2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修4Unit2Sportsevents



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．committee n．　　　　 委员会
2．contemporary adj. 现代的，当代的；同一时代的
3．boundary n. 边界，界限
4．referee n. 裁判；推荐人
5．whistle n. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫
vi. 吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫
6．nation n. 国家，民族；全体国民
7．flame n. 火焰
8．gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练
9．movement n. 社会运动；移动，活动；进展
10．continent n. 洲，大陆
11．citizen n. 公民；居民
12．toast n. 烤面包片；干杯，敬酒
vt. 烤(面包)；为……干杯
13．stadium n．[纵联1] 体育场，运动场
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．attempt n．& vt. 尝试，努力，试图
2．otherwise adv. 否则，不然
3．remove vt. 去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)
4．tie vt. 打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆
5．delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的
6．honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉
vt. 尊敬，尊重(某人)
7．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；在此期间
8．precious adj.[纵联2] 宝贵的，珍贵的
9．routine n．& adj. 常规(的)
10．budget n. 预算
vi.& vt. 编制预算
11．well­known adj. 著名的
12．origin n. 起源，起因；出身
13．outdoors adv. 往户外，在户外
n. 户外；野外
14．association n．[纵联3] 协会，社团；关联；联想
15．reporter n. 记者
16．transport n.
vt.[纵联4] 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
运输，运送
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n．比赛者；竞赛者
2．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少的；心不在焉的
3．power n．力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的
4．excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动
5．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的
6．technique n．技术，工艺，技巧→technical adj.技术的；工艺的→technology n．技术；科技
7．unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的
8．frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁地→frequency n．频率，频繁
9．champion n．冠军，优胜者→championship n．锦标赛；冠军称号
10．unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的→usual adj.平常的，与以往一样的
11．final adj.最终的，最后的n.决赛→finally adv.最后
12．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的

纵联1.“校园设施”知多少？
①stadium体育场　　　　　 ②library图书馆
③gym hall体操馆 ④canteen餐厅，食堂
⑤dormitory宿舍，公寓 ⑥laboratory实验室
⑦playground操场
纵联2.慧眼识别“形似词”
① ②
③ ④
纵联3.“联系”高频词一览
①link ②touch
③contact ④relation
⑤connection ⑥association
纵联4.各种“运输”
①public transport公共交通 ②transport by air空运
③transport regularly 定期运送
④transport swiftly 运送快捷

