2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book4Module3



基础知识默写
1.communicate vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→communication n.交流；沟通
2.aggressive adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的；积极进取的
3.threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threaten v.威胁→threat n.威胁
4.weapon n.武器
5.deal n.协议；交易
6.formal adj.正式的→informal(反)adj.非正式的
7.slightly adv.轻微地；稍微→slight adj.轻微的
8.vary vi.变化→variety n.种类；多样性→various adj.各种各样的
9.traditionally adv.传统地→traditional adj.传统的→tradition n.传统
10.involve vt.包括→involved adj.有关联的；复杂的→involvement n.参与；卷入
11.spread vi.张开；传播→spread(过去式)→spread(过去分词)
12.bend vt.弯下腰→bent(过去式)→bent(过去分词)
13.hug vt.紧抱；拥抱→hugged(过去式)→hugged(过去分词)
14.stare vi.凝视；盯着看
15.blank adj.空白的；茫然的
16.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教的
17.host n.主人→hostess n.女主人
18.panic v.恐慌；惊慌→panicked(过去式)→panicked(过去分词)
19.rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudeness n.粗鲁，无礼→rudely adv.粗鲁地
20.invitation n.邀请→invite vt.邀请
21.live adj.现场的 v.生活；居住→living n.生计
22.request n.&v.请求；要求
23.judgement n.判断；意见→judge n.法官 v.评价；评估；批评
24.gesture n.姿势；姿态
25.bow vi.鞠躬
26.favour n.恩惠；善意的行为→favourite adj.最喜爱的；n.最喜爱的人或物→favorable adj.有利的；赞同的
27.performance n.表演→perform vt.表演→performer n.表演者
28.equality n.平等→equal adj.平等的→equally adv.平等地
29.youth n.年轻人；青春→young adj.年轻的→youngster n.年轻人
30.social adj.社会的；社交的→society n.社会
31.unconscious adj.无意的；不知不觉的→conscious(反)adj.意识到的；神志清醒的
32.wipe vt.擦；抹；揩
33.toast n.祝酒；干杯
34.infectious adj.有感染性的→infect v.感染→ infection n.感染
35.applause n.掌声→applaud vt.为……鼓掌
36.funeral n.葬礼
37.vary from...to... 从……到……变化
38.on guard (保持)警惕；站岗
39.make a deal达成协议；做成交易
40.hold up举起；支撑；承受住
41.give away泄露；暴露(自己的情况)
42.lift up举起；抬起
43.up and down一上一下地；来来回回地
44.by accident偶然地
45.say hello to 向……问好
46.switch on打开(灯、无线电等)
47.When in Rome，Do as the Romans Do入乡随俗
48.Indeed，body positions are part of what we call “body language”.
事实上，身体姿势是我们称之为“肢体语言”的一部分。
49.Not all body language is conscious.
并不是所有的身势语都是有意识的。
50.In France you should shake hands every time you say hello and goodbye.
在法国，每当你打招呼或告别时都应该(和别人)握手。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Small talk matters as much as a formal(正式的) talk.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.The development of the nation­state and the spread(传播) of universal compulsory education，have caused many languages to disappear.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3.The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared(凝视) at us.(2018·天津)
4.She had requested(要求) the community to turn it into a museum upon her death years ago.
(2018·天津)
5.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders，but once I started the car，my mind went blank(空白的).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6.Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication(communicate).
7.The training schedule，apart from regular training，includes joining in a variety(vary) of activities，such as participating in some national competitions.(2018·天津)
8.He asked the workers to use traditional(tradition) techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
9.Parental involvement(involve) is critical in helping with children’s development and achievement and in preventing and correcting educational and developmental problems.
10.Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude(rudeness) to that person by arguing with him or her.
11.He posted his offer on a social(society) networking website，and received thousands of e­mails.
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.Many people who live along the coast make a living(live) in fishing industry.(2017·北京)
13.Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular，works as a religious(religion) instructor in a nearby church.
14.If it had not been for his invitation(invite) the other day，I should not be here now.(2016·江苏)
15.The driver was unconscious(conscious) for three days in the hospital after the accident.
Ⅱ.选词成篇

The importance of body language is often discussed in business.People have different gestures that 1.vary from your hand movement to your facial expressions.Even your walking 2.up and down the office shows your inside self.To be exact，it is what you do that 3.gives away what you are thinking and what you are going to perform.Even if you remain 4. on guard to mask your inner activities from the moment you start 5.saying hello to each other，others can make their own judgement.We can divide the body language roughly into two kinds—high­power and low­power.

