2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案:必修4Unit3Tomorrow‘sworld
展开
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1.passive adj. 被动的
2.neighbourhood n.[纵联1] 街区;邻近的地方
3.constant adj. 连续发生的,不断的;恒定的
4.biology n.[纵联2] 生物学
5.powder n. 粉末;火药
6.user n. 使用者
7.firefighter n. 消防队员
8.button n. (机器的)按钮;纽扣_
vt.& vi. 扣上纽扣
9.winning adj. 制胜的,获胜的
10.upwards adv. 向上,向高处
11.sunlight n. 阳光,日光
12.worn adj. 破旧的;疲惫的
13.mankind n. 人类
14.liquid adj.& n.[纵联3] 液体(的)
15.sightseeing n. 观光,游览
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1.accuse vt. 控诉,控告;谴责
2.importance n. 重要性
3.hire vt. 聘用,雇用;租用,租借
4.fade vi. 逐渐消失;(使)变淡;走下坡路,衰落
5.network n. (互联)网络
6.planning n. 规划;制订计划
7.operator n. 操作人员
8.electric adj.[纵联4] 电的,电动的
9.urban adj. 城市的,城镇的
10.happiness n. 幸福,快乐
11.monitor n.(计算机)显示器;监测器;班长 vt.& vi.监视
12.function vi.起作用,正常运转 n.作用,功能;职能
13.escape vi.& vt.逃跑;避免;被遗忘,被忽视 n.逃离,逃脱
14.master n.主宰;主人;大师 vt.精通,掌握;控制
15.pack vt.收拾(行李),装箱;包装 n.纸袋;大背包;一捆
16.exit n.出口;离去,退场 vi.& vt.出去,离去,退场
17.chief adj.最重要的,首要的,主要的 n.首领
18.secure adj.安全的;有把握的;坚固的 vt.获得;使安全
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1.amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊诧→amazement n.惊奇,惊愕,惊诧→amazed adj.惊奇的,吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的
2.confident adj.自信的;肯定的,有把握的→confidently adv.自信地→confidence n.信心,信任
3.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n.失望
4.terror n.惊恐,恐惧→terrify vt.使恐惧→terrified adj.惊恐的→terrifying adj.令人惊恐的
5.impression n.印象,感想→impress vt.给……以深刻印象;使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
6.presentation n.展示,介绍;颁发;提交,出示→present v.颁发;展示;赠送,呈献
7.injure vt.伤害,损害→injury n.伤害,损害;负伤
8.social adj.社交的,交际的;社会的→society n.社会→socialism n.社会主义→socialist adj.社会主义的→socialize v.交友,社交
9.disadvantage n.缺点;不利因素,障碍→advantage n.优势
10.disabled adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的→disable vt.使残疾→disability n.残疾
11.reality n.现实,事实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地
12.convenience n.方便,便利;便利的设施或用具→convenient adj.方便的
纵联1.“n.+hood”名词集锦
①neighbourhood街区 ②childhood童年
③boyhood少年时代 ④adulthood成年
⑤manhood男子气概 ⑥brotherhood手足之情
⑦parenthood父母身份
纵联2.攻破各大“专业”
①biology生物学 ②ecology 生态学
③geology地质学 ④psychology心理学
⑤sociology社会学 ⑥zoology动物学
⑦physiology生理学 ⑧archeology考古学
纵联3.多样的liquid
①freeze a liquid冷冻液体 ②thick/thin liquid稠液/稀液
③waste liquid废液 ④liquid food流食
⑤liquid eyes清澈的眼睛
纵联4.攻克“电”相关词
①electricity n.电,电流 ②electric adj.电的,电动的
③electrical adj.有关电的 ④electronic adj.电子的
⑤wireless n.无线电
单元话题——科技发展
子话题1 尖端科技
①vegetative propagation 无性繁殖
②particle collision 粒子碰撞
③time leap 时间跃进
④deep hypnosis 深度催眠
⑤NT (nanotechnology) 纳米技术
⑥water molecule waterproofing technology 水分子防水技术
⑦degradable plastics 可降解塑料
子话题2 信息技术
①information port 信息港
②information highland 信息高地
③information superhighway 信息高速公路
④information revolution 信息革命
⑤information content 信息含量
⑥informationization 信息化
子话题3 数码科技
①optical valley 光谷
②optical communication 光通讯
③cyber port 数码港
④digital globe 数字地球
⑤digital cellular mobile communication 数字蜂窝移动通信
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1.(2018·江苏高考阅读D)Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic❶ lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the __❷__ (constantly) demands of social media❸”.