单元话题——体育赛事
子话题1　运动项目与场地
　①athletics n．田径运动 ②marathon n．马拉松
③badminton n．羽毛球运动 ④hockey n．曲棍球
⑤baseball n．棒球运动 ⑥court n．球场
⑦pitch n．(足球、橄榄球等)球场
⑧track n．跑道
子话题2　运动员与赛事
①amateur n．业余运动员 ②professional n．职业球员
③coach n．教练 ④foul n．犯规
⑤defeat vt.打败 ⑥defend v．防守
⑦title n．(重大体育比赛中的)冠军
⑧tournament n．锦标赛，联赛
⑨Paralympics n．残疾人运动会
⑩sportsmanship n．体育精神
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2017·北京高考阅读D)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate❶ with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in­born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original❷ purpose if it is dead.
①写出加黑词在本单元的名词形式：association,_associate ...with意为：将……和……联系起来
②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：origin
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was __❶__ (delight) at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence❷ meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：delighted，本词意为“高兴的，愉快的”，常用来描述人的感受；同根词delightful常用来描述事物给人的感觉，意为“令人愉快的，可爱的”。
②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：absence，表示“缺席，不在”时后面常接介词from。
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两支球队每天都训练两小时，有规律地参加比赛。(competition)
Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.
2．(2015·天津高考书面表达)今年七月我们将参加你们学校举办的夏令营，这让我们非常兴奋。(excited)
We_will_go_to_take_part_in_the_summer_camp_held_by_your_school_this_July,_which_makes_us_very_excited.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的
[记牢]
(1)be delighted at/with/by ...　　　　 对……高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted ＋ that从句 很高兴……
(2)delight n．　 [U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事
　vt.& vi. (使)高兴
have/find/take delight in (doing) ... 高兴(做)……；
以(做)……为乐
to one's delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地
(3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The professor was delighted to_find (find) that two thirds of the projects had already been finished by the students independently.
②He jumped with/in delight when he was told that he had been admitted to the key university.
③Thank you very much for inviting me to this delightful (delight) dinner.
完成句子
④(2015·福建高考)To_my_delight (令我高兴的是), I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
⑤People still take/have/find_delight_in (以……为乐) talking about the legendary stories.
[写美]
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你对唐诗感兴趣，我很高兴。现在我写信告诉你下一节课的计划。
I_am_delighted_to_know_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems._Now_I'm_writing_to_tell_you_the_plan_for_the_next_class.
2．compete vi.比赛；竞争
[记牢]
(1)compete in　　　　 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against ...for
为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I am very delighted at getting a chance to_compete (compete) in the final.
②He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship.
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
根据汉语提示完成语段
As the youngest ④competitor,_I had to ⑤compete_in the writing contest ⑥against/with 20 other top students ⑦for the annual writing award. I must be very ⑧competitive to be the winner.
作为最小的比赛者，我必须和另外20名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以获得年度写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。
[写美]
⑨(2013·天津高考书面表达)我们可以在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生进行竞争。
We_can_compete_with_students_from_other_universities_in_debate_contests_or_speech_contests.
3．honour n．尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给予荣誉
[记牢]
(1)in honour of　 　 　　 　　 　 为了纪念，为了庆祝
in one's honour 为了纪念某人
be one's honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing/to do sth.　 有幸做某事
It is sb.'s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/
一件荣幸的事
(2)honoured adj. 受尊敬的，感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
be honoured with ... 被授予……
be honoured as ... 被授予……的称号
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I feel honoured (honour) to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability.
②I have the honour to_make (make) a speech to welcome the respected guests.
③We celebrate Teachers' Day every year in honour of teachers.
完成句子
④He said that he did not steal the book and that his personal_honour (个人名誉) had been attacked.
⑤If you honour_somebody (尊重某人), you respect his/her good fame and look up to him/her.
一句多译
我很荣幸能代表我们公司参加这次会议。
⑥I have_the_honour_of_attending the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑦It_is_my_honour_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑧I feel_honoured_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honoured)
[写美]
⑨(2014·江西高考书面表达)我很荣幸能与你们分享我对高中学习的看法。
It_is_my_honour_to_be_here_to_share_with_you_my_opinions_on_what_to_learn_in_senior_high_school.
4．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有
[记牢]
(1)absence from work/class　　 缺勤/缺课
in/during one's absence＝in/during the absence of sb.
在某人不在/缺席的时候
in/during the absence of sth. 在缺乏某物的时候
absence of mind(＝absent­minded adj.)
心不在焉
(2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；茫然的
be absent from 不参加……；缺席……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in/during my absence.
②When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer.
③He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
完成句子
④However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in_the_absence_of_a_
native_environment (在缺乏母语环境的时候)．
⑤The total absence_of_mind (心不在焉) caused him to fail the exam.
[用准]　
如：absent from Shanghai“不在上海”；absent in Shanghai“在上海”。
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班级应该进行讨论，任何人不允许缺席。
After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_no_one_shall_be_absent_from_it.
5．attempt n．& vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图
[记牢]
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事　　　　　　
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth.＝ try/seek to do sth.
努力做某事；企图做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He attempted to_get (get) in touch with them but without success.
②Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it at_the first attempt.
③The man was being questioned about the attempted (attempt) murder last night.
句型转换
④He attempted to pass the CET­4, but failed in the end.
→He made an attempt at passing /to pass the CET­4, but failed in the end.
