2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习人教全国版讲义：必修1Unit4Earthquakes

Unit 4 Earthquakes


一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.earthquake n．　　　　　　地震
2.crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声
vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂
3.smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的
4.farmyard n. 农场；农家
5.dam n. 水坝；堰堤
6.canal n. 运河；水道
7.steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
8.dirt n. 污垢；泥土
9.extreme adj. 极度的
10.survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物
11.track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
12.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
13.reporter n. 记者
14.outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
15.headline n. 报刊的大字标题
16.cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.burst vi.　　　　　　爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2.event n. 事件；大事
3.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
4.suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
5.destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
6.useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的
7.rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
8.trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9.electricity n. 电；电流；电学
10.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
11.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
12.title n. 标题；头衔；资格
13.damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
14.judge n. 裁判员；法官
vt. 断定；判断；判决
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍
2.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
3.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
4.express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
5.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6.congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
7.sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的
[语境活用]
1.After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
2.Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, but fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
3.The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
4.He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked look on his face.(shock)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.right_away　 　　立刻；马上
2.think_little/nothing_of 以为……没什么
3.at_an_end 结束；终结
4.in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5.dig_out 掘出；发现
6.a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
7.be_proud_of 以……而自豪
8.judging_from 从……判断
9.be_trapped_in 陷入；被困在
10.be_buried_in 埋头于
1.Having consulted a_(great)_number_of books about the subject in the library, he went into the room, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.
2.Judging_from his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time.
3.As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry.
4.My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
5.I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
6.When I came in, he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.
7.The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she thinks_little_of him.
8.The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins merely in several seconds.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
as if 后常接表语从句或方式状语从句。
快点！看起来好像要下雨了。
Hurry up！It looks as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.
2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
leave＋宾语＋宾补“使……处于某状态”。
我们不能让这样一件重要的事情半途而废。
We can't leave_such_an_important_matter_unfinished.
3.All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all ...not＝not all ...表示部分否定。
“有志者事竟成”这句谚语提醒我，通往成功的道路并不总是一帆风顺。
The proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.” reminded me that the path to success was not_always_smooth.
4.The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。
be doing ...when ...正在做……这时(突然)……
今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。
This morning I was_walking_on_the_street_when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.

二、课堂重点深化

1．burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发
　[自主体验]
比较填空(in/into)
①He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
补全句子
③He felt he would burst_with_anger when he heard the bad news.
当他听到这个坏消息时，他感到要气炸了。
　[系统归纳]
(1)burst in/into　　　　　　　 闯入；突然破门而入
突然哭起来/笑起来
　burst with anger 勃然大怒
[名师指津]　短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④It's impolite for you to burst in my office without knocking.in→into
佳句时时写
⑤听到这，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。
Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.
2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁灭；成为废墟
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
一句多译
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
③ He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(分词作状语)
　[系统归纳]
(1)lie/be in ruins　　　　 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Professor Zhang told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruin of the Loulan Kingdom.ruin→ruins
佳句时时写
⑥无论一个牌子多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。
No matter how famous a brand is, it can_be_in_ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.
3．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；隐藏
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left.
②Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
句式升级
He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.
③He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading.(过去分词短语作状语)
④He sat at a wooden table, burying_himself_in_reading.(现去分词短语作状语)
　[系统归纳]
　　　　　　　 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤In the earth was burying a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.burying→buried
佳句时时写
⑥由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。
Burying_himself_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.

表示“专心于；致力于”的短语除了be buried in外，还有下列短语：
①be absorbed/engaged in　　　 ②be devoted to
③be lost in ④focus on
⑤concentrate on　　 ⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on

4．judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes，“You can't judge a book by its cover.”
②It's too early to make a judgment (judge) about what the outcome will be.
　[系统归纳]
(1)judge ...from/by ...　 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……来看/判断
(3)judgment n. 意见；看法；评价
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Judged by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.Judged→Judging
佳句时时写
④(2017·江苏高考书面表达)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。
As_far_as_I_can_judge,_the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
[名师指津]　judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。