①写出加黑词的词根:real,其名词形式是reality,意为“现实,实际”。
②用所给词的适当形式填空:constant
③写出加黑词块的汉语意思:社交媒体
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ完形)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website❶ accompanied by the touching words:“What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the attention of social media __❷__ (user) all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
①写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思:社交网站
②用所给词的适当形式填空:users,意为“用户”,此外,本段中的另一个网络常用词post,当动词用可以表示“发帖,附言”,当名词用表示“帖子”。
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1.(2014·四川高考书面表达)在过去的几个月里,我做了充分准备,感到非常自信。(confident)
In_the_past_few_months,_I've_made_good_preparations_and_felt_pretty_confident.
2.(2011·江西高考书面表达)众所周知,随着人们生活水平的提高,汽车已成为一种流行的交通工具,给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。(convenience)
As_is_known_to_all,_with_the_improvement_of_people's_living_standards,_cars_have_become_a_popular_means_of_transport,_bringing_great_convenience_to_our_life.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1.amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊诧
[记牢]
(1)It amazes sb. that ...
=What amazes sb. is that ... 使某人惊奇的是……
(2)amazing adj. 令人惊奇的
It's amazing that ... 令人惊讶的是……
amazed adj. 吃惊的,惊奇的
be amazed at/by ... 对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
(3)amazement n. 惊奇,惊愕
to one's amazement 令某人惊讶的是
in amazement 惊愕地
[练通]
单句语法填空
①You will be amazed (amaze) at the progress we have made in such a short time.
②It's amazing (amaze) that how much better things look after a good night's sleep.
③Visitors are amazed to_find (find) that great changes have taken place in Shanghai within a year.
④Hearing my words, the girl looked at me in amazement.
一句多译
使我惊奇的是,他把这首诗从头到尾背诵了出来。
⑤To_my_amazement,_he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazement)
⑥What_amazed_me_was_that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(what引导的主语从句)
[用准] 以ing结尾的形容词强调事物的特征,常译为“令人……的”;以ed结尾的形容词强调人内心的感受,常译为“感到……的”。
[写美]
⑦(2014·湖南高考书面表达)然而,最让你惊讶的是以下这个新功能。
However,_what_amazes_you_most_is_the_following_new_function.
[联想] 可用于“to one's+n.”结构的抽象名词还有:delight,surprise, satisfaction, astonishment, disappointment等。
2.confident adj.自信的;肯定的,确信的,有把握的
[记牢]
(1)be confident in 相信,信任
be confident about/of sth./that ... 确信……
(2)confidence n. 信心,自信
have confidence in 对……有信心
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I'm confident in the path I have chosen.
②Your encouragement made me more confident of/about my future.
③I have confidence (confident) in beating you in the competition.
句型转换
④Compared with Susan's English, yours is better, so you should be confident about yourself.
→Compared with Susan's English, yours is better, so you should have confidence in yourself.
[写美]
⑤(2015·陕西高考书面表达)在提供服务的同时,我也能提高自己的组织能力、沟通技巧以及当众说英语的自信。
By_offering_my_service,_I_will_be_able_to_improve_my_organisational_ability,_communication_skills_as_well_as_my_confidence_in_speaking_English_in_public.
⑥(2013·浙江高考书面表达)然后,我一直坚持训练,直到我足够自信可以向优秀运动员发起挑战。
Then_I_kept_practising_until_I_became_confident_enough_that_I_can_challenge_the_good_players.