[用准]　attempt to do sth.和try/seek to do sth.一样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而manage to do sth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。
[写美]
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)他们迫不及待地想要自己尝试一下。
They_couldn't_wait_to_have_an_attempt_for_themselves.
⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)不久随着每个外国学生尝试自己泡茶，茶室很快热闹起来。
Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_attempting_to_make_their_own_tea.
6．otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然adv.在其他方面；不同地
[辨清]　写出下列句中otherwise的含义
①He intended to be a teacher in a university but fate decided otherwise.不同地
②Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear. Otherwise, you may have problems.否则，不然
③She is not very clever, but otherwise she's a nice girl.在其他方面
[记牢]
(1)otherwise (conj.)＝or/or else　　否则，不然
(2)otherwise (adv.)＝differently/in another way
＝in the other way/in a different way
不同地，在其他方面
[练通]　同义句转换
④Seize the chance; otherwise (＝or_else) you will regret it.
⑤The rent is high, but otherwise (＝in_the_other_way) the house is satisfactory.
[用准]　otherwise作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。
[写美]
⑥(2011·四川高考书面表达)建议所有参加摘苹果的人都应该戴上帽子和手套，因为要不然会有很多树叶或脏东西掉到你的头上，弄脏你的手。
It_is_suggested_that_all_the_people_who_will_join_in_picking_apples_should_wear_a_hat_and_a_pair_of_gloves_because_there_will_be_a_lot_of_leaves_or_dirty_things_that_will_otherwise_fall_on_your_head_and_make_your_hands_dirty.
7．remove vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)；脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁
[辨清]　写出下列句中remove的含义
①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职
④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.清除
⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除
[记牢]
(1)remove ...from ...　　　　 把……从……移开
remove from ...to ... 把……搬到……
remove sb. from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[练通]　单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
⑦Reference books may not be removed from the library.
⑧The factory announced its removal (remove) to another town.
[写美]
⑨(2011·江苏高考书面表达)意识到一天的工作之后她妈妈一定很累了，这个女孩帮妈妈把包从肩膀上拿下来。
Realizing_her_mom_must_be_very_tired_after_a_day's_work,_the_girl_helps_to_remove_the_bag_from_her_shoulder.
8．power n．力量；能量(尤指电)；影响力；权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力
[辨清]　写出下列句中power的含义
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.电，电力
②It is said that he has the power of holding his audience.能力
③So enormous was the hurricane's power that it carried away the whole building.力量
④The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with such a situation.权力
⑤All these modern educational aids are powered by electricity.提供动力
[记牢]
(1)be in power　　 　　　 掌权，执政(表示状态)
come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)
in/within one's power 在某人的能力/权力范围之内
out of/beyond one's power　 超出某人的能力
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的
[练通]　单句语法填空
⑥The government wilted (畏缩) in the face of such powerful (power) pressure.
⑦Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond my power to do so.
⑧Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
[写美]
⑨(2013·湖北高考书面表达)直到那时，我才意识到语言在积极和消极方面都有强大的力量(都会产生很大的影响)。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In order to maintain our health, we should do more exercise. Meanwhile (与此同时), it is a must to keep a balanced diet with less sugar and fat but more fruit and vegetables.
2．Nothing is more precious (宝贵的) than health.
3．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to explain the origin (起源) of advertising.
4．I prefer to play outdoors (在户外) rather than play computer games in the room.
5．The harmful association (关联) between screen­based devices and kids' sleep is a major public health concern.
6．They enjoy anything that breaks the dullness of their routine (常规的) life.
7．To my great excitement, I succeeded in passing the driving test at my first attempt (尝试)．
8．To be honest, a lot of people attach great significance (重要性) to becoming rich and famous.
9．There are frequent (频繁的) contacts between the peoples of the two countries.
10．The museum contains 6,000 contemporary (当代的) and modern artworks.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Firemen fought through the smoke and attempted to_rescue (rescue) the children.
2．Washington, a state in the United States, was named in honour of one of the greatest American presidents.
3．Mary is a kind­hearted lady with a positive attitude towards life because she takes delight in helping others.
4．His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition (compete), the family will win an overseas tour for free.
5．Jack quickly established himself as a powerful (power) member of the new company.
6．In our hometown, it is traditional (tradition) to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival.
7．Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant (significance) to his/her students.
8．The secretary has been removed from her position for her negligence.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test in the first attempt. in→at
2．Delightful to hear of my appointment as chairman of Board, he offered his sincere congratulations. Delightful→Delighted
3．He felt it honour to be invited to such an important conference.it后加an
4．Much for our excitement, no one raised objection at the meeting yesterday. for→to
5．Life is like a long race where we often compete for others to go beyond ourselves. for→with
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换
1．You'd better go now, otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train.
你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。
2．I have_made_an_attempt_to convince her, but in vain.
我曾试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。
3．Only the greatest athletes can_compete_in this demanding event.
只有最了不起的运动员才能角逐这种吃力的运动项目。
4．I feel delighted that I can go to the concert with you tomorrow evening.
①I feel delighted to go to the concert with you tomorrow evening.
②I feel delighted at/with/by going to the concert with you tomorrow evening.
5．It is an honour for me to have the opportunity to address in your university.
①I am honoured to have the opportunity to address in your university.
②I have the honour to have the opportunity to address in your university.

