答案　F
解析　由前文“Wounds are very costly to treat.”及下文可知这里提到了受伤治疗的花费问题，故选F(世界范围内，每年用于受伤治疗服务的花费数以亿计)。
Ⅴ.完形填空

(2018·内蒙古巴彦淖尔第一中学期中)
“Whoa！What are you doing？” I asked.I had just walked into my daughter’s room as she was 37 a science project.Normally，I would have been pleased at such a(n) 38 .But this time，her project involved much sand. 39 she’d put some plastic under her work area，it wasn’t nearly enough.The sand was 40 all over our newly renovated(整修的) floor.
My daughter immediately felt my displeasure and began to 41 herself.“I used plastic！” she responded angrily.I responded more 42 ，“But the sand is getting all over！”
“Where else am I supposed to do it？” she 43 .
Why won’t she admit when she has done something 44 ？I felt my 45 ，thinking of the future：What would her life look like if she couldn’t admit her mistakes?
My fear translated into more anger，this time about how 46 it was for her to admit mistakes.We had a 47 .She said something that I felt disrespectful to me and I 48 my voice.Both of us ended up 49 terrible.I wished this 50 happened before.
So I thought that I needed a good 51 to respond to my daughter.For this，I went to my wife，Eleanor，who was truly a master.I asked her how I should have 52 it.
“Sweetie，” she said，role­playing me in the 53 with my daughter，“There’s a lot of sand here and we need to 54 it up before it destroys the floor，how can I help？”
That’s really a great way to deal with it：first 55 the problem，next state what needs to happen and then offer to 56 .It’s simple，right？However，it’s really helpful in solving some problems in life.
语篇解读　作者的女儿在房间里用沙子做科学作业，这令作者很生气，和女儿发生了争吵，随后向妻子寻求建议，妻子讲述了正确的解决办法。

37．A.applying for B．worrying about
C．working on D．caring for
答案　C
解析　apply for申请；worry about担心；work on从事于，致力于；care for照顾。我走进女儿的房间时她正在做一个科学作业。根据句意选C。
38．A.accident B．sight
C．lesson D．item
答案　B
解析　accident事故；sight情景，场景；lesson课；item项目。通常我会非常开心地看到这个场景。故选B。
39．A.When B．If
C．Because D．While
答案　D
解析　when当……时候；if如果；because因为；while尽管。尽管她在工作区下放了一些塑料，但这远远不够。故选D。
40．A.spreading B．flowing
C．decorating D．covering
答案　A
解析　spread传播，散开；flow流动；decorate装修；cover覆盖。沙四处散开于新装修的地板上。故选A。
41．A.behave B．express
C．defend D．enjoy
答案　C
解析　behave表现，举止；express表达；defend辩解，辩护；enjoy享受。我女儿马上感觉到了我的不悦并开始为自己辩解。故选C。
42．A.calmly B．angrily
C．quickly D．nervously
答案　B
解析　calmly镇定地；angrily生气地；quickly快速地；nervously紧张地。根据前一句“she responded angrily”和后一句我的反应可知，此处属于原词复现。故选B。
43．A.suggested B．smiled
C．nodded D．shouted
答案　D
解析　suggest建议；smile微笑；nod点头；shout喊叫。此处父女二人都在气头上，所以他们说话的语气肯定都是喊叫的方式。故选D。
44．A.wrong B．good
C．dangerous D．unusual
答案　A
解析　wrong错误的；good好的；dangerous危险的；unusual不同寻常的。为什么当她做错了事情的时候她不承认呢？根据前文的描述可知此处是做错了。故选A。
45．A.sadness B．disappointment
C．fear D．anger
答案　C
解析　sadness悲伤；disappointment失望；fear害怕；anger生气。根据后文“My fear translated into more anger”可知这里的意思是：想到她的未来，我感受到了我的害怕。故选C。
46．A.possible B．important
C．natural D．reasonable
答案　B
解析　possible可能的；important重要的；natural自然的；reasonable合理的。这一次是关于对她来说承认错误有多么的重要。根据句意可知选B。
47．A.quarrel B．discussion
C．chat D．meeting
答案　A
解析　quarrel争吵；discussion讨论；chat交谈；meeting会议。根据后一句“...disrespectful to me”可知女儿说了一些不尊重我的话，由此推断俩人争吵起来。故选A。
48．A.lowered B．lost
C．raised D．heard
答案　C
解析　lower降低；lose失去；raise提高；hear听。俩人争吵，因此“我”肯定提高了嗓门。故选C。
49．A.remaining B．sounding
C．looking D．feeling
答案　D
解析　remain仍然是；sound听起来；look看起来；feel感觉。我们两个人最后感觉都很糟糕。故选D。
50．A.seldom B．never
C．always D．sometimes
答案　B
解析　seldom很少；never绝不；always永远；sometimes有时。我希望这一切从来都没有发生过。根据句意可知选B。
51．A.chance B．excuse
C．way D．right
答案　C
解析　chance机会；excuse借口；way方式；right权利。因此我想我需要一个很好的方式来回应我的女儿。根据句意可知选C。

