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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book1Module6
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基础知识默写
1．contain vt.包含；包括→container n．容器
2．access n．接近；通路；机会→accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的
3．breakdown n．故障；分解
4．source n．来源；出处
5．data n．(复)数据
6．defence n．保护；防卫→defend vt.保护；防卫
7．create vt.创造；发明→creation n．创造力→creative adj.有创造力的
8．design vt.&n.设计→designer n．设计者
9．invention n．发明→invent vt.发明→inventor n．发明家；发明者
10．permission n．许可→permit v．许可，允许 n．许可证
11．concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentration n．专心；专注；注意
12．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend v．依靠；依赖→dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的→dependence n．依靠；依赖
13．disadvantage n．弊端；缺点→advantage(反)n.优点；长处
14．average adj.平均的 n．平均；平均数
15．shorten vt.缩短→short adj.短的→shortly adv.不久；立刻→shortage n．短缺
16．crash vi.(计算机)崩溃；坠毁
17．keyword n．密码；口令
18．log vt.记录；登录
19．network n．网络
20．software n．软件→hardware n．硬件
21．document n．文件→documentary n．纪录片
22．percentage n．百分数；百分率
23．military adj.军事的；军队的
24．definite adj.明确的→definitely adv.明确地
25．fantastic adj.极好的；美妙的
26．frequently adv.时常；经常→frequent adj.时常的；经常的→frequency n．频率
27．sideways adv.横着地；斜着地
28．statistics n．(复)统计数字
29．consist of由……组成
30．as well也
31．become known as...作为……而出名；被称为……；叫作……
32．go down下降
33．come up with提出
34．from that moment on从那时起
35．concentrate on聚精会神；集中思想
36．with the help of在……的帮助下
37．compared with与……相比
38．a series of一系列
39．BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用因特网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。
40．It would be much better if we spent the time working on a computer.
如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container(contain)．
2．Disabled visitors are welcome；there is good wheelchair access(通路) to most facilities.
3．The female hormones(荷尔蒙) help the body defend(防御) itself against some kinds of infections.(2016·四川)
4．The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions (invent)．(2017·北京)
5．I woke up the next morning，thinking I would definitely(definite) be criticised.(2017·天津)
6．Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design)
approach this important point.(2018 全国Ⅰ)
7．Artists make a living through their creative(create) work.(2018·江苏)
8．You must ask permission(permit) before taking any photographs inside the church.
9．The author intends to tell us that great athletes need to concentrate(集中精力) on patience.
(2016·江苏)
10．Children as young as ten are becoming dependent (depend) on social media for their sense of selfworth，a major study warned.(2018·江苏)
11．3D food printing cannot solve food shortage(short) easily.(2018·天津)
12．The government has announced an ambitious programme to modernize the railway network(网络)．
13．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown(分解)．
(2018·北京)
14．And the more frequently(frequent) mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging calls.(2017·江苏)
15．The average(平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Our present Internet life 1.consists of QQ，WeChat and the latest episodes(剧集) of your favorite TV dramas，and online games 2.as well.It is hard to believe that it’s only been 30 years since British computer scientist Tim BernersLee 3.came up with the World Wide Web concept(概念) on March 12,1989.He first presented a blueprint(蓝图)，and later 4.with the help of his colleagues and friends，the World Wide Web 5.became known as WWW.
6．From that moment on，our life was closely connected with the Internet.As a survey showed years ago，up to 87 percent of Americans said they used the Internet frequently.7.Compared with the most recent data，the number is rising instead of 8.going down.There are a lot of people，especially teenagers 9.concentrating on the Internet use.It is becoming a little worrying，as it may cause 10.a series of problems.In conclusion，it is one of the greatest revolutions in the history of human communication，but we should work out how to use it properly.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(make＋宾语＋宾补)
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
2．Were there/If there were no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(虚拟语气)
如果没有现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。
1．“包含”大搜索
(1)include vt.包括；含有
(2)contain vt.包含；容纳
(3)involve vt.包括；包含
(4)cover vt.包括；涉及
(5)comprise v．包括；由……组成
2．“由动词短语转化为名词”万花筒
(1)breakdown 故障
(2)breakup 破裂
(3)breakthrough 突破
(4)makeup 化妆品
(5)gettogether 聚会；联欢会
3．“集中精力于……”小结
(1)concentrate on
(2)focus/fix (one’s attention) on
(3)be buried in
(4)be absorbed in
(5)put one’s heart into
4．“with the＋n.＋of”短语
(1)with the help of在……的帮助下
(2)with the development of随着……的发展
(3)with the increase of随着……的增长
(4)with the purpose of带着……的目的
(1)contain oneself控制自己；自制
(2)container n.容器；集装箱；货柜
[写出下列句子中container/contain的汉语意思]
(1)Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.(2018·全国Ⅱ)容器
(2)The cats were fed a normal diet，containing 20% protein.包含
(3)He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.控制
(4)The stadium is large enough to contain 100 thousand audience.容纳
[根据语境用contain，include的正确形式填空]
(5)Our sixcity tour includes a visit to London.
(6)This book contains all the information you need.
[词义辨析] contain，include
※contain包括，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。
※include包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
[图解助记]
access n.(接近的)方法；通路；机会；权利(常与to连用)；可接近性
vt.进入；使用
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的；易懂的；随和的
be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)Kids shouldn’t have/get/obtain/gain access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (2018·江苏)
孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。
(2)[一句多译] 药品不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。
①Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.(accessible)
②Medicine should be kept where it is out of children’s reach.(reach)
易错点拨 在上述短语中，access前通常不加冠词，且在access to中，介词to后可接名词或代词，一般不接doing。
design n.设计；图案；构思；打算；意图
v.设计；构思；计划；制订
(1)by design＝on purpose故意地
(2)be designed as/for/to do(为某种特定目的)计划；设计
(1)Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or by design？你认为这栋大楼被烧毁是意外事故，还是有人蓄意为之？
(2)This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。
(3)The route was designed to relieve the heavy traffic.
这条路线是为了缓解繁忙的交通而设计的。
[句式升级]
(4)This building is designed for weddings and other celebrations and it’s beautiful.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)
This building designed for weddings and other celebrations is beautiful.
(1)ask for permission请求许可
with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/没有获得某人许可
(2)permit v．允许；许可；准许 n．通行证；许可证；执照
允许某人做某事
permit doing sth.允许做某事
(1)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission(permit)．
(2018·江苏)
(2)We are grateful to you for permission to copy(copy) this article.
(3)I was permitted to talk(talk) to the prisoner and the guards permitted me to bring(bring) my camera and tape recorder.
(4)If time permits，I will visit the Great Wall.(用独立主格结构改写)
→Time permitting，I will visit the Great Wall.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中permit的汉语意思
(5)You must get a permit if you want to keep a gun. A
A．许可证 B．许可 C．放任
易错点拨
(1)表示允许做某事时，permission后通常接不定式作定语，且其中的不定式习惯上不能换成for/of doing sth.。
(2)permit后通常不接that从句。
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事
concentrate one’s mind/attention on集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
(2)concentration n．集中；专心
(1)Because the places where wildlife is accessible are few in number，tourist traffic can become concentrated(concentrate) in specific areas，putting Arctic vegetation at risk.(2018·安徽六安模拟)
(2)With his attention concentrated(concentrate) on his study，he didn’t notice me come in.
(3)We must concentrate our mind/attention on(致力于) improving education.
average adj.(无比较级)平均的；平常的
n.平均；平均数；一般水平；平均标准
an average of(后跟数词) 平均有……
the average of...……的平均数
up to the average达到平均水平
on (an/the) average平均；一般地
above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下
(1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term.
(2)The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves that were 10 percent smaller on (an/the) average(平均)．(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中average的汉语意思
(3)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. A
A．普通的 B．典型的 C．平均的
易错点拨 “an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(1)consist in在于……；存在于……
consist with和……一致
(2)be consistent with与……一致的；符合的
(1)Consisting(consist) of two campuses，this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.