3.injure vt.伤害,损害
[记牢]
(1)injury n. 伤害,伤口
do sb./oneself an injury
= do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害
(2)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
[练通] 单句语法填空
①The big stone rolling down in the landslide did a serious injury to the man in his car.
②It is reported that the injured (injure) have been transferred to local hospitals for treatment.
③There's no denying that the attack has done a severe injury (injure) to his reputation.
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)These chemicals come from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
[写美]
⑤(2014·北京高考书面表达)因为我的左脚受伤,我不能像计划得那样跟你一起去了。
Because_my_left_foot_was_injured,_I_cannot_go_with_you_as_planned.
4.disadvantage n.缺点;不利因素,障碍
[记牢]
(1)at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
advantages and disadvantages 利与弊
(2)advantage n. 优势;有利条件
take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
have the advantage of (doing) sth.
有(做)……的有利条件
have an advantage over 胜过,优于
to one's advantage 对某人有利的是
[练通]
单句语法填空
①If you don't speak good English, you'll be at a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.
②Men usually have an advantage over women when hunting for jobs.
③One of the disadvantages (advantage) of the solar car is too expensive for common people.
④It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.
句型转换
⑤I think we should make full use of this technology to improve the quality of our products.
→I think we should take full advantage of this technology to improve the quality of our products.
完成句子
⑥(2016·天津高考)I'm going to_take_advantage_of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
我打算利用这次参观来探究这座城堡的历史。
⑦The hotel is not very modern, but it has_the_advantage_of being in the city center.
那家酒店不是很现代,但它有一个优点就是位于市中心。
[写美]
⑧(2011·广东高考书面表达)这本书在有关中美教育方式优缺点方面引起了激烈的讨论。
The_book_has_stimulated_a_heated_discussion_on_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_Chinese_and_American_educational_ways.
5.accuse vt.控诉,控告;指责;谴责
[记牢]
(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.
= charge sb. with (doing) sth.
控告/指责某人(做了)某事
accuse sb. as ... 控告某人为……
(2)the accused 被告
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He accused the government of refusing (refuse) to face facts about the economy.
②The shopkeeper was charged with cheating customers in commodity trades.
③The accused was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.
单句改错
④Accusing of stealing money, the man was brought to court.
Accusing→Accused
[写美]
⑤(2013·福建高考书面表达)父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切,并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。
Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_spare_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.
6.function vi.起作用,正常运转n.作用,功能;职能
[辨清] 写出下列句中function的含义
①As is well known, the function of a clock is to tell the time.功能,作用
②You know I can't function without a coffee in the morning.正常工作
③In your new job you'll be expected to perform many different functions.职能
[记牢]
function as ... 担任/起……作用,具有……功能
function well (properly)/normally/efficiently
运转良好/运转正常/高效运转
[练通] 完成句子
④On weekdays, one third of the room functions_as workspace.
在工作日,房间的三分之一用作办公区域。
⑤This is a secondhand car, but it_functions_well.
这是一辆二手车,但是它的性能良好。
[写美]
⑥(2009·江苏高考书面表达)因为带有插入、删除、移动、复制功能,它使得我们能够编辑文本、浏览网页以及下载所需的东西。
With_the_functions_of_inserting,_deleting,_moving_and_copying,_it_enables_us_to_edit_text,_browse_web_pages_and_download_what_we_want.
7.escape vi.逃跑,逃离,逃脱vt.避开,避免;被遗忘,被忽视n.逃离;逃脱
[辨清] 写出下列句中escape的词性和含义
①They ran away from the guards and three of them escaped.vi.逃脱
②I'm afraid your name escaped me.vt.被遗忘
③For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.n.逃离
[记牢]
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱;逃避
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
sth.escape(s) sb. 某物被某人遗忘;未被注意
(2)fire escape 太平梯;安全梯;安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生;死里逃生
[练通]
单句语法填空
④To their relief, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.
⑤That was a narrow escape all right when our car turned over!
⑥He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.
一句多译
你很幸运地逃过了惩罚。
⑦You are lucky to_escape_punishment.(escape sth.)
⑧You are lucky to_escape_being_punished.(escape doing sth.)