(一)课前自主学习

1．by_tradition[串记1]　　 按照传统
2．take_part_in 参加
3．in_honour_of 为向……表示敬意
4．bring_..._back_to_life 使……重生
5．side_by_side[串记2] 共同；肩并肩
6．lead_the_way 领先；带路
7．hang_on (在逆境中)坚持
8．look_forward_to 盼望，期望
9．come_up_with 提出
10．look_out_for[串记3] 当心，小心
11．knock_over 打翻，撞倒
12．make_way_for 给……让路，让位于……
13．apply_to 适用于，应用于
14．pass_sth._on_(to_sb.) 转交，传给，递给
15．keep_a_close_watch_on 密切关注……
16．by_accident 偶然，意外地

[同根短语串记]
串记1.“by＋n.”短语集锦
①by design故意地 ②by blood按血统
③by tradition按照传统 ④by origin就来源而言
⑤by chance偶然，碰巧 ⑥by accident偶然，碰巧
串记2.“n.＋prep.＋n.”结构短语
　①arm in arm臂挽臂地 ②hand in hand手挽/牵手地
③back to back背对背地 ④side by side肩并肩地
⑤face to face面对面地 ⑥heart to heart心连心地
串记3.“当心，小心”表达种种
①be careful小心，当心 ②look out for当心；注意
③watch out for小心，提防 ④take care注意，当心
⑤mind your steps当心脚下 ⑥watch your head小心碰头


1．as a member of ...　　　　　　 作为……的一员
2．every four years 每四年
3．for the first time in history 历史上首次
4．live side_by side in peace 和平相处
5．host the Olympics 举办奥运会
6．speak at least a little English 至少讲一点英语
7．go running in the park 在公园中跑步
8．do some exercises as a preparation 做些预备活动

1．He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。
2．I am sure the whole of China must_have_felt_proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之感到自豪。
3．The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)In his introduction, he_made_it_clear_that (他明确表示) our credits would be hard­earned.(完成句子)
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ完形)Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all traditional (by_tradition) places of learning.(写出加黑词在本单元的同义短语)
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)并且我确实盼望着尽快收到你的回复。(look forward to)
And_I_do_look_forward_to_receiving_your_reply_as_soon_as_possible.
2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)看来我们回不去农舍吃晚饭了。我们都站在那里，又饿又累。(形容词作状语)
It_seems_that_we_can't_make_our_way_back_to_the_farm_house_for_supper.We_all_stood_there,_hungry_and_tired.

