2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习人教全国版讲义：必修1Unit1Friendship


Unit 1 Friendship



一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.survey n．　 调查；测验　
2.loose adj.　 松的；松开的
3.dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
4.thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣
5.curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布
6.loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞
7.highway n. 公路；大路
8.suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
9.overcoat n. 大衣；外套
10.swap vt. 交换
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.upset adj.　　心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦；打翻
2.ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
3.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定
adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
4.series n．　　　　　　连续；系列
5.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
6.partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
7.settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
8.pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
n. 小包；包裹
9.teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
10.grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
11.dislike n．& vt. 不喜欢；厌恶
12.tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt. 倾斜；翻倒
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；协议
2.exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准确的；精确的
3.power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
4.concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
5.suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难；(pl.)痛苦
6.entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
7.recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复
8.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘
[语境活用]
1.A few people agreed while most people disagreed,_so no agreement was made.(agree)
2.The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What's worse, he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
3.After he came into power,_he didn't feel he was powerful.He even felt he was powerless when he couldn't protect his wife.(power)
4.The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
5.Our parents are more concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.add_up　　　　 　　　合计
2.calm_(...)_down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3.be_concerned_about 关心；挂念
4.go_through 经历；经受；仔细检查
5.set_down 记下；放下；登记
6.a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套
7.on_purpose 故意
8.at_dusk 在黄昏时刻
9.face_to_face 面对面地
10.no_longer/not__...any_longer 不再……
11.get/be_tired_of 对……厌烦
12.pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包
13.get_along_with 与……相处；进展
14.fall_in_love 相爱；爱上
15.join_in 参加；加入
1.Having got_tired_of staying indoors for days, we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.
2.Since we all live under one roof, we should learn how to get_along_with one another.
3.After going through a lot of things in my life, I decide to set_down my feelings on paper.
4.She sometimes does things on_purpose just to annoy me.
5.During the interview, the reporter asked me a_series_of questions.
6.I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell_in_love with it.
7.The police went_through the whole building but didn't find anything valuable.
8.If you add_up all the numbers, you'll find you have made more progress.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本

教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆汽车撞了。
状语从句的省略。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)我坐在一张桌子旁，在泡茶的过程中解释了每一步。
I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process while_making_tea.
2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty­five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”。
那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就离开了。
The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before_I_could_ask_for_their_names.
3.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
“it's ...that ...”为强调句型。
(2018·北京高考书面表达) 为国际学生设计的语言和文化课程使这所大学出名。
It_is_the_language_and_culture_courses_intended_for_international_students_that make the university famous.
4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.
这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It/This/That is/was the first time that sb.has (have)/had done sth.
(2017·天津高考书面表达)这是我第一次成为志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。
This is the first time that_I_have_been_a_volunteer,_so I am now receiving all the training involved.