(2)Our deeds must consist with/be consistent with(与……一致) our words.
(3)[一句多译] 这个俱乐部由八个成员组成。
①This club consists of eight members.(consist)
②This club is made up of eight members.(make up)
③This club is composed of eight members.(compose)
易错点拨 consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
(1)as well as也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样好
①用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于not only。当as well as连接主语时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”)。类似的词还有together with，along with，with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等。
②用作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外(还有……)”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。
(2)may/might (just) as well do...表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意为“不妨……，还是……吧”。
(1)My sister，as well as her classmates who were late for class，was criticized by Mr Hunt.(be)
(2)Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make(make) full use of it.
[句式升级]
(3)The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.(用not only...but also...改写为倒装句)
Not only do the workers want to increase their pay，but they also want to reduce working hours.
易错点拨 A as well as B＝not only B but also A
be known for因为……而出名
be known to为……所熟知
(1)Mo Yan is known as a great writer.
(2)Shanxi food is also known for its liberal use of vinegar.
(3)It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.
[句式升级] 把第(3)句改为含有定语从句的复合句
(4)As is known to us all，the earth goes around the sun.
[联想拓展] 表示“因……而出名”的短语还有：be famous for，be celebrated for，be distinguished for，be noted for等。
go by经过；依照；凭……判断
go off离开；爆炸；熄灭；(食物等)变质，变坏
go through通过；仔细检查；经历；完成
go up上升；被兴建
go out熄灭；出去
go over复习；核对
[写出下列句子中go down的汉语意思]
(1)The moon has gone down.落下
(2)The ship went down by 12 feet.下沉
(3)The wind is going down.(风)减弱，减小，平静下来
(4)Her weight went down from 65 kilos to 50 kilos because of her illness.减轻
(5)At the moment，about 80 percent of web traffic is in English，but this percentage is going down.下降
come up走近；发生；被提及/提出/讨论；发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起
come about发生；造成
come across偶然碰到；被理解
come along跟着；前来；参加
come on出场；快点；加油；得了吧；怎么会呢
come out显出；出版；结果是
[根据语境用come短语的正确形式填空]
(1)The sky was dark blue when the moon came up.
(2)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.(2018·浙江)
(3)Day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.(2016·天津)
(4)There’s a barbecue tonight and you’re very welcome to come along.
(5)That came about when we went to New York last year.
(6)—You know what？I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh，come on.You’re kidding.
易错点拨 come up with是及物动词短语，后面必须跟上宾语；而come up是不及物动词短语，作“被提出”解时，常用plan，idea，suggestion等作主语。此外，有些含有come的动词短语，尽管是及物的(可接宾语)，但习惯上不用于被动语态，如come across，come from，come up with等。
(1)compare vt.比较；把……比作 vi.相比
compare...with/to...把……和……相比
compare...to...把……比作……
compare notes交流体会；交换意见
(2)without/beyond compare无与伦比；举世无双
(3)comparison n．比较
in comparison with和……相比较
(1)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
(2)Children’s comparing(compare) themselves to others online may lead to lower selfidentity and confidence.
(3)In comparison with other students(和其他学生相比；comparison)，Mike is more diligent.
[句式升级]
(4)If you compare Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.
①Compared with Charleston，Columbia is a young city.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Comparing Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
易错点拨 compare用作不及物动词时，其后习惯上只接with，多与情态动词can连用，且主要用于否定句或疑问句中。
BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用因特网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。
在该句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式
(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋从句
(3)make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(1)In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
(2)I make it a rule to get(get) up early in the morning and read English for half an hour.
(3)The situation made it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
It would be much better if we spent the time working on a computer.如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。
(1)If the new safety system had been put(put) to use，the accident would never have happened.
(2017·北京)
(2)If it were to rain/should rain/rained(rain) tomorrow，I wouldn’t go to the party.
(3)如果我比现在年轻三岁，我会强烈建议自己设定可行而具体的目标。(2015·重庆)
Were I/If I were three years younger than I am now，I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to＋动词原形
(3)should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After hours in the cold and wet，he reached inside and pulled the wallet out，only to discover it contained(contain) ￡400 in notes，with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.(2018·北京)
2．President Xi Jinping says that the central government will make medical insurance accessible (access) to every family.
3．The children become so dependent on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative(create) ideas.
4．Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
5．The ring is one of her personal possessions，so you can’t take it without permission(permit)．
6．The Center offers programs designed to challenge(challenge) and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun.(2018·北京)
7．Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch，consisting(consist) of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.
8．I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016·天津)
9．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently(frequent) have more books in the home.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10．Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.(2018·江苏)
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于学校)
1．我们学校由九十个班级组成，作为一所示范学校而出名。(v.ing 作定语)
2．平均来说，每个班只有五十名学生，这使我们能够自由地交流。(which 定语从句；make＋it＋adj.结构)
3．课堂上，我们聚精会神地学习并花很多时间独立思考。(spend some time in doing sth.)
4．课下，我们可以用图书馆和网络去获取我们需要的信息。
5．另外，我们学校还提出了一个活动，在活动中我们能够交换意见。(where 定语从句)
6．总之，学校为我们创造了很多的机会，我们应该好好利用它们。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Our school,11.consisting of ninety classes，is known as a model school.On average，there are 50 students in each class,12.which makes it possible for us to communicate freely.In class,13.we concentrate on our study and spend a great deal of time in thinking independently.In our spare time,14.we can have access to the library to obtain the information we need.Besides，our school 15.came up with an activity，where 16.we can exchange opinions.In conclusion，our school created 17.many opportunities for us and we should take advantage of them.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：家庭 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江名校协作体调研)
Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.“Somebody is coming home to you，” Mrs Gray said slowly.“He’s carrying a rifle on his back and he’s almost there.”
Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.“And there he is！” Mrs Gray cried，pointing to the road.They all rushed to the door to look.
A man in a blue coat，with a gun on his back，was walking down the road toward the Smith farm.His face was hidden by a large pack on his back.
Laughing and crying，Mrs Smith grabbed her hat and her children and ran out of Mrs Gray’s house.She hurried down the road after him，calling his name and pulling her children along with her.But the soldier was too far away for her voice to reach him.
When she got back to their farm，she saw the man standing by the fence.He was looking at the little house and the field of yellow wheat.The sun was almost touching the hills in the west.The cowbells rang softly as the animals moved toward the barn(畜棚)．
“How peaceful it all is，” Private Smith thought.“How far away from the battles，the hospitals，the wounded and the dead.My little farm in Wisconsin.How could I have left it for those years of killing and suffering？”
Trembling and weak with emotion，Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband.Her feet made no sound on the grass，but he turned suddenly to face her.For the rest of his life，he would never forget her face at that moment.
“Emma！” he cried.
The children stood back watching their mother kissing this strange man.He saw them，and kneeling down，he pulled from his pack three huge red apples.In a moment，all three children were in their father’s arms.Together，the family entered the little unpainted farmhouse.
Later that evening，after supper，Smith and his wife went outside.The moon was bright，above the eastern hills.Sweet，peaceful stars filled the sky as the night birds sang softly，and tiny insects buzzed in the soft air.
His farm needed work.His children needed clothing.He was no longer young and strong.But he began to plan for next year.With the same courage he had faced the war，Private Smith faced his difficult future.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。
18．Why could Mrs Smith hardly breathe when told her fortunes?
A．She had a sudden heart attack and almost lost consciousness.
B．She was shocked by the scene of a man with a rifle on his back.
C．She was overjoyed on hearing the return of her husband.
D．She ran out of the house too fast to catch her breath.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章开头“Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.‘Somebody is coming home to you’”和下文的“Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.”“Trembling and weak with emotion，Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband.”可知，史密斯夫人在得知丈夫回家的消息后，兴奋地颤抖，几乎不能呼吸。故选C。
19．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 suggest?
A．The moment expected for years would be a lifelong memory.
B．He had almost forgotten her face after those years’ suffering.