52．A.handled B．accepted
C．understood D．tolerated
答案　A
解析　handle处理；accept接受；understand理解；tolerate忍受。我问我的妻子我本应该如何处理这件事。根据句意可知选A。
53．A.course B．conversation
C．company D．game
答案　B
解析　course课程；conversation对话；company公司；game游戏。我的妻子角色扮演扮演我来跟我的女儿进行对话。故选B。
54．A.pick B．bring
C．put D．clean
答案　D
解析　pick捡；bring带来；put放；clean清洁。这儿有许多沙，我们需要在沙毁坏地板之前把它清理干净。clean up打扫，固定短语。故选D。
55．A.solve B．create
C．identify D．ignore
答案　C
解析　solve解决；create创造；identify确定，识别；ignore忽略。那真是一个解决问题的好方法：首先，确认这个问题，然后陈述会发生什么，最后提供帮助。根据句意可知选C。
56．A.help B．leave
C．give D．stay
答案　A
解析　help帮助；leave离开；give给；stay待。根据上题解析可知选A。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Researchers from the University of Michigan have found that astronauts’ brains change shape during spaceflight.It is the first study 57.to look(look) into how the brain changes in space.Researchers looked at high­tech MRI(磁共振成像) pictures of the brains of 26 astronauts who spent time in space.Twelve of the 58.astronauts(astronaut) spent two weeks on the Space Shuttle，and 14 spent six weeks on the International Space Station.All of them 59.experienced(experience) increases and decreases in the size of 60.different(differ) parts of the brain.The longer an astronaut spent in space，the 61.bigger(big) the size differences were.
The research produced some 62.interesting(interest) findings.One is that no gravity means fluids do not drop in the body,63.so there is a shift in the brain’s position inside the skull.The brain becomes either smaller or bigger.The findings could help doctors to treat problems that affect the brain’s function.They could treat people with problems 64.caused(cause) by long­term bed rest.They could also help those who have a build­up of fluid in the brain，which can lead 65.to brain damage.We will understand more about 66.how neurons(神经元) in the brain connect.The findings will also help future trips to Mars.
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Last Sunday afternoon，Sandra and I were eager to meet up with a man on Detroit’s east side to help him get ready for a job interview this week.But on the way，we spotted a dog lying near the road next to his owner.We thought he’d been hit by a car.My friend，Sandra Abrahamian，and I had assisted animal rescue groups before and we thought there might be something we could do，so we quickly pulled over to help.
His owner，a woman told us the dog’s name is Bosco，and she was walking him over a mile in the heat to her new home.She said Bosco was an outside dog and no one would give him a ride to her new place.That’s why she and a friend decided to walk the entire way.He was going from a life on a chain in one backyard to another.She said Bosco was having trouble breathing along the way，but they thought he could make it.But just a block away from their destination，Bosco fell down.We could tell he was suffering from heatstroke(中暑)．She told us he had thrown up and could no longer stand.Bosco was out of breath quickly；his drool(口水) was also thick.Bosco’s owner said she wanted to give him away because she didn’t have time for him.She said he would never be allowed into her new “home” because her children have allergies(过敏症) and she worried he would dirty the carpet.
I made a call to Kristina Rinaldi of Detroit Dog Rescue to ask if they could help Bosco because it was clear that he was going to die without emergency care.To our happiness，Rinaldi said they could help.At once she told the people at Oakland Veterinary Referral Services that a dog which needed critical care was being rushed in and they must be ready to try their best to save him.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying to comfort Bosco.

Paragraph 2：
So Bosco is now being called Roscoe，whose critical care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand dollars.

参考范文
Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying to comfort Bosco.I thought we lost him a couple of times when he was seemingly out of breath and his eyes seemed to close.By the time we arrived，Bosco was wheeled into the animal care center to receive emergency care.Bosco was put on oxygen and was taken good care of by staff there and we waited anxiously for the dog to get out of danger.Rinaldi said another dog in Detroit Dog Rescue had already been named Bosco，and she wanted this new member to have a new name for his new life.
So Bosco is now being called Roscoe，whose critical care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand dollars.It would be difficult for Roscoe’s new home to cover the costs as a non­profit organization.Thankfully，many people who knew Roscoe’s story on Detroit Dog Rescue’s Facebook page donated money to his care.With the help of supporters，Detroit Dog Rescue managed to make it.Once Roscoe was in a stable state，Sandra and I returned to our original mission，knowing we had already been given the chance to help one desperate soul.