[写美]
⑨(2014·湖北高考书面表达)与逃逸的司机相比,我为自己所做的事感到自豪。
Compared_with_the_escaped_driver,_I_am_proud_of_what_I_did.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The lawbreakers will never escape (逃脱) the punishment of the law.
2.Companies can offer secure (安全的) credit card transactions over the Internet.
3.We'll never accuse (指责) you of having done anything unmanly.
4.Police officers have been closely monitoring (监督) the organization's activities.
5.You can hire (租用) a bicycle, a car, or a horse in that park whenever you want to.
6.The teacher assured the students to know the importance (重要性) of learning English.
7.She has mastered (精通) several foreign languages, for instance French.
8.When you start to get tired of the busy urban (城市的) life, it would be better to spend a week at the beach.
9.A machine that is well put together functions (运转) effectively.
10.We have arranged for you to go to Shenzhen for sightseeing (观光) during the weekend.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I'm going to ask each of you to make a short presentation (present) to what you saw.
2.Existing knowledge was the storehouse of the past; it had to be thoroughly explored and constantly (constant) extended.
3.A typical PDA can function as a mobile phone, fax sender, and personal organizer.
4.It is not how much you have but how much you enjoy that makes happiness (happy).
5.I didn't get much of an impression (impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it.
6.The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
7.The children asked no more questions, but looked up at her in amazement.
8.I had to remind myself that being confident (confidence) is not the same as being perfect.
9.We were rather disappointed (disappoint) that you were not able to come yesterday.
10.If you know first aid, it isn't difficult for you to help an injured (injure) person in an accident.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.Due to his height and reach, he has an advantage to other sportsmen.第二个to→over
2.He often listens to music so as to escape the pressure of work.escape后加from
3.Isn't it amazed how the human body heals itself after an injury?amazed→amazing
4.The company was accused with using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.with→of或accused→charged
5.The lorry driver escaped being hurt, but a pedestrian injured.injured前加was
Ⅳ.句型转换/完成句子
1.He was charged with speeding on the highway during the National Day.
→He was accused of speeding on the highway during the National Day.
2.We should encourage him to_have_confidence_in_himself.
我们应该鼓励他对自己有信心。
3.I was_at_a_disadvantage_compared with the younger members of the team.
和队伍中的年轻队员相比,我处于不利地位。
4.Mike often attempts to_escape_being_fined_whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
无论什么时候违反交通规则,迈克总是设法逃避罚款。
5.Visitors were_amazed_at the students' conversational fluency in English.
访问者对学生们流利的英语感到惊讶。
(一)课前自主学习
1.add_to 使增加,使增强
2.connect_with/to[串记1] 与……连接
3.give_out/off 放出(声、光、气等);公布
4.put_forward[串记2] 提出,提议
5.carry_out 执行;实行;贯彻
6.in_the_long_term/run 从长远来看
7.compared_with 与……比较起来
8.as_to 至于,关于
9.set_up 设立,建立
10.be_concerned_about 关心,挂念
11.last_but_not_least[串记3] 最后但同样重要的
12.speak_of 说起,谈到
13.be_filled_with[串记4] 充满
14.blow_up (使)爆炸
15.hold_on_to 紧紧抓住
16.in_terror 惊恐地
17.all_of_a_sudden 突然
18.in_the_convenience_of 在……方面是方便的
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“连接,结/联合”短语展示
①link to 连接到……
②relate to 涉及,连接
③connect with/to 与……连接
④combine with 与……联合
⑤associate with 联合
串记2.“v.+forward”短语速记
①move forward 向前移动
②step forward 向前走
③go forward 前行
④put forward 提出,提议
⑤look forward 向前看
串记3.least相关短语集合
①at least 至少
②not in the least 一点也不
③least of all 最不;尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的
串记4.“be+adj.+with”表达种种
①be filled with 充满
②be busy with 忙于
③be concerned with 与……有关;关心
④be delighted with 对……感到高兴
⑤be popular with 受……欢迎
⑥be satisfied with 对……感到满意
⑦be patient with 对……有耐心
1.development in science and technology 科技发展
2.a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement
一种愉悦感和成就感
3.social problem 社交问题
4.experience the world 体验世界
5.read the latest news 阅读最新新闻
6.share music for free 免费分享音乐
1.Not_only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment ...
