2020版一轮复习英语译林江苏专版学案：必修5Unit2Theenvironment
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Unit 2 The environment
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
2．clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
3．administration n. 管理，管理部门；施行；(美国)政府
4．conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护
5．fuel n. 燃料
vt. & vi. 提供燃料；加油
6．businessman n. (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家
[第二屏听写]
7．raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的
8．tax n. 税，税款
9．plant n. 工厂；发电厂
10．customs n. 海关；关税
11．oxygen n. 氧气
12．carbon n. 碳
13．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆
14．petrol n. 汽油
[第三屏听写]
15．soil n． 土壤
16．*economy n. 经济(情况)；经济体
17．spokeswoman n. 女发言人
18．*billion n. 十亿
19．pipe n. 管子，管道
20．seafood n. 海味，海鲜
21．pump vt. & vi. 用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；涌出，涌流
n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒
[第四屏听写]
22．feather n． 羽毛
23．tortoise n. 陆龟
24．blanket n. 毯子；厚的覆盖层
25．*economic adj. 经济的
26．*desertification n. 沙漠化
27．crop n. 庄稼，农作物
28．fence n. 栅栏，篱笆，围栏
[第五屏听写]
29．bush n． 灌木
30．drill vi. & vt. 钻(孔)，打(眼)
n. 操练，训练
31．satellite n. 人造卫星
32．typhoon n. 台风
33．whiteflag dolphin n. 白鳍豚
34．lowcarbon adj. 低碳的
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第六屏听写]
1．debate n. & vi. 辩论；争论，讨论
2．recycle vt. & vi. 回收利用
3．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
4．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
5．arrest vt. & n. 逮捕
6．decade n. 十年
7．climate n. 气候
[第七屏听写]
8．engine n． 发动机，引擎
9．goods n. 商品，货品
10．duty n. 责任，义务，本分
11．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
12．queue vi. 排队等候
n. 队，行列
13．quantity n. 数量
[第八屏听写]
14．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
15．decrease vt. & vi. & n. 减少
16．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度
vt. 测量；估量，判定
17．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt. & vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
[第九屏听写]
18．range n． 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. & vt. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
19．particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
20．consultant n. 顾问
21．production n. 产量；生产
22．responsibility n. 责任，职责
23．belief n. 看法；信念
[第十屏听写]
24．environmental adj. 环境的
25．operate vt. & vi. 经营；动手术
26．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者
27．impress vt. 使印象深刻
28．illegal adj. 违法的，非法的
29．appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会
30．electrical adj. 电的，用电的
[第十一屏听写]
31．consume vt. 消耗，耗费；消费
32．absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注
33．in_particular 特别，尤其
34．do_one's_part 尽自己的职责
35．let_off 排放
36．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
37．under_way 进行中
[第十二屏听写]
38．pick_out 找出，挑选
39．queue_up 排队等候
40．use_up 用尽
41．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
42．clean_up 打扫干净
43．cut_back_on 减少，消减，缩减
44．open_the_floor 自由发言
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识
记
单
词
写
对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
2.clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
3.administration n. 管理部门；施行；政府
4.conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护
5.fuel n. 燃料
vt. & vi. 提供燃料；加油
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.debate n．& vi. 辩论；争论，讨论
2.recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用
3.greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
4.willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
5.arrest vt.& n. 逮捕
6.decade n. 十年
7.climate n. 气候
8.engine n． 发动机，引擎
9.goods n. 商品，货品
10.duty n. 责任，义务，本分
11.credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；
信用，信誉；学分
12.queue vi. 排队等候
n. 队，行列
核心单词练通
1.Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantities (数量) to satisfy demand.
2.Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (冲突)．
3.Bank base rates have fallen from 10 percent to 6 percent — a decrease (减少) of 40 percent.
4.We must take preventive measures (措施) to reduce crime in the area.
5.The temperature ranges (在一定范围内变化) between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade on average.
6.Many streams have flooded (淹没) their banks, making some roads impassable.
7.The police haven't really done anything for the black community in particular (特别的)．
8.In order to appreciate (欣赏) the novel, one must be able to enter the spirit of the work.
9.It is illegal (非法的) and can endanger other people's lives.
10.They held a party to celebrate the arrival (到来) of the New Year.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.consultant n．顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议
2.production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n．产品；产物
3.responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的；尽责的
4.belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5.environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境
6.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员
7.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
8.electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流
9.consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费
10.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收
[用准用活]
1.This month, they have increased production and produced twice as many products as they did last month.(produce)
2.To be a responsible person, we should learn to take responsibility for what we did.(responsible)
3.The parents decided to have the doctor operate on their son's head and the operation will have been arranged next week.(operate)
4.I always hold the belief that we must believe in ourselves and our fate is in our own hands.(believe)
5.His impressive performance leaves a deep impression on everyone present.(impress)
6.Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.(environment)
7.Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption.(consume)
8.Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and sleep. His absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)
⇩
1.可怕的“自然灾害”
①flood 洪水
②typhoon 台风
③tsunami 海啸
④tornado 龙卷风
⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴
⑥earthquake 地震
⑦eruption (火山)喷发
⑧hurricane 飓风
2.帮您记“sult”易混词
①consult v． 查阅；请教
②consultant n. 顾问，咨询师
③insult n. 侮辱(的言行)
④result n. 结果
3．“感激”家族
①appreciate ②appreciation
③grateful ④gratitude
⑤thank ⑥thankful
4.速记“环境”相关词
①environment n． 环境
②environmental adj. 环境的
③pollution n. 污染
④waste n. 废料，垃圾
⑤atmosphere n. 大气层
⑥natural adj. 自然的
⑦haze n. 雾霾
⑧fog n. 雾
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第一组
1.cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减
2.queue_up 排队等候
3.pick_out 找出，挑选
4.let_off 排放
5.do_one's_part 尽自己的职责
6.put_..._in_danger 把……置于危险之地
In the past decades, the administration hasn't ①done_its_part in environmental conservation. Now many businessmen are willing to ②cut_back_on the production of vehicles in order to reduce to ③let_off carbon dioxide.