(二)课堂重点释疑


[短语集释]
1．hang on (＝ hold on) 不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(to sth.)
[辨清]　写出下列句中hang on的含义
①It's hard work, but if you hang on, you are sure to succeed in the end.(在逆境中)坚持
②There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired. 紧紧抓住，保留
③James will be back at once, hang on.别挂断
[记牢]
hang on to　　　　　　　 抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃
hang up (on sb.) 挂断(某人的)电话
hang out 晾出；闲逛
hang about/around 徘徊，闲荡
[练通]　单句语法填空
④While I was talking with a friend on the phone, he suddenly hung up on me.
⑤The principal warned the students not to hang around/about the corner grocery store after school.
⑥It was so windy that I had to hang on to my hat all the way along the street.
[写美]
⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)无论形势多么困难，都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。
Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_hang_on_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
2．make way for给……让路，让位于……
[记牢]
make one's way to　 向……走去
give way to 让路；让步；被……代替
in the way 挡路，挡道，妨碍
in a way 在某种意义上
in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
under way 在进行，在举行
on the way 在路上；将要发生
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①Many houses are being knocked down to make_way_for a new park.
②No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in_the_way.
③In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
④An investigation is under_way to find out how the disaster happened.
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一般来说，你的抵达时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。
Generally_speaking,_in_no_way_should_your_arrival_be_later_than_the_fixed_time.

[句式集释]

1．make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
[教材原句]　He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible_for_people_of_all_
countries_to_live side by side in peace.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The rapid development of science and technology makes it possible for us_to_do (do) what we couldn't do in the past.
科技的迅速发展使得我们可以做过去不能做的事情。
(2)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。
(3)I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.
我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。
(2)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋that”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。
(3)“动词＋it＋no good/no use ...＋doing sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词。
注意事项
(1)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：believe, think, feel, find, notice, make等；
(2)在习惯用法中，hate, like, love, appreciate, enjoy, take, have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(开头句)
(2)(2011·新课标卷写作佳句)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.(要点句)
2．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句]　The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_they got up at four.
急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。
(2)One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing winds.
一位女士躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。
(3)When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous_and_embarrassed.
当轮到他发表演讲时，他朝麦克风走去，紧张而又尴尬。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
形容词(短语)作状语：
结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
作用：一般用于说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随等情况。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·福建高考写作佳句)Being poor, the boy couldn't afford even a candle.(要点句)
(2)(2017·天津高考写作佳句)Much interested in the activity, I would like to apply to be a volunteer.(要点句)
(3)(2013·江西高考写作佳句)After a whole day's hiking, we arrived home, tired and hungry.(总结句)

[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
make way for, bring ... back to life, look out for, come up with, by tradition, lead the way, pass on ... to, side by side
1．Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back_to_life,_they probably could not survive in the present environment.
2．When older men retired they made_way_for younger men to take their places.
3．The director received us and led_the_way into one of the buildings.
4．The old people can pass_on their knowledge and experience to their next generation.
5．30 years ago, scientists came_up_with the theory that protons and neutrons are composed of three smaller particles.
6．The couple walked along the street side_by_side.
7．When you're eating fish, look_out_for the bones.
8．In many countries, mothers stayed home with their children by_tradition.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The little girl was walking in the street, cold_and_hungry.
小女孩走在街上，又冷又饿。
2．Luckily he reminded me. Otherwise_I'd_have_forgotten all about it.
幸亏他提醒了我，要不然我早忘了。
3．We think_it_wrong_to_leave_the_child_alone in the house.
我们认为把小孩子单独留在房子里是错误的。
4．She_must_have_made_full_preparations_for_the_interview,_for she looked very confident.
她肯定是做好了面试的充分准备，因为她看起来很自信。
5．Pass_the_letter_on_to_the_person sitting next to you.
把信传给坐在你旁边的人。
Ⅲ.分步写作
第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会将于2022年2月在北京和张家口市联合举行。现面向社会招募志愿者。假如你是李华，请根据自己的情况写一封申请信。内容包括：
1．热爱体育；
2．英语流利；
3．性格外向开朗；有组织能力。
注意：词数100左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have heard the news that you are recruiting volunteers for the Winter Olympic Games to be held in 2022.
　
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
作为应用文，申请信的写作格式还是有章可循的。文章一般分为三部分：提出申请；说明理由；结束语(客气请求)。申请信的时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。根据题目要求，本文写作要点可以从以下三方面着手：一、简要说明信息来源，并提出申请；二、突出自己的特点，说明申请的理由(热爱体育；英语流利；性格外向开朗；有组织能力)；三、总结自己的优势，请求给予机会。这几个要点在题目中都已经给出，所以相对来说难度不大，只需注意英语的地道表达即可。
要点1：我写信申请成为其中的一名志愿者。(apply)
I_am_writing_to_apply_to_be_one_of_the_volunteers.
要点2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动。(love)
I_love_sports_very_much.
要点2－②：我能流利地说英语。(fluently)
_I_can_speak_English_fluently.
要点2－③：我有组织活动的能力，而且性格外向。(organize activities, outgoing)
I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_and_I_am_outgoing.
要点3－①：我认为我可以胜任这一职位。(be qualified for)
I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position.
要点3－②：我希望你能考虑我的申请，给我一次机会。(consider, offer sb.an opportunity)
I_hope_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity.