C．He was shocked by the excitement written on her face.
D．He was afraid to be apart from her again.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。此处指丈夫转身面对妻子时，他感觉在他的余生里，他永远不会忘记那一刻的她。这说明丈夫一直盼着回家见妻子和孩子们，期待多年的那一刻将成为他一生的记忆。故选A。
20．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．An Unexpected Visitor
B．Husband and Wife
C．The Return of a Private
D．The Smiths
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。本文描述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。C项“The Return of a Private”概括了全文内容，适合作为本文标题。故选C。
话题：旅游 难度星级：☆☆
Ireland’s Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination.However，since April，the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.
The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh，one of the five settlements on the island，awoke to a surprising sight：their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.For 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area’s tourism industry slowly declined，and the handful of beachside hotels，pubs，and restaurants gradually closed as well.
Then，around Easter last year，something magical happened—an unusual tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand.Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.
The locals are delighted to have their beach back，especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature，with their own eyes.However，Sean Molloy，manager of Achill Tourism，cautions against going into the cold waters just yet，saying，“Because of the sand coming in，we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents(洋流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.
Interestingly，this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act.It disappeared in the 1890s，for over 30 years，before returning in 1927.However，the locals are optimistic that this time around，the beautiful sand is here to stay.
语篇解读 爱尔兰的阿基尔岛是欧洲的旅游胜地，最近该岛沙滩的回归使其获得了全世界的关注。30多年前沙滩被海浪冲走的同时也冲走了此地的旅游业，所以此次沙滩的回归对这座小岛来说意义非凡，但是因为洋流可能改变，现在无法确定沙滩的安全性，所以该岛旅游部经理建议游客不要在海边游泳。
21．What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?
A．An unusual storm.
B．The decrease in the number of residents.
C．The return of its beach.
D．The building of a new tourist destination.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“However，since April，the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.”可知，三十多年前被冲走的沙滩的回归让阿基尔岛得到了全世界的关注。
22．What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades?
A．Tourism went down gradually.
B．Restaurants developed slowly.
C．Storms attacked frequently.
D．Rock pools disappeared completely.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第三、四句“For 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area’s tourism industry slowly declined”可知，过去的34年间，阿基尔岛的旅游业逐渐下滑。
23．What does the underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Noisy. B．Soft.
C．Bare. D．Golden.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.”可知，美丽的沙滩被风暴冲走，只剩下光秃秃的岩石，由此可猜测barren的意思是“光秃秃的”，bare意为“光秃秃的”，故选C项。
24．What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy?
A．Spoiling the shores.
B．Getting into the rock pools.
C．Playing with dolphins.
D．Swimming near the beaches.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.”可知，他建议游客享受柔软的沙滩，把游泳留给经常光顾这一地带的海豚，即他建议游客不要在沙滩旁游泳。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer，a pilot and a dog.The computer’s job is to fly the plane.The pilot is there to feed the dog.And the dog’s job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
Handing complex tasks to computers is not new.But recent progress in machine learning，a subfield of artificial intelligence(AI)，has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them.The result has been an AI boom，with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to selfdriving cars.
There is a problem，though.Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the task at hand.People struggle to understand exactly how those selfwritten programs do what they do.When algorithms(计算机程序) are doing small tasks，such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch，this “black box” problem can be safely ignored.When they are deciding who gets a loan，or how to drive a car through a crowded city，it is potentially harmful.And when things go wrong，then customers，regulators and the courts will want to know why.
For some people this is a reason to hold back AI.France’s digitaleconomy minister，Mounir Mahjoubi，has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained.But that is an overreaction.The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheardof.Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes；the most common are called human beings，who can’t even figure out what’s going on in a brain.In response to the weakness in humans，society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms，called laws，rules and regulations.Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades.One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise(监督) the machines.In that joke，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence.As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了人工智能在日常生活应用中给人们带来很多便利的同时，也存在一些潜在的危险。所以，人们不应该完全依赖它，而应对其加以监管。
25．Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To make people laugh.
B．To foresee future aeroplane industry.
C．To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
D．To raise people’s awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读本文可知，本文主要介绍人工智能的应用问题。目前人工智能用于日常生活的各个领域，但是，它是否能够完全不受人类控制，或者说人类是否应该完全依赖它，这是人们应该思考的问题。由此可推知，第一段中的笑话是为了增强人们对人工智能执行复杂任务的认识。
26．What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields?
A．The shortage of labor force.
B．The rise of artificial intelligence.
C．The encouragement of government.
D．The development of medical economy.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，最近机器学习能力(人工智能的分支)这一领域的进步使电脑能够处理以前不能处理的许多难题。这一现象的结果是电脑被应用于从医疗诊断和保险到汽车无人驾驶等各个方面。由此可知，人工智能的兴起是电脑被广泛应用于各个领域的主要原因。
27．Why are some people opposed to AI?
A．Black boxes always go wrong.
B．Laws forbid machine learning.
C．They don’t understand how AI works.
D．Computers are trying to replace human beings.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段第一句可知，一些人反对人工智能的原因在于，人们不知道人工智能在处理问题时是如何工作的。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·河北衡水中学五调)
Have you wanted to try an ebook？Has the cost of ebooks stopped you？Well，there are ebooks that you can download. 28 Others share information about where to find free or discounted ebooks.
There are several reasons why some ebooks are free.In some cases，the books’ copyright(版权) has come to an end.In other cases，writers offer books for free to grow a readership. 29 The writer hopes you will like the first book enough to buy those that follow.Similarly，Amazon is filled with free books，with a list of the top 100 free ebooks.This list changes constantly，based on how well the books are “selling” and whether they become or remain free.
When you find a free ebook you want to read，get it right away. 30 If you wait too long，you may discover the book now has a price attached.
31 They offer free ebook files to download directly from the sites.These files could have bad software designed to infect your computer.It is best not to download ebooks，or any file，from an unknown site.
Some free ebook sites offer referral(推荐) links to other websites. 32 These referral sites help you find free ebooks of interest to you.They also let you know when an ebook is free or goes on sale.
A．Be careful of some websites.
B．So visit Amazon’s list quickly.
C．Several websites offer free ebooks.
D．Referral links provide lists of best sellers.
E．Often the offer is open only for a short time.
F．Often a free book will be the first in a series.
G．Therefore，you can download free ebooks there.
28．答案 C
解析 设空处后提到，有些网站分享关于在哪里可以找到免费的或者打折的电子书的信息。设空处应指一些网站提供免费的电子书，与下句构成平行结构：several...others...。故选C项。
29．答案 F
解析 本段的主题是电子书免费的原因。根据设空处前一句可知，为扩大读者数量，一些作者会提供免费的电子书；再根据设空处后的“The writer hopes you will like the first book enough to buy those that follow.”可知，作者希望读者对第一本书足够喜爱以使他们买这个系列其余的书。因此，此处指这是一系列中的第一本，而第一本是免费的。故选F项。
30．答案 E
解析 第一句和结束句都出现了关于时间的词组，即right away和too long，说明设空处应与时间有关。E项(通常只是开放很短的一段时间)符合语境。
31．答案 A
解析 设空处是本段的主题句。根据设空处后的“These files could have bad software designed to infect your computer.”可知，这些网站可能会有不好的软件影响你的电脑，因此，本段的主旨是防止不良网站。A项(要小心一些网站)符合语境。
32．答案 G
解析 本段主旨是通过链接下载电子书。根据设空处前的“Some free ebook sites offer referral(推荐) links to other websites.”可知，有些免费的电子书网站提供其他网站的链接。因此，设空处指通过链接下载免费的电子书。故选G项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·台州中学统练)
I will always appreciate my father and his faith.
As I held my father’s hands one night，I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老茧)and roughness.His hands tell the story of his life as a 33 ，including all his struggles.