Typical high­power poses are about stretch(伸展) and expand your body.If you are eager to answer a question，try to 6. lift up your hands as high as possible to show your confidence.If you are called to deal with a challenge 7.by accident，remember to 8.hold up your head high first.If you finally 9.make a deal with your customer，always 10.switch on the music to show your joy immediately.On the contrary，low­power poses show you are helpless and defeated.
We should equip ourselves with the high­positive poses and make our day beautiful and energetic!
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(状语从句的省略)
当有父母陪同时，孩子们才被允许进入体育馆。
2.Not all that glitters is gold.(部分否定)
发光的并不都是金子。
3.Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we’d greet him at the door.(every time引导的时间状语从句)(2016·浙江)
每次他在傍晚回家时，我们都在门口迎接他。
4.We Chinese are proud of what we have achieved in the past two decades.(what引导介词of 的宾语从句)
我们中国人都为我们在过去二十年中所取得的成就感到骄傲。

1.“请求，要求”全接触
(1)request v.& n.请求；要求
(2)require v.需求；要求
(3)demand v.& n.要求
(4)ask v.请求；要求
(5)appeal v.& n.恳求；呼吁
2.“空的”小结
(1)empty adj.空的；空洞的
(2)vacant adj.空缺的
(3)blank adj.空白的；茫然的
(4)hollow adj.中空的
3.与at连用的“看”
(1)stare at v.凝视；盯着看
(2)gaze at v.凝视
(3)glance at v.一瞥
(4)glare at v.怒目而视
(5)glimpse at v.一瞥
4.“on＋n.”短语集锦
(1)on guard警戒；站岗
(2)on business出差
(3)on fire着火
(4)on duty值班；值勤
(5)on sale减价出售
(6)on holiday度假


(1)communicate sth.to sb.把……传达给某人
communicate with sb.和某人联系/交流
(2)communication n.交流；沟通
in communication with和……交流

(1)The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)The results will be communicated to parents next week.
(3)He is communicating with/in communication with(与……交流) his lawyer about this matter.
[熟词生义]　选择句子中communicate的汉语意思
(4)School children often communicate colds to each other. B
A.传达　B.传染；传播　C.交际
易错点拨　communicate后不跟双宾语，即不能说communicate sb.sth.，可说communicate sth.to sb.。

(1)vary from...to...由……到……不等
vary with随……变化
vary in在……方面变化
(2)various adj.各种各样的；不同的
(3)variety n.种类；多样性；变化
a variety of＝varieties of种种的；各种各样的

(1)Opinions on this matter vary from person to person(因人而异).
(2)The variety of his books is(be) astonishing.
(3)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various(vary).
(2018·北京)

(4)除了定期训练之外，我们的团队还将参加各种活动。(2017·全国Ⅲ)
Our team，apart from regular training，will join in varieties/a variety of activities.
易错点拨　a variety of＋名词，作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

deal v.处理；相处
n.协议；交易；大量

(1)deal with处理；对付；安排；涉及；和(某人)做生意；解决
deal in做……生意；经营；买卖
(2)make a deal达成协议；做成交易
It’s a deal.成交；一言为定。
(3)a great/good deal of许多；大量(后接不可数名词)
a great/good deal许多；大量(用作主语、宾语或状语)

(1)Learning to deal with(对付；处理) the social world is equally important.
(2)How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？(2017·天津)
(3)We don’t know what to do with the waste paper.
(4)A great deal of money has been spent(spend) on food so far.
易错点拨　deal with，do with都有“处理”的意思。deal with常和how连用，do with常与what连用。

involve v.包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加(卷入)……

(1)involve sth./sb.包括，牵连某物/某人
involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人卷入(做)某事
involve doing...包括/牵扯到做……
(2)involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的
be involved in参与；卷入；专注于……
be involved with涉及；与……有关
(3)involvement n.连累；牵连；卷入