二、课堂重点深化

1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①What were you upset about/over or regretting in real life at that time?
句式升级
I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor, which upsets me.
②It_upsets_me_that_I_don't_know_enough_words_and_my_grammar_is_also_poor. (it作形式主语)
③What_upsets_me_is_that_I_don't_know_enough_words_and_my_grammar_is_also_poor.(what引导主语从句)
　[系统归纳]
(1)be upset about/over sth.　　　　 为某事烦心/难过
(2)What upsets sb.is ... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth./that ... 让某人心烦的是……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Upset people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.Upset→Upsetting
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)人们有时会对他们是否应该投票给那些更优秀的人或者他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。
People sometimes feel_very_upset_at whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.
[名师指津]　(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
2．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
②Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools concerned (concern)．
③He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company.
　[系统归纳]
(1)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 有关的；担心的；关注的；忧虑的
be concerned about/for　　　　 担心……；关心……
be concerned that ... 关心……；忧虑……
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Some people in Guangzhou are concerned about parking costs will rise further and even make them unable to afford a car.about→that
佳句时时写
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长它。
As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_the more you practise paper­cutting, the better at it you will become.
3．power n．能力；力量；权力
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
②It has been five years since he came to power.
　[系统归纳]
(1)in power　　　　　　　　　　 当权
come to power 掌权；上台
do everything in one's power to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③As you can see, beliefs are very power because they determine what experiences you will have in life.power→powerful
佳句时时写
④(2017·天津高考书面表达)我将竭尽全力为即将到来的期末考试做准备。
I'll do_everything_in_my_power_to_prepare_for the coming final exam.
4．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①This means 100 million migrant workers will settle in cities in the western regions during the 13th Five­Year Plan.
②The trial period was over, and I could settle down to building (build) a closer contact with the apes.
　[系统归纳]
(1)settle in/settle into sth. 　 　 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle in ... 在……居住；迁入
settle down 定居；平静下来
settle down to (doing) sth. 着手认真做某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
[名师指津]　短语settle in/into(适应)中，in为副词，不接宾语；into为介词，接宾语。
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③It took her a while to settle in her new job.in→into
佳句时时写
④During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.(将句中加蓝词汇升级)settle
5．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We must avoid suffering from the same problem: years of focus on economic growth at all costs.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings (suffer) during the war.
　[系统归纳]
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 遭受；患病
(2)suffering n. (pl.)痛苦；折磨；苦难
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(suffer/suffer from)
③Among obese children, about 30 percent also suffer_from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
④There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage.
佳句时时写
⑤更糟糕的是，随着自然环境的破坏，市民将遭受疾病的传播之苦。
What's worse, with natural environment damaged, citizens would_suffer_from_the spread_of_diseases.
6．recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得
　[自主体验]
一句多译
尽管他在车祸中严重受伤，但他最终康复了。
①Even though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally recovered_from it.(recover)
②Even though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally made_a_recovery_from it.(recovery)
　[系统归纳]
(1)recover from　　　　　　 从……中恢复
recover oneself 镇定下来
(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；痊愈
make a recovery from 从……中恢复
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(recover/recover from)
③Because of the serious accident, it took him more than two years to recover_from his injury.
④She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
佳句时时写
⑤如果你愿意，我想在8月份康复后和你一起去那里。
If you please, I'd like to go there together with you in August when_I_have_recovered.

1．add up合计；把……加起来
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Please add all the figures up,_and you will get the total.
②As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.
③Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.
　[系统归纳]
add sth.to sth.　　　 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义)
add that ... 补充说……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④The whole education that he received added up no more than one year.up后加to
佳句时时写
⑤(2015·湖南高考写作)我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样。他还补充说每个人应向我学习。
My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates.He also added_that_everyone should_learn_from_me.
2．go through经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；(法案等)通过
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中go through的含义
①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.经历
②Our plan on how to spend our summer holidays didn't go through.通过
③I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
④He went through his pockets looking for the keys.仔细检查
　[系统归纳]
put through　　　　 　给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成
get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解
look through 仔细检查；浏览
live through 度过；经受住
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(go through/get through)
⑤As you go_through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
⑥Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get_through.
佳句时时写
⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我知道你日程安排得很紧，但如果你能花一些时间检查并做出必要的修改，我会非常感激。
I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to_go_through_them and make necessary changes.
3．get along/on with与……相处；进展
　[系统归纳]
(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb. 与某人相处得好
get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.
某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事
get over 克服
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
①Secondly, being polite and friendly, I am easy to get along and enjoy working together with others.along后加with
②It's time that I got down to think about my future.think→thinking
佳句时时写
③(2017·天津高考书面表达)我很高兴地告诉你，我和我所有的老师和同学相处得很好。我在学习上取得了很大的进步，尤其是在英语方面。
I'm pleased to tell you I'm_getting_along_well_with_all_my_teachers_and_classmates.And I have made great progress in my study, especially in my English.
4．状语从句的省略
　[教材原句]　While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
　[自主体验]
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening (listen) patiently.
②If accepted (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
③Unless_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)状语从句的省略条件：
①when, while, though, even if, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词
(2)状语从句的省略形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词
注意事项
状语从句的省略结构可以放在句首、句中或者句尾。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If necessary, we will learn from 8：00 am to 10：00 am.
②(增分要点句)(2016·北京高考书面表达)While writing the book, Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.
5．before引导时间状语从句
　[教材原句]　She and her family hid away for nearly twenty­five months before_they_were_discovered.
　[自主体验]
①John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
②I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before Brian gets back.对不起，让你等了这么长时间，但是，布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。
③It_was_nearly_a_day_before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
含before 的常用句式有：
(1)It won't be long before ...用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It wasn't long before ...没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)
(3)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)
(4)It was＋一段时间＋before ...过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
注意事项
before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
①还没来得及……就……　　②……之后才……
③在……之前 ④(不久)就……
⑤以免…… ⑥趁着……(还没有)
　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2016·天津高考书面表达)How time flies! Two weeks has gone by before we know it.
②(增分要点句)The number of the finless porpoises (长江江豚) is less than 1,000, so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them before it's too late.