1．at an end结束；终结
　[自主体验]
句型转换
The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.
①The_meeting_came_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(come)
②We_brought_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(bring)
③We_put_an_end_to_the_meeting/put_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(put)
　[系统归纳]
(1)at the end of　　　　　　 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时
态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
使……结束
　come to an end 完成；结束
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④You should add your name in the end of the report.in→at
佳句时时写
⑤The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.Finally they will become active learners rather than passive ones.(升级句中加蓝词汇)In_the_end
2．a (great) number of许多；大量的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①In the past ten years a number of high buildings have_arisen (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.
②Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.
③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.
　[系统归纳]
＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语
(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
＋不可数名词
＋
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(a number of/the number of)
④In China, the_number_of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.
⑤As China develops fast and steady, a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.
佳句时时写
⑥我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置一批新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。
I've heard that our school library is planning to buy a number of new books.So I am writing to recommend some books.
[名师指津]　“large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。
3．as if引导表语从句或状语从句
　[教材原句]　It seemed as_if the world was at an end!
　[自主体验]
①He waved his hands, as if words failed (fail) to express his admiration.
②The woman loves the children as if she were (be) their mother.
③Tom raised his right hand as if to_say (say) something.
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
as if (＝as though)“似乎；好像”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
注意事项
as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory.
②(增分要点句)It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.
4．部分否定
　[教材原句]　All hope was not lost.
　[自主体验]
①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren't fit for the jobs.
→It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for the jobs.
②Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
[谚]世上无难事，只怕有心人。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
all ...not ...＝not all ...表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
注意事项
在英语中常可见到一些形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子。如：You can never do the work too well.

　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.
②(增分要点句)(2018·浙江高考写作)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“自然灾害”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——自然灾害

(一)浅易词汇温一温
①earthquake　　②disaster　　　③death　　　 ④injured
⑤flood ⑥frightened ⑦damage ⑧shelter
⑨danger ⑩changeable ⑪climate ⑫forecast
⑬dangerous ⑭natural ⑮panic ⑯occur
⑰terrible ⑱harmless ⑲homeless ⑳hunger

(二)生疏词汇记一记
①hurricane n．飓风　　 　 　 ②sandstorm n．　沙尘暴
③typhoon n. 台风 ④volcano n. 火山
⑤erupt v. (火山)爆发；喷发 ⑥tropical adj. 热带的
⑦tsunami n. 海啸 ⑧landslide n. 山体滑坡
⑨terrify vt. 使人恐惧 ⑩victim n. 受害者
⑪catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸 ⑫radioactive adj. 放射性的
⑬panic v. 惊慌；恐慌 ⑭muddy adj. 泥泞的
⑮lava n. 熔岩；岩浆 ⑯melt vi. 融化
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①natural disasters　　　　　　　　　 自然灾害
②be willing to 愿意
③in need of 需要
④try one's best 尽力
⑤in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
⑥raise one's environmental awareness 提高环保意识
⑦keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡
⑧take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
⑨prevent ...from ... 阻止……
⑩call on/appeal to sb.to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事
(四)写作佳句背一背
①With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasingly worse.
②We will hold a meeting to discuss the money­raising event in behalf of the tsunami victims.
③We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now.
④It is well­known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
　
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你美国的朋友汤姆所在的城市发生了地震。请你给汤姆写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．询问汤姆及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震造成的后果：6人死亡，500多人受伤，29人失踪，200多栋房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　
[写作4步走]