(1)There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved(involve).(2018·江苏)
(2)We’ll make our decision and contact the people involved(involve).
(3)Being a soldier can involve getting(get) killed.
(4)For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in(参与) music at all.(2017·江苏)
易错点拨
(1)involve是及物动词，后跟动词时要用动名词形式。
(2)involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时意为“有关的；涉及的”。the involved problem复杂的问题；the problem involved所涉及的问题

(1)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
It is requested that...(should) do...要求……
(2)at one’s request(＝at the request of sb.)应某人的要求

(1)The request is that manuscripts(手稿) (should) be written(write) on one side only.
(2)He was transferred to another department at her request/at the request of her(应她的要求).
(3)[同义句改写]　All members are requested to be present at the party.
→It is requested that all members (should) be present at the party.
易错点拨
(1)动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。
(2)request后不能直接跟不定式，即不能说request to do...。

favour n.帮助；喜爱；恩惠；赞同
v.喜爱；偏袒

(1)in favour of赞成，支持；主张
in one’s favour对某人有利
show favour to对……偏爱/偏袒
owe sb.a favour欠某人的人情
do a favour for sb.＝do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮一个忙
(2)favourable adj.有利的；赞许的；给人好印象的

(1)The response to the invention hasn’t been all favourable(favour).
(2)Most of them were in favour of(支持) my opinion while David was against it.
(3)Would you do me the favour(帮我个忙) to open the window?
(4)[同义句改写]　Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.
→Now I wonder whether you could do a favour for me.
→Now I wonder whether I could ask you a favour.
易错点拨　若favour之后跟有表示其具体内容的不定式或of doing sth.，则其前面必须用定冠词the。

give way to给……让路
give back(归)还；使返回；恢复
give off放出；排出
give out用完；分发；发出，放出(光、热等)；公布
give up放弃

[写出下列句子中give away的汉语意思]
(1)Don’t give away to the public when we will start.泄露
(2)He gave away most of his money to the homeless.赠送
(3)Would you let her give away the chance to go abroad？失去
(4)The university president gave away our diplomas.颁发

常见by短语汇总：
by chance/accident/coincidence偶然；碰巧
by design故意
by mistake错误地
by hand手工
by heart默记；牢记
by force用武力
by nature天生地
by means of借助于；通过
by way of经由
by profession就职业来说；在职业上

[根据语境用by短语填空]
(1)He is simple and honest by nature.
(2)He succeeded by means of perseverance.
(3)I got on the wrong bus by mistake.
(4)They came across it by accident/chance/coincidence.


(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if not如果不这样的话。

(1)It is so cold that you can’t go out unless fully covered in thick clothes.
天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。
(2)Once disturbed by the noise of the baby，the mother won’t have a sound sleep the whole night.
一旦被婴儿吵醒，这位妈妈整晚就睡不好了。
(3)Wash it in water，pick out the small particles，if any.
用清水冲洗它，如果有的话，把小颗粒拣出来。

(4)徘徊在各种各样的礼品商店，享受现场音乐节目和有意思的街头娱乐。(2018·全国Ⅲ)
Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.

Not all body language is conscious.
并不是所有的身势语都是有意识的。


not all...＝all...not表示部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成全部否定。

[把下列句子变为完全否定句]
(1)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did.
I told them nobody could run as fast as you did.
(2)I didn’t read both of her books，so I can’t give you any suggestions.
I read neither of her books，so I can’t give you any suggestions.

(3)Not all print dictionaries are the same，as you will notice when you select one.(2015·湖南)
并非所有的印刷字典都是一样的，当你挑选的时候就会注意到这一点。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Ordinary soap，used correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018·北京)
2．I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
3．Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions(tradition)．(2018·全国Ⅲ)
4．No matter what you do，don’t be a bystander.Get involved(involve)．
5．Now，I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication(communicate) it opens.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety(various) of apples.
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
7．Famous foreign architects are invited(invite) to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
8．Last year，I spent all my time looking for a job where，without dealing(deal) with the public，I could work alone，but still have a team to talk to.(2016·北京)
9．You are not permitted to get around unless we make a deal.
10．The young actor’s performance(perform) was so interesting last night.


Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于身体语言)
1．并非所有人都能够意识到我们的姿势泄露了很多关于我们自己的信息。(部分否定)
2．我们的交流包括身体语言，它在不同的文化中各不相同。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．在和不同的人们打交道时，我们应该把重点放在重要的事情上。(what引导的宾语从句；while从句的省略)
4．倾听别人时，不要忘记偶尔轻微地点头来表明你是感兴趣的。(while从句的省略)
5．另外，盯着别人看太久是很粗鲁的。(it is＋adj.＋to do句型)
6．如果你懂得一些肢体语言的基本知识，你就不太可能冒犯别人。(条件状语从句；be likely to do)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Not everyone is conscious that our gestures give away much about ourselves. However,12.our communication involves body language,13.which varies from culture to culture.Therefore，we should focus on 14.what is important while dealing with various people.For example,15.while listening to others，don’t forget to 16.nod slightly once in a while to show you are interested.Besides,17.it is rude to stare at others for too long.18.If you know some basic knowledge of body language，19.you will be less likely to offend others.

Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：兴趣与爱好　难度星级：☆☆
It’s absolutely crazy to think that the same 1968 Ford Mustang GT driven in the movie Bullitt by Steve McQueen，would end up in the hands of a modest New Jersey housewife.But that’s exactly what happened.
After Bullitt wrapped，the hero car was sold to a studio manager in Los Angeles，who kept it briefly before selling it，coincidentally，to a police detective.The officer shipped the car to New York and kept it for about three and a half years before placing a for­sale ad in the back of Road & Track magazine in 1974.His was somewhat steep，but Robert Kiernan，a New Jersey insurance manager and Mustang fan，went out to look at it.He bought it for his wife to use as a daily driver.
The Kiernans had kept the car secret mainly to protect themselves from rumormongers(散布谣言者)．But that didn’t stop Steve McQueen from finding it in 1977.Kiernan’s son said，“Dad had owned the car for three years at that point.And he got a phone call from McQueen asking about the car，how it was，and if Dad had changed anything on it.And McQueen said，‘I would really like to buy it if there’s not too much involved with it.I’ll replace it with a similar car so long as it’s not a crazy amount of money.’ But Dad declined.”
McQueen didn’t receive an answer.“I think a week later，a letter to my dad arrived from McQueen.And it said，basically，‘I’d love to talk to you again about purchasing my car back.’ And Dad never reached out.And that was the end of that.”
This was a wise decision.The car is now valued at Which of the following is crazy according to the author?
A．The role that Mustang played in Bullitt.
B．The history that Mustang covered.
C．The fact that a housewife owned Mustang.
D．The process that many fans bought Mustang.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“It’s absolutely crazy to think that the same 1968 Ford Mustang GT driven in the movie Bullitt by Steve McQueen，would end up in the hands of a modest New Jersey housewife.”可知，这款Ford Mustang GT汽车最终落入一位家庭主妇的手中这是人们始料不及的，听起来很疯狂。故选C。
21．Who might be the owner of the Ford Mustang GT in 1972?
A．A studio manager.
B．A police detective.
C．An insurance manager.
D．A New Jersey driver.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的1968和第二段前两句可知，1972年，这辆汽车的车主是文中提及的警探。
22．What is the end of the car?
A．McQueen bought it.
B．Kiernan refused the offer.
C．It was put in a for­sale ad.
D．It was sold at a price.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And Dad never reached out.And that was the end of that.”可知，Kiernan拒绝了McQueen的购车请求。故选B。

话题：社会　难度星级：☆☆
(2018·河南中原名校质量考评五)
In a foreign country，a man visited a local restaurant.He didn’t speak their language.He ordered something indecipherable off the menu.When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles，he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle.Looking angry，the waiter then picked up the dish and threw it to his lap.What he did wrong，he wondered.Well，nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.
Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries，and they are often specific to a given culture.Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture，but is highly offensive in another.
The gesture “thumb­up” is commonly misinterpreted.In English，it is popularly known as “thumbs up”，despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand.English­speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”，which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture.The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably.
Avoid using this gesture in northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight.While American，British and Australian would use the thumb­up to signal hitch­hiking to the drivers，this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride.
There are no right or wrong signals，but only cultural differences.Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures.When we know what to look for，such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting，fascinating and fun.It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes.
语篇解读　本文主要讲了肢体语言在不同的文化背景下有不同的意义。如果不理解文化差异，很可能会造成误会。