One 34 ，I remember，a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario，turning it into a burning desert.On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 35 from the grocery store.Fifty dozen was all we needed，which 36 took twenty minutes.That morning，however，the process didn’t go quickly.After forty minutes of 37 walking in the field，we 38 needed twenty dozen.I was completely frustrated and angry. 39 the basket heavily，I declared，“If the store wants its last twenty dozen，they can pick it themselves！” Dad laughed.“Just think，my little girl，only 40 dozen left for each of 41 and then we’re done.” Such is Dad—whatever problem he 42 ，he never gives up. 43 ，the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our county.It was a challenging time for everyone， 44 Dad remained optimistic.He 45 to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plate.Only then did I truly begin to 46 Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of real 47 .From dawn to dusk，he works countless hours to 48 our family.He always puts our happiness 49 his own，and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 50 his exhaustion(疲劳) after long days.His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and 51 others first.
Dad，the life 52 I have learned from you will stay with me forever.You are my father，teacher，friend and，most importantly，my hero.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述她的家乡安大略省在一年夏天遭受旱灾时，她与父亲冒着酷暑为交付杂货店的订单而在地里找甜玉米的故事，表达了父亲乐观、无私、慈爱的品格对自己的深远影响，以及作者对父亲的崇敬和爱戴。
33．A.farmer B．grocer
C．gardener D．teacher
答案 A
解析 farmer农民；grocer杂货商；gardener园丁；teacher老师。根据下文中的“I was picking sweet corn with my dad”并结合上文作者对她父亲的手的描述可知，父亲是一位农民，故选A。
34．A.spring B．summer
C．autumn D．winter
答案 B
解析 根据句意“我记得，旱灾使安大略省变成了一个燃烧的沙漠”，可推测出应该是夏天，故选B。
35．A.gap B．form
C．order D．position
答案 C
解析 gap缺口；form表格；order订单；position 位置。结合下文语境和四个选项可知，作者在酷热的上午和父亲去摘玉米是为了交付商店的订单，故选C。
36．A.usually B．repeatedly
C．finally D．really
答案 A
解析 usually通常；repeatedly反复；finally最终；really真正地。根据下文作者说四十分钟后我们还需要20打，可知本句句意应该是：我们只需五十打甜玉米，通常情况下需要20分钟就能摘完，故选A。
37．A.happily B．aimlessly
C．easily D．hardly
答案 B
解析 happily开心地；aimlessly漫无目的地；easily容易地；hardly几乎不。结合上下文语境，全省都遭遇了干旱，庄稼的收成一定不好，要收集够玉米需要在地里到处找，再结合四个选项，知B项最切题。
38．A.yet B．even
C．still D．nearly
答案 C
解析 yet然而；even甚至；still仍然；nearly几乎。结合上文和本句句意可知，以前只需20分钟就能摘50打玉米，这次40多分钟后还没有摘够，因此此处应是我们仍然需要20打，故选C。
39．A.Cutting B．Taking
C．Picking D．Dropping
答案 D
解析 cut切断；take拿；pick捡；drop(使)掉落。结合上下文，用了很长时间也没有摘够玉米，作者很沮丧，也很生气，并且说“如果商店想要最后的20打玉米，就让他们自己摘去吧”可知，作者气得把篮子重重地丢在了地上，故选D。
40．A.five B．ten
C．twenty D．fifty
答案 B
解析 根据上文“If the store wants its last twenty dozen”可知，还差20打即每人十打，故选B。
41．A.them B．you
C．me D．us
答案 D
解析 根据句意，总共差20打没有摘够，可知作者和父亲两个人每人差十打，此处是我们每个人，故选D。
42．A.brings up B．meets with
C．works out D．thinks about
答案 B
解析 bring up抚养；meet with碰到；work out解决；think about考虑。结合上文和本句句意可知，作者想表达她父亲是一个遇到问题永不言弃的人，故选B。
43．A.Thankfully B．Strangely
C．Hopefully D．Unfortunately
答案 D
解析 thankfully感激地；strangely奇怪地；hopefully充满希望地；unfortunately不幸地。根据空后的句意：全省都遭遇了干旱，可知这是不幸的，故选D。
44．A.or B．but
C．for D．so
答案 B
解析 or或者；but但是；for因为；so因此。结合上文旱灾对每个人来说都是个挑战，和后一句，父亲仍然乐观可知前后是转折关系，故选B。
45．A.happened B．stopped
C．aimed D．continued
答案 D
解析 结合上文可知本句句意为：他会继续感激其他的东西，比如健康和盘中的食物。continue to do sth.继续做某事。故选D。
46．A.face B．examine
C．appreciate D．question
答案 C
解析 face面对；examine检查；appreciate欣赏；question质疑。根据后面的“his faith that guided us through the hard times(父亲的信念引导我们度过了一些艰难的时期)”可知，直到那时我才真正地开始欣赏父亲，故选C。
47．A.love B．pride
C．friendship D．honesty
答案 A
解析 love爱；pride自豪；friendship友谊；honesty诚实。结合下文父亲为我们的付出可知，父亲是“爱”的一个活生生的例子，故选A。
48．A.settle B．start
C．support D．impress
答案 C
解析 settle解决；start开始；support支撑；impress给予印象。根据句意可知，他工作无数个小时是为了支撑我们的家，故选C。
49．A.before B．after
C．beside D．under
答案 A
解析 before在……之前；after在……之后；beside在……旁边；under在……下面。结合上下文语境可知，父亲为了支撑这个家庭任劳任怨，他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，故选A。
50．A.in terms of B．in control of
C．in spite of D．in place of
答案 C
解析 in terms of在……方面；in control of控制；in spite of尽管；in place of代替。根据句意：在我的运动会中，他从来都没有错过鼓励我，尽管他很疲劳，可知选C。
51．A.putting B．cheering
C．thinking D．turning
答案 A
解析 put放；cheer欢呼；think思考；turn转向。句意为：他的慈爱和无私使我变得更有同情心而且把他人放在第一位。故选A。
52．A.styles B．ways
C．lessons D．history
答案 C
解析 style风格；way方式；lesson教训；history历史。结合上文和下一句作者说“你是我的父亲，我的老师、朋友和英雄”可知，作者从父亲那里学到了人生中重要的一课，故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
The British Museum,53.located(locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London，is the first national public museum dedicated to human history，art and culture.Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works，making 54.it one of the largest in existence.It has been 55.widely(wide) sourced，and documenting the story of human culture 56.from its beginnings to the present.As with all other national museums in 57.the United Kingdom，it charges no admission fee.Its ownership of some of its most famous objects 58.that/which originally came from other countries is controversial，particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles.Today the museum no longer houses 59.collections(collection) of natural history，and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it 60.held(hold) now form part of the independent British Library.61.But it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works 62.representing(represent) the cultures of the world，ancient and modern.
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With the help of data one can easily know the price of a can of Coke in a supermarket，the speed at which a car is running，the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day.Obviously，data can make our life easier and more comfortable.What is more important，data seems to be fairer than words or statements.Therefore，many people would rather believe data than trust a man.
On the other hand，if people judge things only by data from the socalled specific research，aren’t they a little too narrowminded？The fast pace of modern life and the experience of being cheated make these people forget something important about data.
More often than not，data is just part of the truth.For example，how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because she or he doesn’t get high marks in the final examinations？And how can you refuse to accept that the poetry of William Yeats is really wonderful even though books about his poetry are never bestsellers?
There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to the assessment of an actual event.But the data people get are not always correct.Incorrect data may cause people to make a wrong judgment.Therefore，data does not mean much to people if they do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether it is true or false.
One more thing，it is impossible for people to measure all the things in life by data.For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life，the depth of love between you and your friends，and the faith you have in your country.People can only feel them in their hearts but can never express them in data.
Data is data after all.Just remember the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.
参考范文
Data brings ease and comfort to one’s life and seems reliable，so many people only trust data while judging things.However，if people rely too much on data，they become narrowminded.Firstly，data is not the whole truth.Besides，wrong data may prevent people from making good judgments.Lastly，many things in life like emotions can never be measured by data.All in all，data is not enough to describe the wonderful world.