第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
本文的重点在于要点2中对自己优势的介绍，写作时应对要点2进行优化，主要是点出自己的特长在申请该职位时所具有的优势，增加说服力。要点3可以用上更客气的表达“I would be grateful if ...”句式。
拓展2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动，所以我可以投入我所有的精力为比赛服务。(so ... that ..., devote ... to)
I_love_sports_so_much_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_Games.
拓展2－②：我能流利地说英语，这使我更容易帮助有困难的外国人。(which引导的定语从句， make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.)
I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble.
拓展2－③：我不但有组织活动的能力，而且性格外向，精力充沛，这有助于我与陌生人交流。(not only ... but also, which引导的定语从句， benefit, communicate)
Not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.
拓展3－②：如果你能在方便时考虑一下我的申请并给我一次机会，我将不胜感激。(I would be grateful if ...)
I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity_at_your_convenience.

第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
写作时可按句子的逻辑意义、事情的发展顺序等用so, besides, meanwhile, everything taken into account等作好衔接过渡。此外，作为一封申请信，应在文中加入自己的基本信息，并在文章结尾处表达期待对方的回复。
Dear_Sir_or_Madam，
I_have_heard_the_news_that_you_are_recruiting_volunteers_for_the_Winter_Olympic_Games_to_be_held_in_2022.So_I_am_writing_to_apply_to_be_one_of_the_volunteers.
I_am_Li_Hua,_an_18­year­old_boy._I_love_sports_so_much_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_Games._Besides,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble._Meanwhile,_not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.
Everything_taken_into_account,_I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position._I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity_at_your_convenience.
Looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua




理清文体结构之(十一)　议论文之总分结构——找到论点、论证过程是关键

“总分结构”议论文最显著的特点是论点伴随事例在文章开头部分提出，事例往往是铺垫，是提出论点的前奏。随之而来的是论证过程。该论证过程中常常采用分层逐条论述。抓住了此类文章的结构特点，再结合题目要求，便能快速到原文中定位信息区间，从而正确解题。

[找论点、论证过程]
[高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A篇
[读文解题技法]
◄
　　论点
分：论证过程
影响1
影响2
影响3
　提出建议
[1]“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
[2]With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”
[3]Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
[4]An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
[5]If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感)．
[6]Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
[7]The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
1.速读全文找论点
本文以事例开头，引出全文的论点：闲话的三个方面的影响，即第三段的最后一句。
2.细读文章找论证过程
本文按论点提出的顺序从三个方面论证了闲话对人们的影响。
①闲话伤人(影响1)
②闲话给人一种满足感(影响2)
③闲话影响人的举止行为并举例加以说明(影响3)
3.针对影响提出建议

[抓关键词定位信息区间]
41．The author at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A．introduce a topic　　　 　B．present an argument
C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose
43．In the author’s opinion, it ________.
A．gives them a feeling of pleasure
B．helps them to make more friends
C．makes them better at telling stories
D．enables them to meet important people
45．What does the author give in the passage?
A．Never become a gossiper.
B．Stay away from gossipers.
C．Don’t let gossip turn into lies.
D．Think twice before you gossip.
[答案]　41.A　43.A　45.D
41．用对话第1、2段第3段的论点，由此便知答案。
43．原因“影响2”，比对可得出答案。
45．建议第七段得出答案。