23．What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong?
A．He misunderstood the waiter.
B．He didn’t realize cultural differences.
C．He ordered something off the menu.
D．He made the signal in a rude way.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Well，nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.”可知，在不同国家使用同样的手势所表达的意思可能是不一样的，这个人没有意识到文化差异，所以造成了误会。故选B。
24．What does the underlined word “complimentary” in the second paragraph mean?
A．Full of admiration.
B．Full of aggression.
C．Full of complexity.
D．Full of certainty.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“but is highly offensive in another”可知，画线词应与offensive意思相反。offensive的意思是“无礼的，令人讨厌的”，由此可猜测，complimentary的意思是“赞美的”。
25．What will happen if you make a thumb up toward a man in northern Greece?
A．He will stop to give you a lift.
B．He will get annoyed and fight against you.
C．He will ask you to give him a lift.
D．He will make the same signal toward you.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Avoid using this gesture in northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight.”可知，在希腊北部，如果你对一个人伸出大拇指，他会很生气，还可能会和你打架。
26．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the meanings of different gestures.
B．To tell stories about different cultures.
C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences.
D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony.
答案　C
解析　写作目的题。文章开头讲述了因不了解文化差异而引发不愉快的小故事，后面进而阐述了不同的国家对肢体语言有不同的理解，所以本文旨在建议我们要了解文化差异。

话题：健康　难度星级：☆☆☆
You’re drinking plastic，I’m drinking plastic，and we’re all drinking plastic.Bottled water drinkers may be drinking the most plastic of all.
A new study released by Orb Media evaluates that on average，a liter of bottled water from big brands like Dasani，Aquafina，and Nestlé，contains roughly 10.4 tiny plastic bits.The world drinks them in swiftly，consuming roughly a million plastic bottles a minute，as The Guardian evaluates.Dasani and Aquafina both said that their bottled water is tested on strict standards.Nestlé said the company hasn’t found microplastics in its water bottles beyond a “trace(微量) level”．Evian did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
In our modern，plastic­filling world，these little plastic bits—many thinner than a human hair—seem to be very common everywhere.We don’t know exactly what these plastic parts are doing to our bodies，but we’re drinking them in anyway.That’s an alarming possibility，because in the ocean，these little plastics are doing harmful things to fish.In some species，they’re even slowing down growth and reproduction.
While there isn’t clear evidence yet that the plastics in single­use water bottles can increase cancer risk，we know that bottles containing a chemical called Bisphenol A (BPA) do.The hard BPA plastics in certain reusable water bottles can lead to higher risks of breast cancer，and other diseases.And a few studies suggest the softer kinds of single­use water bottles can have similar chemicals inside.
The tiny plastic bits aren’t just in our bottles.They come out of our taps，too.The tiny plastics are also swimming in the seas and disturbing the way fish eat.In some countries，microplastics are even slipping into the salt markets.Even Dasani wrote in its statement：“It’s clear the world has a problem with plastic waste.”