基础知识默写
1．contain vt.包含；包括→container n．容器
2．access n．接近；通路；机会→accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的
3．breakdown n．故障；分解
4．source n．来源；出处
5．data n．(复)数据
6．defence n．保护；防卫→defend vt.保护；防卫
7．create vt.创造；发明→creation n．创造力→creative adj.有创造力的
8．design vt.&n.设计→designer n．设计者
9．invention n．发明→invent vt.发明→inventor n．发明家；发明者
10．permission n．许可→permit v．许可，允许 n．许可证
11．concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentration n．专心；专注；注意
12．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend v．依靠；依赖→dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的→dependence n．依靠；依赖
13．disadvantage n．弊端；缺点→advantage(反)n.优点；长处
14．average adj.平均的 n．平均；平均数
15．shorten vt.缩短→short adj.短的→shortly adv.不久；立刻→shortage n．短缺
16．crash vi.(计算机)崩溃；坠毁
17．keyword n．密码；口令
18．log vt.记录；登录
19．network n．网络
20．software n．软件→hardware n．硬件
21．document n．文件→documentary n．纪录片
22．percentage n．百分数；百分率
23．military adj.军事的；军队的
24．definite adj.明确的→definitely adv.明确地
25．fantastic adj.极好的；美妙的
26．frequently adv.时常；经常→frequent adj.时常的；经常的→frequency n．频率
27．sideways adv.横着地；斜着地
28．statistics n．(复)统计数字
29．consist of由……组成
30．as well也
31．become known as...作为……而出名；被称为……；叫作……
32．go down下降
33．come up with提出
34．from that moment on从那时起
35．concentrate on聚精会神；集中思想
36．with the help of在……的帮助下
37．compared with与……相比
38．a series of一系列
39．BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用因特网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。
40．It would be much better if we spent the time working on a computer.
如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container(contain)．
2．Disabled visitors are welcome；there is good wheelchair access(通路) to most facilities.
3．The female hormones(荷尔蒙) help the body defend(防御) itself against some kinds of infections.(2016·四川)
4．The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions (invent)．(2017·北京)
5．I woke up the next morning，thinking I would definitely(definite) be criticised.(2017·天津)
6．Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design)
approach this important point.(2018 全国Ⅰ)
7．Artists make a living through their creative(create) work.(2018·江苏)
8．You must ask permission(permit) before taking any photographs inside the church.
9．The author intends to tell us that great athletes need to concentrate(集中精力) on patience.
(2016·江苏)
10．Children as young as ten are becoming dependent (depend) on social media for their sense of selfworth，a major study warned.(2018·江苏)
11．3D food printing cannot solve food shortage(short) easily.(2018·天津)
12．The government has announced an ambitious programme to modernize the railway network(网络)．
13．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown(分解)．
(2018·北京)
14．And the more frequently(frequent) mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging calls.(2017·江苏)
15．The average(平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Our present Internet life 1.consists of QQ，WeChat and the latest episodes(剧集) of your favorite TV dramas，and online games 2.as well.It is hard to believe that it’s only been 30 years since British computer scientist Tim BernersLee 3.came up with the World Wide Web concept(概念) on March 12,1989.He first presented a blueprint(蓝图)，and later 4.with the help of his colleagues and friends，the World Wide Web 5.became known as WWW.
6．From that moment on，our life was closely connected with the Internet.As a survey showed years ago，up to 87 percent of Americans said they used the Internet frequently.7.Compared with the most recent data，the number is rising instead of 8.going down.There are a lot of people，especially teenagers 9.concentrating on the Internet use.It is becoming a little worrying，as it may cause 10.a series of problems.In conclusion，it is one of the greatest revolutions in the history of human communication，but we should work out how to use it properly.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(make＋宾语＋宾补)
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
2．Were there/If there were no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(虚拟语气)
如果没有现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。
1．“包含”大搜索
(1)include vt.包括；含有
(2)contain vt.包含；容纳
(3)involve vt.包括；包含
(4)cover vt.包括；涉及
(5)comprise v．包括；由……组成
2．“由动词短语转化为名词”万花筒
(1)breakdown 故障
(2)breakup 破裂
(3)breakthrough 突破
(4)makeup 化妆品
(5)gettogether 聚会；联欢会
3．“集中精力于……”小结
(1)concentrate on
(2)focus/fix (one’s attention) on
(3)be buried in
(4)be absorbed in
(5)put one’s heart into
4．“with the＋n.＋of”短语
(1)with the help of在……的帮助下
(2)with the development of随着……的发展
(3)with the increase of随着……的增长
(4)with the purpose of带着……的目的
(1)contain oneself控制自己；自制
(2)container n.容器；集装箱；货柜
[写出下列句子中container/contain的汉语意思]
(1)Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.(2018·全国Ⅱ)容器
(2)The cats were fed a normal diet，containing 20% protein.包含
(3)He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.控制
(4)The stadium is large enough to contain 100 thousand audience.容纳
[根据语境用contain，include的正确形式填空]
(5)Our sixcity tour includes a visit to London.
(6)This book contains all the information you need.
[词义辨析] contain，include
※contain包括，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。
※include包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
[图解助记]
access n.(接近的)方法；通路；机会；权利(常与to连用)；可接近性
vt.进入；使用
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的；易懂的；随和的
be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)Kids shouldn’t have/get/obtain/gain access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (2018·江苏)
孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。
(2)[一句多译] 药品不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。
①Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.(accessible)
②Medicine should be kept where it is out of children’s reach.(reach)
易错点拨 在上述短语中，access前通常不加冠词，且在access to中，介词to后可接名词或代词，一般不接doing。
design n.设计；图案；构思；打算；意图
v.设计；构思；计划；制订
(1)by design＝on purpose故意地
(2)be designed as/for/to do(为某种特定目的)计划；设计
(1)Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or by design？你认为这栋大楼被烧毁是意外事故，还是有人蓄意为之？
(2)This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。
(3)The route was designed to relieve the heavy traffic.
这条路线是为了缓解繁忙的交通而设计的。
[句式升级]
(4)This building is designed for weddings and other celebrations and it’s beautiful.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)
This building designed for weddings and other celebrations is beautiful.
(1)ask for permission请求许可
with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/没有获得某人许可
(2)permit v．允许；许可；准许 n．通行证；许可证；执照
允许某人做某事
permit doing sth.允许做某事
(1)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission(permit)．
(2018·江苏)
(2)We are grateful to you for permission to copy(copy) this article.
(3)I was permitted to talk(talk) to the prisoner and the guards permitted me to bring(bring) my camera and tape recorder.
(4)If time permits，I will visit the Great Wall.(用独立主格结构改写)
→Time permitting，I will visit the Great Wall.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中permit的汉语意思
(5)You must get a permit if you want to keep a gun. A
A．许可证 B．许可 C．放任
易错点拨
(1)表示允许做某事时，permission后通常接不定式作定语，且其中的不定式习惯上不能换成for/of doing sth.。
(2)permit后通常不接that从句。
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事
concentrate one’s mind/attention on集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
(2)concentration n．集中；专心
(1)Because the places where wildlife is accessible are few in number，tourist traffic can become concentrated(concentrate) in specific areas，putting Arctic vegetation at risk.(2018·安徽六安模拟)
(2)With his attention concentrated(concentrate) on his study，he didn’t notice me come in.
(3)We must concentrate our mind/attention on(致力于) improving education.
average adj.(无比较级)平均的；平常的
n.平均；平均数；一般水平；平均标准
an average of(后跟数词) 平均有……
the average of...……的平均数
up to the average达到平均水平
on (an/the) average平均；一般地
above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下
(1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term.
(2)The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves that were 10 percent smaller on (an/the) average(平均)．(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中average的汉语意思
(3)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. A
A．普通的 B．典型的 C．平均的
易错点拨 “an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(1)consist in在于……；存在于……
consist with和……一致
(2)be consistent with与……一致的；符合的
(1)Consisting(consist) of two campuses，this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.