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“人际关系”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——人际关系
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①smile　　 　 ②classmate 　 ③confidence　 ④common
⑤comfort ⑥adventure ⑦force ⑧relative
⑨partner ⑩fellow ⑪stranger ⑫headteacher
⑬neighbor ⑭conflict ⑮respect ⑯share
⑰roommate ⑱elder ⑲senior ⑳teenager
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①ideal adj. 　 　 理想的 　 ②characteristic n．特征
③companion n. 同伴；朋友 ④harmony n. 和睦；和谐
⑤considerate adj. 体贴的 ⑥appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激
⑦associate vt. 联想；联系 ⑧accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴
⑨cooperate vi. 合作 ⑩forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
⑪grateful adj. 感激的 ⑫sincere adj. 真诚的
⑬modest adj. 谦虚的 ⑭reliable adj. 可信赖的
⑮patient adj. 有耐心的 ⑯quarrel n．& vi. 争吵；吵架
⑰acquaintance n. 熟人；相识 ⑱tolerance n. 忍受
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①get out of the situation 避免这种情况
②believe in 信任
③be friendly to 对……友好
④thanks to 幸亏；由于
⑤be faced with 面对
⑥take over 接管
⑦make friends 交朋友
⑧make up 和解
⑨communicate with 与……交流
⑩be ready to help others 乐于助人
⑪be concerned for/about 担心……；关心……
⑫share ...with ... 与……分享……
⑬depend/rely on 依靠；信赖
⑭have ...in common 有共同之处
⑮fit in with 与……相适应/相融洽
⑯be in harmony with ... 与……和谐相处/协调
⑰be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好

(四)写作佳句背一背
①It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
②As long as we obey the rules mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with our friends.
③To build up real friendship, we should make friends with those who we can trust.
二、话题书面表达亮一点

假定你是李华，下面是你的笔友Shirley写给你的电子邮件，请结合你自己的实际情况给她回复，并给出合理化的建议。
Dear Li Hua，
I spend most of my time studying and hardly talk to any of my classmates.Sometimes I don't care much about others, but I do want to talk.I just don't know what to talk about and how to begin a conversation.
I feel so lonely.How I wish I had a good friend! Could you give me some advice?
Yours，
Shirley
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句

get out of the situation, believe in, smile, classmate, be friendly to, be ready to do, confidence, make friends, common, middle school students, follow the following advice　　
1．这个问题在中学生当中是常见的。
The_problem_is_common_among_middle_school_students.
2．如果你能遵循下列建议，你就可以避免这种情况。
If_you_follow_the_following_advice,_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.
3．首先，相信你自己。
First_of_all,_believe_in_yourself.
4．你缺乏自信心。
You_lack_self­confidence.
5．第一件事就是对你的同学微笑。
The_first_thing_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates.
6．你的微笑表明你对他们很友好。
Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them.
7．试着与同学交谈。
Try_talking_with_your_classmates.
8．你应该乐于帮助同学。
You_should_be_ready_to_help_your_classmates.
9．自信会帮助你广交朋友。
Confidence_will_help_you_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在句1增加定语从句“你提到的”修饰problem。
The_problem_you_mentioned_is_common_among_middle_school_students.
11．在句2增加定语从句“我给你的”修饰advice。
If_you_follow_the_following_advice_I_give_you,_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.
12．把句4变为表语从句，增加句子主语“你最大的问题”。
Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_self­confidence.
13．在句5增加定语从句“你必须做的”修饰thing。
The_first_thing_you_must_do_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates.
14．在句7增加定语从句“和你一样腼腆的或与你有同样兴趣的”修饰classmates。
Try_talking_with_your_classmates_who_are_as_shy_as_you_or_who_share_the_same_interest_as_you.
15．在句8增加条件状语从句“如果有人在生活或学习中遇到困难”。
If_anyone_is_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_him_or_her.
16．在句9增加once引导的时间状语从句“一旦你重新获得了自信”。
Once_you_have_regained_your_confidence,_you_can_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．把句11改为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。
Follow_the_following_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.
2．用并列连词so连接上面句12和句13。
Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_self­confidence,_so_the_first_thing_you_must_do_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
邮件的开头用“Glad to receive your e­mail.”引入话题，用next， last but not least等词汇连句成文，最后用“I hope you will find these ideas useful.”结尾以表达期望。
Dear_Shirley，
Glad_to_receive_your_e­mail.The_problem_you_mentioned_is_common_among_middle_school_students.Follow_the_following_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.
First_of_all,_believe_in_yourself.Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_self­confidence,_so_the_first_thing_you_must_do_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates.Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them.Next_try_talking_with_your_classmates_who_are_as_shy_as_you_or_who_share_the_same_interest_as_you.Last_but_not_least,_if_anyone_is_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_him_or_her.Once_you_have_regained_your_confidence,_you_can_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
I_hope_you_will_find_these_ideas_useful.
Yours，
Li_Hua