27．What can we infer about Evian?
A．It is a social medium.
B．It produces a chemical.
C．It can be a plastic bottle.
D．It can be a water company.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。第二段主要介绍了Orb Media针对几家大品牌饮用水公司如Dasani，Aquafina，Nestlé生产的瓶装水所含塑料微粒的研究结果以及这些公司对此的回应。根据本段中的“Dasani and Aquafina both said...Evian did not immediately respond to a request for comment.”可知，Evian没有马上作出回应，据此可推断Evian应为一家饮用水公司。故选D。
28．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?
A．Describe basic facts about plastics.
B．Focus on the potential danger of plastics.
C．Discuss the living conditions of fish.
D．Come up with the part plastics are playing.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。第三段主要讲塑料微粒无处不在，我们喝的瓶装水中含有塑料微粒，这是一个应引起人们警觉的问题，因为塑料微粒正在侵害着海洋生物。综上可知，作者在第三段主要关注了塑料微粒的潜在危害。故选B。
29．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Here’s What Microplastics in Bottled Water Do
B．Bottled Water Does Harm to the Environment
C．The Importance of Recycling Water Bottles
D．Species Are Suffering from Microplastics
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。本文重在讲述瓶装水中的塑料微粒对人、生物及环境可能造成的危害。故选A。B项以偏概全；C项文不对题；D项范畴过大。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·山东菏泽七县一中期中)
I have been living in Toulouse for over four months now and I can safely say that my ability to talk to French people has improved in an unbelievable way.I was told before I came out to France by a man I respected that living abroad would be the making of me. 30 Here is my four­step guide to living in a foreign country：
1．Integrate(融合) with the culture and the people.It is very easy to go to work and just come straight home，but this will lead to periods of huge boredom and loneliness. 31 Until recently，I did not believe that a friend made on a year abroad is a friend for life，but now I do.
2． 32 I joined a church in Toulouse and as a result I now have a place to go to practice my faith.If you are a religious person this point could really help you.If you enjoy your exercise，joining a gym is also a good idea.
3．Speak the language.Even if you can’t speak the local language well，at least make efforts to try and improve. 33
4．Travel. 34 More importantly，it gives you memories that allow you to tell others of your experiences.
These are four things that allowed me to safely integrate into a totally foreign culture.Trust me，you don’t know how young and inexperienced you are until you live abroad for the first time.
A．Travelling around the country passes the time.
B．I can tell you that his words proved to be true.
C．Share with others some of the things you have.
D．Get into organizations that help you meet people.
E．Good luck to anyone who reads this and goes abroad.
F．The best thing to do is to go out and meet people everywhere.
G．This helps you become a more fluent speaker and more people will talk to you.

30．答案　B
解析　根据前文“I was told before I came out to France by a man I respected that living abroad would be the making of me.”可知选B。
31．答案　F
解析　根据前文“Integrate(融合) with the culture and the people.It is very easy to go to work and just come straight home，but this will lead to periods of huge boredom and loneliness.”可知选F。
32．答案　D
解析　根据后文“I joined a church in Toulouse”及“joining a gym is also a good idea”可知，此段是说加入一些组织，所以选D。
33．答案　G
解析　根据前文“Speak the language.Even if you can’t speak the local language well，at least make efforts to try and improve.”可知选G。
34．答案　A
解析　由小标题“Travel”可知该段与旅游有关。故选A。
Ⅴ.完形填空

Thinking of my good friends，I sense that my attitudes are totally different towards men and women.
My earliest childhood friend is Donald.In the street was a(n) 35 old German truck.No wheels.No doors.Each day， 36 we were flying over the Atlantic in that truck—our “airplane”，there came that wonderful moment：“Engine 37 ！” I’d shout，“We’ll have to jump out.” Glancing at me，he’d say，“I can’t 38 ！”“Fear not！I’ll drag you to the 39 .” And when we swam 40 the dust，Donald cried “Sharks！” But I always 41 him.The next day，changing 42 ，Donald would do the same to me.We saved each other hundreds of times，but when my family really did leave for America，we could do 43 .We just cried silently as the train 44 .
These days，Jessica is one of my best friends.Recently we were swimming at a beach in the Atlantic，the 45 one I had “flown” over in my German truck with Donald.We were far from shore when we both thought we 46 a shark！We began swimming 47 toward the shore.Although in 48 ，I fell back to protect her.In the end，the “shark” proved 49 ，but not my deep emotional feeling for my friend.We looked into each other’s eyes and said，“I love you！”
You see with women I could be 50 ，emotionally honest and transparent.With male friends，it seemed impossible to 51 caring feelings however deep the friendship was.Much to my 52 ，research shows that men and women have very different 53 and rational(理性的) processes.I do love all my friends—only the means of expression 54 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己与男性朋友以及与女性朋友在一起时的经历，说明自己对男性朋友和女性朋友的情感表达方式完全不同。尽管如此，作者同样深爱着他们。