(2)Our deeds must consist with/be consistent with(与……一致) our words.
(3)[一句多译] 这个俱乐部由八个成员组成。
①This club consists of eight members.(consist)
②This club is made up of eight members.(make up)
③This club is composed of eight members.(compose)
易错点拨 consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
(1)as well as也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样好
①用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于not only。当as well as连接主语时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”)。类似的词还有together with，along with，with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等。
②用作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外(还有……)”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。
(2)may/might (just) as well do...表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意为“不妨……，还是……吧”。
(1)My sister，as well as her classmates who were late for class，was criticized by Mr Hunt.(be)
(2)Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make(make) full use of it.
[句式升级]
(3)The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.(用not only...but also...改写为倒装句)
Not only do the workers want to increase their pay，but they also want to reduce working hours.
易错点拨 A as well as B＝not only B but also A
be known for因为……而出名
be known to为……所熟知
(1)Mo Yan is known as a great writer.
(2)Shanxi food is also known for its liberal use of vinegar.
(3)It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.
[句式升级] 把第(3)句改为含有定语从句的复合句
(4)As is known to us all，the earth goes around the sun.
[联想拓展] 表示“因……而出名”的短语还有：be famous for，be celebrated for，be distinguished for，be noted for等。
go by经过；依照；凭……判断
go off离开；爆炸；熄灭；(食物等)变质，变坏
go through通过；仔细检查；经历；完成
go up上升；被兴建
go out熄灭；出去
go over复习；核对
[写出下列句子中go down的汉语意思]
(1)The moon has gone down.落下
(2)The ship went down by 12 feet.下沉
(3)The wind is going down.(风)减弱，减小，平静下来
(4)Her weight went down from 65 kilos to 50 kilos because of her illness.减轻
(5)At the moment，about 80 percent of web traffic is in English，but this percentage is going down.下降
come up走近；发生；被提及/提出/讨论；发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起
come about发生；造成
come across偶然碰到；被理解
come along跟着；前来；参加
come on出场；快点；加油；得了吧；怎么会呢
come out显出；出版；结果是
[根据语境用come短语的正确形式填空]
(1)The sky was dark blue when the moon came up.
(2)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.(2018·浙江)
(3)Day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.(2016·天津)
(4)There’s a barbecue tonight and you’re very welcome to come along.
(5)That came about when we went to New York last year.
(6)—You know what？I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh，come on.You’re kidding.
易错点拨 come up with是及物动词短语，后面必须跟上宾语；而come up是不及物动词短语，作“被提出”解时，常用plan，idea，suggestion等作主语。此外，有些含有come的动词短语，尽管是及物的(可接宾语)，但习惯上不用于被动语态，如come across，come from，come up with等。
(1)compare vt.比较；把……比作 vi.相比
compare...with/to...把……和……相比
compare...to...把……比作……
compare notes交流体会；交换意见
(2)without/beyond compare无与伦比；举世无双
(3)comparison n．比较
in comparison with和……相比较
(1)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
(2)Children’s comparing(compare) themselves to others online may lead to lower selfidentity and confidence.
(3)In comparison with other students(和其他学生相比；comparison)，Mike is more diligent.
[句式升级]
(4)If you compare Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.
①Compared with Charleston，Columbia is a young city.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Comparing Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
易错点拨 compare用作不及物动词时，其后习惯上只接with，多与情态动词can连用，且主要用于否定句或疑问句中。
BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.
贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用因特网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。
在该句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式
(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋从句
(3)make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(1)In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
(2)I make it a rule to get(get) up early in the morning and read English for half an hour.
(3)The situation made it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
It would be much better if we spent the time working on a computer.如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。
(1)If the new safety system had been put(put) to use，the accident would never have happened.
(2017·北京)
(2)If it were to rain/should rain/rained(rain) tomorrow，I wouldn’t go to the party.
(3)如果我比现在年轻三岁，我会强烈建议自己设定可行而具体的目标。(2015·重庆)
Were I/If I were three years younger than I am now，I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to＋动词原形
(3)should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After hours in the cold and wet，he reached inside and pulled the wallet out，only to discover it contained(contain) ￡400 in notes，with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.(2018·北京)
2．President Xi Jinping says that the central government will make medical insurance accessible (access) to every family.
3．The children become so dependent on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative(create) ideas.
4．Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
5．The ring is one of her personal possessions，so you can’t take it without permission(permit)．
6．The Center offers programs designed to challenge(challenge) and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun.(2018·北京)
7．Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch，consisting(consist) of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.
8．I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016·天津)
9．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently(frequent) have more books in the home.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10．Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.(2018·江苏)
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于学校)
1．我们学校由九十个班级组成，作为一所示范学校而出名。(v.ing 作定语)
2．平均来说，每个班只有五十名学生，这使我们能够自由地交流。(which 定语从句；make＋it＋adj.结构)
3．课堂上，我们聚精会神地学习并花很多时间独立思考。(spend some time in doing sth.)
4．课下，我们可以用图书馆和网络去获取我们需要的信息。
5．另外，我们学校还提出了一个活动，在活动中我们能够交换意见。(where 定语从句)
6．总之，学校为我们创造了很多的机会，我们应该好好利用它们。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Our school,11.consisting of ninety classes，is known as a model school.On average，there are 50 students in each class,12.which makes it possible for us to communicate freely.In class,13.we concentrate on our study and spend a great deal of time in thinking independently.In our spare time,14.we can have access to the library to obtain the information we need.Besides，our school 15.came up with an activity，where 16.we can exchange opinions.In conclusion，our school created 17.many opportunities for us and we should take advantage of them.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：家庭 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江名校协作体调研)
Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.“Somebody is coming home to you，” Mrs Gray said slowly.“He’s carrying a rifle on his back and he’s almost there.”
Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.“And there he is！” Mrs Gray cried，pointing to the road.They all rushed to the door to look.
A man in a blue coat，with a gun on his back，was walking down the road toward the Smith farm.His face was hidden by a large pack on his back.
Laughing and crying，Mrs Smith grabbed her hat and her children and ran out of Mrs Gray’s house.She hurried down the road after him，calling his name and pulling her children along with her.But the soldier was too far away for her voice to reach him.
When she got back to their farm，she saw the man standing by the fence.He was looking at the little house and the field of yellow wheat.The sun was almost touching the hills in the west.The cowbells rang softly as the animals moved toward the barn(畜棚)．
“How peaceful it all is，” Private Smith thought.“How far away from the battles，the hospitals，the wounded and the dead.My little farm in Wisconsin.How could I have left it for those years of killing and suffering？”
Trembling and weak with emotion，Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband.Her feet made no sound on the grass，but he turned suddenly to face her.For the rest of his life，he would never forget her face at that moment.
“Emma！” he cried.
The children stood back watching their mother kissing this strange man.He saw them，and kneeling down，he pulled from his pack three huge red apples.In a moment，all three children were in their father’s arms.Together，the family entered the little unpainted farmhouse.
Later that evening，after supper，Smith and his wife went outside.The moon was bright，above the eastern hills.Sweet，peaceful stars filled the sky as the night birds sang softly，and tiny insects buzzed in the soft air.
His farm needed work.His children needed clothing.He was no longer young and strong.But he began to plan for next year.With the same courage he had faced the war，Private Smith faced his difficult future.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。
18．Why could Mrs Smith hardly breathe when told her fortunes?
A．She had a sudden heart attack and almost lost consciousness.
B．She was shocked by the scene of a man with a rifle on his back.
C．She was overjoyed on hearing the return of her husband.
D．She ran out of the house too fast to catch her breath.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章开头“Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.‘Somebody is coming home to you’”和下文的“Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.”“Trembling and weak with emotion，Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband.”可知，史密斯夫人在得知丈夫回家的消息后，兴奋地颤抖，几乎不能呼吸。故选C。
19．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 suggest?
A．The moment expected for years would be a lifelong memory.
B．He had almost forgotten her face after those years’ suffering.
C．He was shocked by the excitement written on her face.