使用者不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛,还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……
2.This kind of urban planning is in the long term cheaper and more practical, compared_with the way most urban planning is done today.
这种城市规划从长远来看与今天所做的多数城市规划相比更加经济、实用。
3.In my opinion, it_is_about_time_we_had new computers.
在我看来,我们应该有新的电脑了。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五) Do you want a room that's full of (is_filled_with) life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? (用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
2.(2018·天津高考阅读B) I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly (All_of_a_sudden) I sensed a man standing behind me.(用本单元短语升级句中加黑词汇)
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)正如你知道的,打乒乓球不仅能增强你的体质,而且能塑造你的性格。(not only ... but also ...)
As_you_know,_not_only_can_playing_pingpong_build_up_your_body_but_it_also_shapes_your_character.
2.(2015·重庆高考书面表达)与抽象的目标相比,每当我们前进一步,具体的目标能给我们带来更多的勇气和自信。(compared with)
Compared_with_many_abstract_objectives,_practical_ones_can_bring_us_more_courage_and_confidence_whenever_we_make_one_step_forward.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1.add to使增强,使增加,使扩大
[记牢]
(1)add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up 合计;把……加起来
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add that ... 补充说……
(2)addition n. 加;(数)加法;增加
in addition 另外;此外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外
[练通] 完成句子
①Please add_some_sugar_to the milk to make it more delicious.
请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He added_that the theater's location was also a reason.
他补充说,剧院的位置也是一个原因。
③Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in_addition_to seasonal specials.
除了季节特色外,我们的咖啡厅还提供完整的午餐和点心选择菜单。
④Perhaps you think you could easily add_to_your_happiness with more money.
可能你认为拥有更多的钱能轻松增加你的快乐。
⑤Add_up the figures and see how much they add_up_to.
把所有数字加起来,看看共计多少。
[写美]
⑥(2015·湖南高考书面表达)我的老师说我给全班同学树立了榜样,他还补充说每个人都应向我学习。
My_teacher_said_I_set_a_good_example_to_all_of_my_classmates._He_also_added_that_everyone_should_learn_from_me.
2.put forward提出,提议;推荐;将……提前;拨快(时钟指针)
[辨清] 写出下列句中put forward的含义
①My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.拨快
②We put forward the date of the training by two months.将……提前
③The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.提出
[记牢]
put aside 储存;(把……)撇开不理;不考虑;
放下正在做的事;留出
put ... away 把……收拾好;储存
put (...) down (把……)放下;写下;平息(叛乱等)
put off 推迟;除去;消除
put on 穿上(衣服);上演(戏剧等)
put out 伸出(手、脚等);扑灭
put through 接通(电话)
put up 修建;举起;抬起;张贴;
(为……)提供食宿;提高(价钱)
put up with 忍受;容忍
[练通]
选用上述短语填空
④Never put_off till tomorrow what you can do today.
⑤Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put_up_with when watching TV.
⑥Now the electric fan is not in use. Let's put it away.
⑦The boys felt tired so they put_out the fire and crept into their tent.
⑧Never put anything down on paper which might be used in evidence against you at a later date.
补全句子
⑨A_suggestion_has_been_put_forward (一个建议已被提出) that we should recycle the textbooks.
⑩Encourage children to put_aside_some_of_their_pocketmoney (省下一部分零用钱) to buy Christmas presents.
[写美]
⑪(2009·重庆高考书面表达)所以我建议这个话题应该被提交给网友来讨论。
So_I_suggest_the_topic_should_be_put_forward_for_netizens_to_discuss.
⑫(2009·北京高考书面表达)完成工作后,我们立了一个标示牌来提醒人们保护树木。
After_getting_the_work_done,_we_put_up_a_board_to_remind_people_to_protect_the_trees.
[句式集释]
1.not only ... but also ...
[教材原句] Not_only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment ...