35．A.advanced B．decorated
C．abandoned D．updated
答案　C
解析　根据下文“No wheels.No doors.”可知，这里指街上有一辆被遗弃的德国旧卡车。advanced先进的，高等的；decorated装饰过的；abandoned被遗弃的；updated最新的，现代化的。故选C。
36．A.before B．while
C．after D．until
答案　B
解析　根据语境可知，此处表示当“我们”每天幻想着开着那辆卡车——“我们”的“飞机”越过大西洋时，美妙的时刻来临。故选B。
37．A.loss B．death
C．pressure D．failure
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的“We’ll have to jump out.”可知，“飞机”发生故障了。loss亏损；death死亡；pressure压力；failure失败，故障，失效。故选D。
38．A.jump B．swim
C．die D．run
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“I’ll drag you to...when we swam the dust...”可知，“我”将拽着唐纳德，而这是因为唐纳德说他不会游泳。故选B。
39．A.dust B．river
C．truck D．shore
答案　D
解析　根据语境可知，此处是指“我把你拽到海岸边”。后文中多次出现的shore也暗示了此处的答案。故选D。
40．A.over B．through
C．across D．beyond
答案　B
解析　根据语境可知，“我们”把扬起的灰尘想象为水，并在水中游泳，故此处是指从物体内部穿过。over越过；through在……之中穿过(从内部穿过)；across横穿；beyond超过。故选B。
41．A.left B．fetched
C．rescued D．defeated
答案　C
解析　根据前面的“Donald cried ‘Sharks！’”以及下文中的“We saved each other hundreds of times”可知，当他哭喊“鲨鱼”时，“我”总是会救他。故选C。
42．A.roles B．manners
C．images D．forms
答案　A
解析　根据语境并结合后面“Donald would do the same to me”可知，此处是指“第二天，角色换了，唐纳德也对我做同样的事”。role角色；manner方式；image影像，肖像；form形式。故选A。
43．A.something B．nothing
C．anything D．everything
答案　B
解析　根据语境并结合下句“We just cried silently...”可知，此处是指“我们救了彼此几百次，但是当我和我的家人真的动身去美国时，我们什么事也做不了”。故选B。
44．A.broke down B．moved in
C．pulled away D．blew up
答案　C
解析　根据上文的“my family really did leave for America”可知，“我”和家人要动身去美国；由此可推知，此处指当火车离开时，“我们”只是默默地哭泣。break down发生故障；move in搬进；pull away(使)离开，(尤指车辆)开始移动；blow up爆炸。故选C。
45．A.very B．last
C．first D．only
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知，此处是指“最近我们在大西洋的一个海滩游泳，大西洋恰好就是我曾经跟唐纳德一起幻想乘坐德国卡车‘飞’过的地方”。very恰好的；last最后的；first第一的；only唯一的。故选A。
46．A.attacked B．spotted
C．annoyed D．killed
答案　B
解析　根据语境及下文的“In the end，the ‘shark’．..”可知，此处是指“当我们都认为我们看到了一条鲨鱼时，我们离海岸很远”。attack攻击；spot发现，看见；annoy惹恼；kill杀害。故选B。
47．A.eagerly B．casually
C．hardly D．crazily
答案　D
解析　根据常识可知，发现鲨鱼，自然是疯狂地朝海岸游去。故选D。
48．A.panic B．hesitation
C．doubt D．silence
答案　A
解析　根据上文“We began swimming toward the shore.”和生活常识可知，遇到鲨鱼应该会很恐慌。故此处是指“尽管恐慌，我还是在后面保护她”。故选A。
49．A.fierce B．friendly
C．imaginary D．true
答案　C
解析　根据上下文，尤其是被标了引号的“shark”可知，这条“鲨鱼”并不是真实存在的，而是想象出来的。故选C。
50．A.cool B．shy
C．passive D．open
答案　D
解析　根据上文“We looked into each other’s eyes and said，‘I love you！’”以及本句中的“emotionally honest and transparent”可知，当面对女性朋友时，“我”是坦率的。cool凉爽的；shy害羞的；passive被动的，消极的；open坦率的。故选D。
51．A.express B．hide
C．admit D．control
答案　A
解析　根据上文可知，对待女性朋友，作者可以很坦率地表达出自己真实的情感，而此处是对男性朋友的情感态度。由首段可知，作者对男女朋友情感表达的方式截然不同。故此处指“当面对男性朋友时，不管我们的友谊有多深，彼此表达关爱似乎是不可能的”。故选A。
52．A.embarrassment B．disappointment
C．relief D．surprise
答案　C
解析　根据语境可知，此处是指“令我安慰的是，研究显示男性和女性有着非常不同的情感和理性的处理方式”。embarrassment尴尬；disappointment失望；relief安慰；surprise惊讶。故选C。
53．A.emotional B．physical
C．mental D．moral
答案　A
解析　根据文中作者的叙述可知，研究的结果和他以往的经历吻合——男性和女性有不同的情感和理性的处理方式。emotional感性的，情感的；physical身体的；mental精神的；moral道德的。故选A。
54．A.changes B．develops
C．matters D．differs
答案　D
解析　根据上文“We looked into each other’s eyes and said，‘I love you！’”以及“...it seemed impossible to caring feelings however deep the friendship was.”可知，“我”的确爱“我”的朋友们——只是表达方法不同而已。此处与文章首句“...different towards men and women.”形成呼应。change改变；develop发展；matter要紧；differ不同。故选D。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·广东一模)
I first met Dean when we were both 15.It was half way into the summer term when he showed up at school.No one knew 55. he was，or where he came from.There was no 56. (announce)．He just walked into the classroom one day，all alone，and seated 57. (he) at a desk.
I pretended not to notice him，and so did everyone else.He was a new kid and you don’t talk to new kids，do you？Instead，you just carry on doing what you’re doing.It was the first class after the morning break，and we were all hanging around 58. (excited)，waiting for the art teacher 59. (arrive)．
The classroom was 60. (noise)．Most of us were sitting around talking，trying to look cool.But at 61. same time，we flicked sly glances at him and checked him out.He didn’t seem to care，and just sat there，cool as you like，sucking the end of a pencil and 62. (look) around the room.
Even then，before we 63. (speak) a word to each other，I knew there was something special about Dean.I didn’t know what it was，and I wasn’t sure if I liked it 64. not，but I knew it was something I couldn’t resist.