第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
earthquake, be concerned about, disaster, death, injured, fall down, be like, family members, in need of, try one's best
1．我得知你所在的城市发生了可怕的地震。
I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.
2．我非常挂念你和你的家人。
I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.
3．这场灾难造成6人死亡，500多人受伤。
The_disaster_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_persons_injured.
4．29人失踪，200多栋房屋倒塌。
29_persons_were_missing_and_over_200_houses_fell_down.
5．请告诉我你现在的生活是什么样的。
Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.
6．我希望你的家人都没有受伤。
I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.
7．如果你需要任何帮助，请告诉我。
If_you_are_in_need_of_any_help,_please_let_me_know.
8．我会尽我所能帮助你。
I_will_try_my_best_to_help_you.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
9．在句1加时间状语从句“当我看电视新闻时”。
When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.
10．把句3改为定语从句，加主句“我听到这灾难感到很难过”。
I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_which_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_persons_injured.
11．句8加介词短语“作为你最好的朋友”。
As_your_best_friend,_I_will_try_my_best_to_help_you.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用省略句形式改写句9。
When_watching_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.
2．用“do what one can”改写句11。
As_your_best_friend,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
邮件的开头可以用“How are you doing？”表达问候，用what's more作好文章的衔接过渡，邮件的末段可以用“Please don't be worried.Everything will be fine.”表达安慰。
Dear_Tom，
How_are_you_doing?_When_watching_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.
I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_which_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_persons_injured.What's_more,_29_persons_were_missing_and_over_200_houses_fell_down.Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.
Please_don't_be_worried.Everything_will_be_fine.If_you_are_in_need_of_any_help,_please_let_me_know.As_your_best_friend,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was_shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
2．(2017·浙江高考)The man­on­the­street interview is an interview in which a reporter (report) hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.
4．(2015·江苏高考)One of the most important factors was the amount of suffering (suffer) they experienced in their volunteer positions.
5．(2012·辽宁高考)Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national (nation) heroes.
6．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty (dirt) water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
7．(2012·广东高考)“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression (express)．
8．(2010·江苏高考)When wolves eat other animals, they usually kill the very young, or the sick and injured (injure)．
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用rescue, judge, shock, express, right away填空)
1．(2018·北京高考完形填空)He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car — which was itself worth ￡35,000 — in Glasgow city centre, they were __23__ to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr Smith did and that the wallet was safe.shocked
2．(2018·浙江高考完形填空)I remember back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __39__.right_away
3．(2015·福建高考完形填空)It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __47__ everything so harshly (刻薄)．She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.judge
4．(2014·江苏高考完形填空)Out of this early struggle to overcome his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to __54__ an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence.And, with it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do — and so could others.express
5．(2012·陕西高考完形填空)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you __44__ me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times.Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of relief.That night Laddy had a hero's supper: a huge meal of steak.rescued
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：俗话说天灾无情，很多时候我们不得不面对一些不可避免的自然灾害。2018年10月10日，习近平总书记在中央财经委员会第三次会议上强调，提高自然灾害防治能力时一定要做到“六个坚持”：要坚持党的领导；坚持以人为本；坚持生态优先；坚持预防为主；坚持改革创新；坚持国际合作。面临灾害时，英雄人物勇敢无畏的奉献精神能激发大众的积极情绪，增强人们战胜灾害的信念，这对救援工作和灾后重建有着积极的作用。高考以此为素材进行命题，积极弘扬正能量。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] Natural disasters have hit Asia hard in recent years, taking hundreds of thousands of lives.But while these tragedies have destroyed homes and lives, they have also created heroes.
[2] The hero: Muelmar Magallanes
The story: As the heavy rain was destroying homes and villagers in Manila, the 18­year­old worker jumped into action.Muelmar swam through the floods (洪水) and pulled 30 of his neighbors to safety.After pushing a mother and baby to shore on a small boat, the tired hero was lost in the water, and his body was discovered the next day.“He gave his life for my baby，” said Menchie Penalosa, the child's mother.“I will never forget him.”
[3] The hero: Tilly Smith
The story: You never know when those lessons learned in geography class will be put to good use.For Smith, just 10 years old at the time, being able to recognize the warning signs of a tsunami, saved about 100 lives at a holiday center in Thailand.The English schoolgirl was walking on a beach in Phuket when she noticed the water was coming in, but it wasn't going out again.A tsunami, she realized, was just minutes away.Her father told everyone to leave the beach.That beach was one of the few in Phuket where no one was killed or seriously injured.
[4] The heroes: Aisah, Neneh, Azmi, Nuraida and Sulastri
The story: For these five women from the village of Lampaseh, the tsunami took everything.That day, Aisah lost her 17­day­old granddaughter, Neneh lost seven of her nine children, Azmi lost her parents, Nuraida lost three of her sisters and brothers, and Sulastri lost her husband, daughter and youngest son.All lost their homes.Everything was gone except for their strong belief.Soon after the tsunami, the five women went back to clean up the village.These women lost nearly everything, except their determination to rebuild their lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了几个英雄的伟大事迹。
1．What happened to Muelmar?
A．He lost his family in a flood.
B．He was found dead on a boat.
C．He took part in a swimming race.
D．He saved others at the cost of his own life.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文中描写的第一个英雄Muelmar Magallanes的事迹：pulled 30 of his neighbors to safety ...the tired hero was lost in the water, and his body was discovered the next day以及被救孩子的母亲说的话“He gave his life for my baby”可知，Muelmar为了营救他人牺牲了自己的生命。
2．On the day of the tsunami in Thailand, Smith ________.
A．was having a geography class
B．got seriously injured
C．was at the seaside
D．lost her father
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二个英雄Tilly Smith的介绍“The English schoolgirl was walking on a beach in Phuket when she noticed the water was coming in ...”可知，她正在海边。
3．The five women from the village of Lampaseh can best be described as ________.
A．clever　　　　　　　　　 B．honest
C．strong­minded D．kind­hearted
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中描写Lampaseh村庄的五名女子海啸过后重建村庄的决心可知。
4．What's the best title for the text?
A．Meet the heroes created by disasters
B．Create a better world together
C．The worst disasters in Asia
D．Brave acts of the good
解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段中的“they have also created heroes”以及接下来叙述的三组英雄的英勇事迹可知，A项作标题贴切。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(1)——利用关键词推断
第一步：阅读题干，找到题干中的关键词(如第3题中five women)
第二步：根据题干中的关键词在原文中寻找与其有逻辑关系的部分(定位于最后一段)
第三步：合理判断