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
2．(2018·江苏高考)It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned (concern) about ‘bad’ tables”， given that they're profitable.
3．(2017·浙江高考)Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers (teenager), some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.
4．(2017·浙江高考)She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.
5．(2015·安徽高考)Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing (discuss) things like traffic or weather.
6．(2015·陕西高考)The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting where schools expect them to act as partners (partner) in their children's education.
7．(2015·安徽高考)Even though family members sometimes disagreed (agree) with each other, they worked together to make the business successful.
8．(2015·浙江高考)These are exactly (exact) the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用upset, gratefully, on purpose填空)
1．(2017·北京高考完形填空)She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very __37__.She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.Hannah started to think about how she could help.upset
2．(2016·江苏高考完形填空)“You know，” Kurt said simply，“growth is not an automatic process.”
And that's when it hit me.I wasn't doing anything __46__ to make myself better.And at that moment, I made the decision: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.on_purpose
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.
Rushing out __55__ I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what's your name？” “I'm Rani，” she said.gratefully
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：在日常生活中，家庭、朋友与周围的人和我们的关系最为密切，他们的喜怒哀乐以及发生在他们身上的故事最为我们所熟悉。倡导爱家庭、爱亲人、爱朋友、爱周围的人，既体现了新课标高考的理念，也是高考试题中经常涉及的话题。因此，生活中我们应处理好人际关系，与朋友和谐相处，平时也应多关注与友谊相关的素材。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]When I was a little girl, I spent memorable school holidays with my grandmother, Mama Kali.My Mama Kali was a __1__.Early in the morning, she set out for the farm.I would skip __2__ alongside trying to keep up.On our way, along the dusty footpaths that wound through the village, Mama Kali would __3__ everyone we passed.
[2]There were the __4__ greetings.“Did you wake up on the right foot this morning? Did you sleep well？” Then, the more personalized greetings.“Have you recovered from your cold? How are you getting along with your daughter­in­law？” If she passed the __5__ person upon our return later, she would greet him/her again.
[3]The people that Mama Kali greeted would __6__ similarly.“I see you have your granddaughter with you today.How is her father？” As a __7__ girl, I found these greeting habits humorously poetic and __8__ time­consuming.What I now realize is that the greetings strengthened the __9__ that bound the people in my grandmother's village.They reinforced (加强) a sense of __10__.
[4]I believe in the gift of a __11__ greeting.I believe it is more than mere good __12__.It is like pressing the __13__ button among the white noise of our daily lives, as we __14__ from home to work, from one meeting to another, to __15__ and drop off the children.It is stopping to __16__ the person in front of you as if to __17__ say, “I see you.”