D．He was afraid to be apart from her again.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。此处指丈夫转身面对妻子时，他感觉在他的余生里，他永远不会忘记那一刻的她。这说明丈夫一直盼着回家见妻子和孩子们，期待多年的那一刻将成为他一生的记忆。故选A。
20．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．An Unexpected Visitor
B．Husband and Wife
C．The Return of a Private
D．The Smiths
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。本文描述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。C项“The Return of a Private”概括了全文内容，适合作为本文标题。故选C。
话题：旅游 难度星级：☆☆
Ireland’s Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination.However，since April，the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.
The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh，one of the five settlements on the island，awoke to a surprising sight：their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.For 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area’s tourism industry slowly declined，and the handful of beachside hotels，pubs，and restaurants gradually closed as well.
Then，around Easter last year，something magical happened—an unusual tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand.Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.
The locals are delighted to have their beach back，especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature，with their own eyes.However，Sean Molloy，manager of Achill Tourism，cautions against going into the cold waters just yet，saying，“Because of the sand coming in，we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents(洋流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.
Interestingly，this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act.It disappeared in the 1890s，for over 30 years，before returning in 1927.However，the locals are optimistic that this time around，the beautiful sand is here to stay.
语篇解读 爱尔兰的阿基尔岛是欧洲的旅游胜地，最近该岛沙滩的回归使其获得了全世界的关注。30多年前沙滩被海浪冲走的同时也冲走了此地的旅游业，所以此次沙滩的回归对这座小岛来说意义非凡，但是因为洋流可能改变，现在无法确定沙滩的安全性，所以该岛旅游部经理建议游客不要在海边游泳。
21．What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?
A．An unusual storm.
B．The decrease in the number of residents.
C．The return of its beach.
D．The building of a new tourist destination.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“However，since April，the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.”可知，三十多年前被冲走的沙滩的回归让阿基尔岛得到了全世界的关注。
22．What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades?
A．Tourism went down gradually.
B．Restaurants developed slowly.
C．Storms attacked frequently.
D．Rock pools disappeared completely.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第三、四句“For 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores.The area’s tourism industry slowly declined”可知，过去的34年间，阿基尔岛的旅游业逐渐下滑。
23．What does the underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Noisy. B．Soft.
C．Bare. D．Golden.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms.There were only rocks and rock pools left.”可知，美丽的沙滩被风暴冲走，只剩下光秃秃的岩石，由此可猜测barren的意思是“光秃秃的”，bare意为“光秃秃的”，故选C项。
24．What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy?
A．Spoiling the shores.
B．Getting into the rock pools.
C．Playing with dolphins.
D．Swimming near the beaches.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.”可知，他建议游客享受柔软的沙滩，把游泳留给经常光顾这一地带的海豚，即他建议游客不要在沙滩旁游泳。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer，a pilot and a dog.The computer’s job is to fly the plane.The pilot is there to feed the dog.And the dog’s job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
Handing complex tasks to computers is not new.But recent progress in machine learning，a subfield of artificial intelligence(AI)，has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them.The result has been an AI boom，with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to selfdriving cars.
There is a problem，though.Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the task at hand.People struggle to understand exactly how those selfwritten programs do what they do.When algorithms(计算机程序) are doing small tasks，such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch，this “black box” problem can be safely ignored.When they are deciding who gets a loan，or how to drive a car through a crowded city，it is potentially harmful.And when things go wrong，then customers，regulators and the courts will want to know why.
For some people this is a reason to hold back AI.France’s digitaleconomy minister，Mounir Mahjoubi，has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained.But that is an overreaction.The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheardof.Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes；the most common are called human beings，who can’t even figure out what’s going on in a brain.In response to the weakness in humans，society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms，called laws，rules and regulations.Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades.One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise(监督) the machines.In that joke，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence.As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了人工智能在日常生活应用中给人们带来很多便利的同时，也存在一些潜在的危险。所以，人们不应该完全依赖它，而应对其加以监管。
25．Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To make people laugh.
B．To foresee future aeroplane industry.
C．To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
D．To raise people’s awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读本文可知，本文主要介绍人工智能的应用问题。目前人工智能用于日常生活的各个领域，但是，它是否能够完全不受人类控制，或者说人类是否应该完全依赖它，这是人们应该思考的问题。由此可推知，第一段中的笑话是为了增强人们对人工智能执行复杂任务的认识。
26．What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields?
A．The shortage of labor force.
B．The rise of artificial intelligence.
C．The encouragement of government.
D．The development of medical economy.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，最近机器学习能力(人工智能的分支)这一领域的进步使电脑能够处理以前不能处理的许多难题。这一现象的结果是电脑被应用于从医疗诊断和保险到汽车无人驾驶等各个方面。由此可知，人工智能的兴起是电脑被广泛应用于各个领域的主要原因。
27．Why are some people opposed to AI?
A．Black boxes always go wrong.
B．Laws forbid machine learning.
C．They don’t understand how AI works.
D．Computers are trying to replace human beings.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段第一句可知，一些人反对人工智能的原因在于，人们不知道人工智能在处理问题时是如何工作的。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·河北衡水中学五调)
Have you wanted to try an ebook？Has the cost of ebooks stopped you？Well，there are ebooks that you can download. 28 Others share information about where to find free or discounted ebooks.
There are several reasons why some ebooks are free.In some cases，the books’ copyright(版权) has come to an end.In other cases，writers offer books for free to grow a readership. 29 The writer hopes you will like the first book enough to buy those that follow.Similarly，Amazon is filled with free books，with a list of the top 100 free ebooks.This list changes constantly，based on how well the books are “selling” and whether they become or remain free.
When you find a free ebook you want to read，get it right away. 30 If you wait too long，you may discover the book now has a price attached.
31 They offer free ebook files to download directly from the sites.These files could have bad software designed to infect your computer.It is best not to download ebooks，or any file，from an unknown site.
Some free ebook sites offer referral(推荐) links to other websites. 32 These referral sites help you find free ebooks of interest to you.They also let you know when an ebook is free or goes on sale.
A．Be careful of some websites.
B．So visit Amazon’s list quickly.
C．Several websites offer free ebooks.
D．Referral links provide lists of best sellers.
E．Often the offer is open only for a short time.
F．Often a free book will be the first in a series.
G．Therefore，you can download free ebooks there.
28．答案 C
解析 设空处后提到，有些网站分享关于在哪里可以找到免费的或者打折的电子书的信息。设空处应指一些网站提供免费的电子书，与下句构成平行结构：several...others...。故选C项。
29．答案 F
解析 本段的主题是电子书免费的原因。根据设空处前一句可知，为扩大读者数量，一些作者会提供免费的电子书；再根据设空处后的“The writer hopes you will like the first book enough to buy those that follow.”可知，作者希望读者对第一本书足够喜爱以使他们买这个系列其余的书。因此，此处指这是一系列中的第一本，而第一本是免费的。故选F项。
30．答案 E
解析 第一句和结束句都出现了关于时间的词组，即right away和too long，说明设空处应与时间有关。E项(通常只是开放很短的一段时间)符合语境。
31．答案 A
解析 设空处是本段的主题句。根据设空处后的“These files could have bad software designed to infect your computer.”可知，这些网站可能会有不好的软件影响你的电脑，因此，本段的主旨是防止不良网站。A项(要小心一些网站)符合语境。
32．答案 G
解析 本段主旨是通过链接下载电子书。根据设空处前的“Some free ebook sites offer referral(推荐) links to other websites.”可知，有些免费的电子书网站提供其他网站的链接。因此，设空处指通过链接下载免费的电子书。故选G项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·台州中学统练)
I will always appreciate my father and his faith.
As I held my father’s hands one night，I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老茧)and roughness.His hands tell the story of his life as a 33 ，including all his struggles.