55．答案　who
解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语，表示“谁”，故填who。
56．答案　announcement
解析　考查词性转换。此句为there be结构，句中缺主语且系动词为was，故填announcement。
57．答案　himself
解析　考查代词。seat oneself就座，故填himself。
58．答案　excitedly
解析　考查词性转换。修饰动词短语应用副词，作状语。故填excitedly。
59．答案　to arrive
解析　考查非谓语动词。wait for sb.to do sth.意为“等待某人做某事”，是固定用法。
60．答案　noisy
解析　考查词性转换。此处作表语，表示主语的性质，故填形容词noisy。
61．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。at the same time与此同时，是固定短语。
62．答案　looking
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处与前面的sucking是并列关系，故填动词的­ing形式作伴随状语。
63．答案　spoke
解析　考查动词的时态。文章整体讲述过去的事情，且根据knew可知此处该动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。
64．答案　or
解析　考查连词。like it or not喜欢与否。
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is generally believed that scientific research should improve our quality of life.Meanwhile，there is almost universal agreement that the government should provide financial and political support for any research that is likely to result in immediate and significant benefits for the majority of people.However，when it comes to whether the government should support scientific research with no practical use，people’s ideas vary.I agree with the statement that the government should distribute enough funds to any scientific research that aims to improve the well­being of people，even if it is of no practical use in the short run.
Scientific research whose social benefits are immediate，predictable，and far­reaching should continue to be a high priority(优先事项)．For example，biotechnology research has been proven to help cure and prevent diseases；advances in medical technology make it possible to offer safer treatments；information technology enables education to be more accessible；and communication technology promotes global peace by improving mutual understanding among people and their participation in the democratic(民主的) process.
However，this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given a lower priority.It is difficult to predict what research will finally lead to the greatest contributions to society.Unwillingness to finance less practical scientific research could have a harmful effect on the efforts to explore new knowledge.This is particularly true of the computer science.For example，before the first computer was invented，public opinions went against it，as most people saw nothing practical in computer research.However，computers transformed the way human society developed and proved to be of great use in the long run，especially in terms of scientific development in fields such as the military，medicine，aviation，and education.
Therefore，never should we think that scientific research whose benefits are unknown is not worth undertaking since the purpose of any research should be to discover the truth，whatever it might be.
参考范文
There exists disagreement about whether the government should support scientific research without immediate benefits.It is essential to fund it for its potential contribution.It’s universally accepted that scientific research with instant and significant social benefits should be given privileges.But it doesn’t mean less attention to research having no immediate or obvious social benefits，for it may eventually make unexpected contributions.In short，all scientific research deserves equal attention and support considering its aim of exposing the truth.