[5]My Mama Kali __18__ me that there is always time to greet someone before getting down to __19__.I believe you can always take a few extra seconds to tailor a greeting to a person.I believe we enrich our society when we acknowledge the unique __20__ of one another.
语篇解读：与祖母一起度过的假期给作者留下了深刻的印象。无论何时，祖母遇到别人时，都会热情地打招呼，看似平常的招呼却给人们带来了温暖。
1．A.farmer　　　　　　　　　 B．cook
C．teacher D．doctor
解析：选A　根据下文中的“she set out for the farm”可知，祖母是一位农民，因此选择farmer。
2．A.aimlessly B．randomly
C．carelessly D．breathlessly
解析：选D　根据句中的“trying to keep up”可知，作者跟不上祖母的步伐，因此选择breathlessly“气喘吁吁地”。aimlessly“漫无目的地”；randomly“随意地”；carelessly“漫不经心地”。
3．A.respect B．consult
C．greet D．appreciate
解析：选C　根据下段中的“greetings”“greet him/her again”等可知，此处指祖母总是问候她见到的人。因此选择greet。
4．A.popular B．standard
C．friendly D．polite
解析：选B　根据后面列举的问候语可知，此处指这些都是普通的问候语。standard“普通的”，符合语境。后文中的“Then, the more personalized ...”也是提示。
5．A.same B．lucky
C．considerate D．gentle
解析：选A　根据本句中的“again”可知选择same，表示遇到同一个人。
6．A.complain B．respond
C．announce D．explain
解析：选B　根据空后的“similarly”及下文的内容可知，此处指的应是人们也会用相似的方式作出回应，因此选择respond。
7．A.patient B．mature
C．young D．unique
解析：选C　根据文章首句中的“When I was a little girl”可知，应选择young。
8．A.unexpectedly B．unintentionally
C．unconsciously D．unnecessarily
解析：选D　根据下文中的“What I now realize is that the greetings strengthened ...”可知，此处指的应是小时候作者认为这些问候都是在没有必要地(unnecessarily)浪费时间。因此选择D。
9．A.protection B．management
C．ties D．boundaries
解析：选C　根据句中的“bound the people”可知应选择ties，意思是“联系”。
10．A.belonging B．direction
C．humor D．achievement
解析：选A　根据全文内容可知，此处指这样的问候使得人们有一种归属感，因此选择belonging。
11．A.professional B．deliberate
C．voluntary D．compulsory
解析：选B　根据上文可知祖母的问候不是随意而为，而是有意而为的，因此选择deliberate“故意的，有意的”。
12．A.suggestions B．measures
C．decisions D．manners
解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指作者相信那种问候不仅仅是出于礼貌。manners“礼貌，礼仪”。
13．A.play B．cancel
C．start D．pause
解析：选D　根据下文的“stopping”可知，应选择pause“暂停”。指它(问候)就像是在我们日常生活中所充斥的白噪音之间按下了暂停键。
14．A.benefit B．rush
C．change D．return
解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处指在我们从家里匆忙赶往工作场所的时候。rush“冲，匆忙”。
15．A.pick up B．bring up
C．take up D．pull up
解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指的应是去接送孩子。空处应填与“drop off”意思相反的词，故pick up“开车接某人”符合句意。
16．A.shape B．recognize
C．admire D．memorize
解析：选B　这是停下来去辨认出(recognize)你面前的人，好像简单地说一句“我看到你了”。
17．A.firmly B．honestly
C．purposely D．simply
解析：选D　参见上题解析。simply“简单地，仅仅”，符合句意。
18．A.offered B．brought
C．taught D．awarded
解析：选C　祖母教育(taught)作者，在干正事之前总会有时间去问候别人的。
19．A.business B．travel
C．research D．study
解析：选A　参见上题解析。business“事务”，符合句意。
20．A.feature B．meaning
C．status D．presence
解析：选D　根据上下文语境可知，此处指当我们承认彼此的独特的存在时，作者相信我们能使我们的社会变得充实、丰富。presence“存在”。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(1)——掌握五类词汇复现规律，速解送分题
在一部分完形填空题目中，考生不需要做出推理判断，可以利用上下文的复现信息，轻松确定正确答案。这些词汇复现包括：
①原词复现：在上下文中同一词汇反复出现；
②同根词复现：词形变化的词汇复现；
③同义/近义词复现：意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的语言复现；
④反义词复现：意思相反的表达方式复现；
⑤上下义词：如rose(玫瑰花)是flower(花)的下义词，flower是rose的上义词。
如上文第15题选择项中pick up(开车接某人)与空后的drop off(让……下车)构成反义词汇。