One 34 ，I remember，a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario，turning it into a burning desert.On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 35 from the grocery store.Fifty dozen was all we needed，which 36 took twenty minutes.That morning，however，the process didn’t go quickly.After forty minutes of 37 walking in the field，we 38 needed twenty dozen.I was completely frustrated and angry. 39 the basket heavily，I declared，“If the store wants its last twenty dozen，they can pick it themselves！” Dad laughed.“Just think，my little girl，only 40 dozen left for each of 41 and then we’re done.” Such is Dad—whatever problem he 42 ，he never gives up. 43 ，the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our county.It was a challenging time for everyone， 44 Dad remained optimistic.He 45 to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plate.Only then did I truly begin to 46 Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of real 47 .From dawn to dusk，he works countless hours to 48 our family.He always puts our happiness 49 his own，and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 50 his exhaustion(疲劳) after long days.His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and 51 others first.
Dad，the life 52 I have learned from you will stay with me forever.You are my father，teacher，friend and，most importantly，my hero.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述她的家乡安大略省在一年夏天遭受旱灾时，她与父亲冒着酷暑为交付杂货店的订单而在地里找甜玉米的故事，表达了父亲乐观、无私、慈爱的品格对自己的深远影响，以及作者对父亲的崇敬和爱戴。
33．A.farmer B．grocer
C．gardener D．teacher
答案 A
解析 farmer农民；grocer杂货商；gardener园丁；teacher老师。根据下文中的“I was picking sweet corn with my dad”并结合上文作者对她父亲的手的描述可知，父亲是一位农民，故选A。
34．A.spring B．summer
C．autumn D．winter
答案 B
解析 根据句意“我记得，旱灾使安大略省变成了一个燃烧的沙漠”，可推测出应该是夏天，故选B。
35．A.gap B．form
C．order D．position
答案 C
解析 gap缺口；form表格；order订单；position 位置。结合下文语境和四个选项可知，作者在酷热的上午和父亲去摘玉米是为了交付商店的订单，故选C。
36．A.usually B．repeatedly
C．finally D．really
答案 A
解析 usually通常；repeatedly反复；finally最终；really真正地。根据下文作者说四十分钟后我们还需要20打，可知本句句意应该是：我们只需五十打甜玉米，通常情况下需要20分钟就能摘完，故选A。
37．A.happily B．aimlessly
C．easily D．hardly
答案 B
解析 happily开心地；aimlessly漫无目的地；easily容易地；hardly几乎不。结合上下文语境，全省都遭遇了干旱，庄稼的收成一定不好，要收集够玉米需要在地里到处找，再结合四个选项，知B项最切题。
38．A.yet B．even
C．still D．nearly
答案 C
解析 yet然而；even甚至；still仍然；nearly几乎。结合上文和本句句意可知，以前只需20分钟就能摘50打玉米，这次40多分钟后还没有摘够，因此此处应是我们仍然需要20打，故选C。
39．A.Cutting B．Taking
C．Picking D．Dropping
答案 D
解析 cut切断；take拿；pick捡；drop(使)掉落。结合上下文，用了很长时间也没有摘够玉米，作者很沮丧，也很生气，并且说“如果商店想要最后的20打玉米，就让他们自己摘去吧”可知，作者气得把篮子重重地丢在了地上，故选D。
40．A.five B．ten
C．twenty D．fifty
答案 B
解析 根据上文“If the store wants its last twenty dozen”可知，还差20打即每人十打，故选B。
41．A.them B．you
C．me D．us
答案 D
解析 根据句意，总共差20打没有摘够，可知作者和父亲两个人每人差十打，此处是我们每个人，故选D。
42．A.brings up B．meets with
C．works out D．thinks about
答案 B
解析 bring up抚养；meet with碰到；work out解决；think about考虑。结合上文和本句句意可知，作者想表达她父亲是一个遇到问题永不言弃的人，故选B。
43．A.Thankfully B．Strangely
C．Hopefully D．Unfortunately
答案 D
解析 thankfully感激地；strangely奇怪地；hopefully充满希望地；unfortunately不幸地。根据空后的句意：全省都遭遇了干旱，可知这是不幸的，故选D。
44．A.or B．but
C．for D．so
答案 B
解析 or或者；but但是；for因为；so因此。结合上文旱灾对每个人来说都是个挑战，和后一句，父亲仍然乐观可知前后是转折关系，故选B。
45．A.happened B．stopped
C．aimed D．continued
答案 D
解析 结合上文可知本句句意为：他会继续感激其他的东西，比如健康和盘中的食物。continue to do sth.继续做某事。故选D。
46．A.face B．examine
C．appreciate D．question
答案 C
解析 face面对；examine检查；appreciate欣赏；question质疑。根据后面的“his faith that guided us through the hard times(父亲的信念引导我们度过了一些艰难的时期)”可知，直到那时我才真正地开始欣赏父亲，故选C。
47．A.love B．pride
C．friendship D．honesty
答案 A
解析 love爱；pride自豪；friendship友谊；honesty诚实。结合下文父亲为我们的付出可知，父亲是“爱”的一个活生生的例子，故选A。
48．A.settle B．start
C．support D．impress
答案 C
解析 settle解决；start开始；support支撑；impress给予印象。根据句意可知，他工作无数个小时是为了支撑我们的家，故选C。
49．A.before B．after
C．beside D．under
答案 A
解析 before在……之前；after在……之后；beside在……旁边；under在……下面。结合上下文语境可知，父亲为了支撑这个家庭任劳任怨，他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，故选A。
50．A.in terms of B．in control of
C．in spite of D．in place of
答案 C
解析 in terms of在……方面；in control of控制；in spite of尽管；in place of代替。根据句意：在我的运动会中，他从来都没有错过鼓励我，尽管他很疲劳，可知选C。
51．A.putting B．cheering
C．thinking D．turning
答案 A
解析 put放；cheer欢呼；think思考；turn转向。句意为：他的慈爱和无私使我变得更有同情心而且把他人放在第一位。故选A。
52．A.styles B．ways
C．lessons D．history
答案 C
解析 style风格；way方式；lesson教训；history历史。结合上文和下一句作者说“你是我的父亲，我的老师、朋友和英雄”可知，作者从父亲那里学到了人生中重要的一课，故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
The British Museum,53.located(locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London，is the first national public museum dedicated to human history，art and culture.Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works，making 54.it one of the largest in existence.It has been 55.widely(wide) sourced，and documenting the story of human culture 56.from its beginnings to the present.As with all other national museums in 57.the United Kingdom，it charges no admission fee.Its ownership of some of its most famous objects 58.that/which originally came from other countries is controversial，particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles.Today the museum no longer houses 59.collections(collection) of natural history，and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it 60.held(hold) now form part of the independent British Library.61.But it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works 62.representing(represent) the cultures of the world，ancient and modern.
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With the help of data one can easily know the price of a can of Coke in a supermarket，the speed at which a car is running，the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day.Obviously，data can make our life easier and more comfortable.What is more important，data seems to be fairer than words or statements.Therefore，many people would rather believe data than trust a man.
On the other hand，if people judge things only by data from the socalled specific research，aren’t they a little too narrowminded？The fast pace of modern life and the experience of being cheated make these people forget something important about data.
More often than not，data is just part of the truth.For example，how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because she or he doesn’t get high marks in the final examinations？And how can you refuse to accept that the poetry of William Yeats is really wonderful even though books about his poetry are never bestsellers?
There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to the assessment of an actual event.But the data people get are not always correct.Incorrect data may cause people to make a wrong judgment.Therefore，data does not mean much to people if they do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether it is true or false.
One more thing，it is impossible for people to measure all the things in life by data.For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life，the depth of love between you and your friends，and the faith you have in your country.People can only feel them in their hearts but can never express them in data.
Data is data after all.Just remember the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.
参考范文
Data brings ease and comfort to one’s life and seems reliable，so many people only trust data while judging things.However，if people rely too much on data，they become narrowminded.Firstly，data is not the whole truth.Besides，wrong data may prevent people from making good judgments.Lastly，many things in life like emotions can never be measured by data.All in all，data is not enough to describe the wonderful world.
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