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous, for not_only_its_beauty_but_(also)_its_weather.
直到我来到这里才意识到这个地方很有名,不仅是因为它的美丽还有它的天气。
(2)Not only did_we_forget to turn off the lights in the kitchen, but we (also) failed to lock the front door.
我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯,而且也忘了锁前门。
(3)Not only the children but (also) their coach likes playing football.
不仅是孩子们,他们的教练也喜欢踢足球。
[析用法规则]
用法
归纳
(1)not only ... but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only ... but also ...连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时, not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only ... but also ... 连接的两个并列成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致,即就近原则。
注意
事项
适用于“就近原则”的结构还有:either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not ... but ...等。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·安徽高考写作佳句)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(开头句)
(2)(2015·天津高考写作佳句)I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but also help enhance your Chinese.(要点句)
2.It's (about/high) time (that)...
[教材原句] In my opinion, it_is_about_time_we_had new computers.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It is high time that the government took/should_take (take) measures to stop pollution.
该是政府采取有效措施来控制环境污染的时候了。
(2)This is the last time that I have_told (tell) you how to do it.
这是我最后一次告诉你怎么做。
(3)I know it_is_time_for_me_to_do my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games.
我知道是我做作业的时间了,但是我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
It's (about/high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.是固定句型,意为“(现在)是某人该做某事的时候了”,should通常不能省略。
由time构成的其他句型:
(1)It's time for ... 是……的时候了
(2)It's time for sb. to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了
(3)It/This/That is/was the first/second/...time+that ...这/那是某人第一/二/……次……(从句要用完成时)
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·江苏高考写作佳句)It's high time the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.(要点句)(2)(2010·福建高考写作佳句)Therefore, it's high time we did something about the global water shortage.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
last but not least, as to, add to, put forward, all of a sudden, carry out, in the long term/run, in terror
1.Her colleagues' laughter only added_to her embarrassment.
2.I would like to thank my publisher, my editor and, last_but_not_least,_my husband.
3.The students put_forward new proposals on the running of the college to the College Education Committee.
4.The manager has not made up his mind yet as_to who will be in charge of the project.
5.They will carry_out this experiment, regardless of what might happen.
6.People ran for the exits, screaming out_in_terror.
7.But in_the_long_term/run,_we need to invest in clean, renewable energy.
8.I was reading magazines in the room when_all_of_a_sudden the light went out.
Ⅱ.句式升级/一句多译
1.The teacher himself is interested in football. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it, too. (not only ... but also ...)
→Not_only_is_the_teacher_himself_interested_in_football_but_also_all_his_students_are_beginning_to_show_an_interest_in_it.
2. 该是我们停止谈话着手工作的时候了。
①It's_high_time_that_we_stopped_talking_and_got_down_to_work.(It's high time that ...)
②It's_high_time_for_us_to_stop_talking_and_get_down_to_work.(It's high time for sb. to do sth.)
3.三加四等于七。
①Three added_to four makes/equals seven.
②Three and four add(s)_up_to seven.
③If you add_three_to_four,_you will get seven.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华,你的朋友张柯给你发邮件,就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示,用英语给他回一封100词左右的邮件,推荐他买电子词典。
1.方便、快捷;
2.能储存资料;
3.能发音。
参考词汇:电子词典electronic dictionary
第一步:准确审题,理行文脉络,拟写作要点
本文是一封推荐信,时态为一般现在时,人称以第二人称和第三人称为主。写作要点可以从以下三方面着手:一、提出建议——买电子词典;二、给出该建议的理由:电子词典方便、快捷,能储存资料,能发音;三、希望采纳建议。其中要点1的写作比较简单,可以一带而过,点题即可;要点2是写作的重点,可以借助题目中给出的提示,用准确的语言表达出要点的内容;要点3重申建议,简短利落地进行收尾。
要点1:对你来说,买一个电子词典是一个明智的选择。(a wise choice)
It_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
要点2-①:有几个因素促成了我的建议。(lead to)
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion.
要点2-②:携带电子词典很方便。(convenient)
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_the_electronic_dictionary.
要点2-③:用电子词典,你会很快查到你想要的。(as soon as possible)
You_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible.
要点2-④:你可以储存有用的资料。(store)
You_can_store_the_useful_material.
要点2-⑤:它能够给你生动、清晰和准确的发音。(vivid, clear and correct pronunciation)
It_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation.
要点3-①:既然有这么多的优点,为什么不买一个呢?(why not ...?)
Since_there_are_so_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one?
要点3-②:真心希望我的建议会对你有用。(do hope, useful)
I_do_hope_my_suggestion_will_be_useful_to_you.
第二步:添加细节,文意更丰满,表达更亮眼
通过上面列举的要点,这篇文章的基本思路已经清晰可见,但是要点的表达多以简单句为主,用多了会单调并且乏味。为使文章内容更加充实,我们需要对要点进行适当的补充,增加一些细节,并运用一些高级句式,使文章档次得以提升。例如:要点1,直接给对方推荐词典有点突兀,可以先引出对方来信中提出的问题,然后顺承给出自己的建议,在问题和建议中用上复合句,让表达更高级。要点2-②可以用地点状语从句补充说明电子词典的便携性;要点2-④可以用时间状语从句说明存储的方便性;而要点2-⑤可以用复合句突出强调电子词典的发音功能,使之更具有说服力。
拓展1:至于你来信时提到的问题,我认为对你来说,买一个电子词典是一个明智的选择。(as for, 定语从句, I think ...)
As_for_the_problem_you_put_forward_in_your_last_letter,_I_think_it_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
拓展2-②:无论你到哪里去,携带电子词典都很方便,因为它比普通字典小得多。(with复合结构, wherever引导状语从句)
With_the_electronic_dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_wherever_you_go.
拓展2-④:当遇到有用的材料时,你可以尽可能多地储存下来。(when引导的状语从句的省略, as ... as possible)
When_meeting_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible.
拓展2-⑤:让它从其他众多的词典中脱颖而出的是它能够给你生动、清晰和准确的发音,就像一位老师站在你的旁边。(主语从句, 表语从句, make, like)
What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_other_dictionaries_is_that_it_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you.
第三步:连句成文,排语句顺序,重衔接过渡
本文为建议信,可用陈述建议时常用的衔接词:to begin with, additionally, last but not least等进行衔接,使文章层层展开,逻辑清晰,结构分明。
Dear_Zhang_Ke,
As_for_the_problem_you_put_forward_in_your_last_letter,_I_think_it_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion._To_begin_with,_with_the_electronic_dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_wherever_you_go._Additionally,_you_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible._Last_but_not_least,_when_meeting_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible._What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_other_dictionaries_is_that_it_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you._Since_there_are_so_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one?
I_do_hope_my_suggestion_will_be_useful_to_you.
Yours,
Li_Hua
理清文体结构之(十二) 议论文之分总结构——把握分论点,关注结论是关键
“分总结构”类议论文一般在文章前半部分有相对一致的句式或相互照应的词语来表现分的关系,让文章思路清晰,使读者一目了然。结尾的“总”一般为文章的论点,是文章的结论及核心。把握住分论点并找到论点对理解全文大意至关重要,然后迅速浏览题干,根据题目要求回原文中找对应信息,便可准确解题。
[高考典例] 2015·四川卷·E篇
[读文划分结构]
分
总
[1]No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock ’n’ roll. Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
[2]“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
[3]People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
[4]The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
[5]Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
[6]However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ’Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.
[7]So he tried it.
[8]He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
[9]They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.
[10]West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
→论点1:滚动移石(可解50题)
——建造困难
论点2:滑动移石
(可解46题)
——实例论证
—
结论:滚动移石比滑动
移石有优势(可解49题)
[定区间·细比对]
46.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________.
A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
50.What is the text mainly about?
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
[答案] 46.C 49.D 50.D
46.普遍的移石观点第4段,由论点2比对即可得出答案。
49.滚动移石的优势最后一段,由结论归纳得出答案。
50.文章主旨全文结构,由分论点和结论归纳可得出答案。