第二组
1.open_the_floor 自由发言
2.use_up 用尽
3.run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
4.clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
5.in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
6.ask_around 四处打听
The population of the world is growing larger, and we are ①using_up natural resources. What if they ②run_out? ③In/With_regard_to the topic, we held a class meeting and all of the class ④opened_the_floor at the meeting.
第三组
1.under_way 进行中
2.in_particular 尤其，特别
3.result_in 导致
4.rely_on_..._for_... 依赖……提供……
5.blame_..._on_... 把……归咎于……
6.in_use 在使用中
With the development of society, more and more families own their private cars, which has ①resulted_in the decline of public transport, because many people ②rely_on_ cars for transportation. Some experts ③blame the worsening environment on cars, and they appeal to people to use public transport more frequently. Meanwhile, more and more undergrounds will be ④in_use in the near future.
⇩
1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃
①turn up 出现，到场
②make up 组成；弥补；编造
③pick up 捡起，拾起；学到
④speed up 加速
⑤link up 联合，连接
⑥use up 用尽
2.let 短语一览
①let alone 不管；不打扰
②let down 放下；使失望
③let out 放出；泄露；出租
④let off 排放
⑤let pass 放过；不追究
⑥let in 允许进入；容许
3.“in＋n.”短语联想
①in particular 尤其，特别
②in turn 依次，反过来
③in common 共同，共用
④in detail 详细地
⑤in general 普遍地，一般地
⑥in use 在使用中
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。
表示处所或方位的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，句子使用完全倒装。
窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
By_the_window_sat_a_young_man with a magazine in his hand.
2.The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。
倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句。
(2017·天津高考写作佳句)现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍多。
Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice_what_it_was ten years ago.
3.I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
like it ＋ when从句。
(2016·天津高考单选)我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙了，不能跟她交谈。
I hate_it_when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
4.Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
“the＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，越……”。
(2016·四川高考阅读)你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。
The_more_fat you take in before bedtime, the_greater_burden you will put on your body at night.
考点新组合
阅读微技能
As a citizen, we should take some measures to protect our environment. Firstly, it's very essential for us to have ❶________ (责任感). Secondly, we should change our living styles, ❷and try to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide. Above all, we should try our best to cut back on the pressure of the environment in order to live a better life.
1.①处应填入短语a_sense_of_responsibility。
2.用非谓语形式改写②处trying_to_decrease_emissions_of_carbon_dioxide。
1．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中measure的含义
①The center has over 300 scientists devoted to finding effective measures that will stop desertification.措施
②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度
④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量
⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量
[系统考点]
(1)be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ... to sb.'s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
[练通重点] 完成句子
⑥In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to_my_own_measure (照着我的尺寸) with Spring Festival coming.
⑦Right now, the government should take_powerful_measures (采取强有力的措施) to push the state's economy forward.
⑧Education should not be_measured_purely_by/in_examination_results (单纯用考试结果来衡量).
[名师指津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。
2．responsibility n．责任，职责
(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ... 有责任/有义务做……
bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任
[多角练透]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to_make (make) good use of water.
②We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
句型转换
③Police believe that the same man takes the responsibility for three other murders in the area.
→Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.
完成句子
④If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (强烈的责任感)．
⑤There is no doubt that we human beings should take_responsibility_for (为……负责) the earth's becoming warmer and warmer.
3．decrease vt. & vi.& n．减少
(1)decrease to 减少到
decrease by 减少了
decrease from ... to ... 从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
[多角练透]
完成句子
①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (从198个减少到96个)．
②To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在减少)．
③Population growth is decreasing_by (减少了) 1.4% each year.
单句写作
④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.
4．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
[归纳拓展]
❶cut across/through 抄近路穿过
❷cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)
❸cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝
❹cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小
❺cut up 切碎
[应用领悟]
①Consumers cut back on spending for food as well.
消费者还削减了食品开支。
②It is impolite of children to cut in when their seniors are talking.
长辈谈话时，小孩子插嘴是不礼貌的。
③The power supply has been cut off because we forgot to pay the bill.
因为我们忘记了缴费，所以电源被切断了。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Jenny has read a lot of books, knowing about a quantity of knowledge ranging from literature, history, astronomy to science, etc. Our classmates always appreciate her. Also, we are impressed by her willingness to listen and learn. Everyone likes ❶ ________ when she listens to others and learns from them. In short, our classmates like her very much and get along with her very well.
1.Which is the characteristic of Jenny？( B )
A.Warmhearted. B．Learned.
C.Reliable. D．Kind.
2.①处应填：it。
5．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中range的含义
①The houses are sold out within this price range.范围
②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脉
③He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.(在一定范围内)变化
④The company manufactures a range of innovative lightweight cycles.一系列
⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程
[系统考点]
(1)in/within range (of sth.) 在(……的)范围内
beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范围外
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ...
在……和……范围内变化
[练通重点]
完成句子
⑥A_wide_range_of_ colors and patterns are available.
各种颜色和样式都有。
⑦Be sure that the game you select is within_the_range_of students' ability.
确保你选的游戏在学生能力范围之内。
⑧He has had a number of different jobs, ranging_from_chef_to_swimming_instructor.
他做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
[真题印证]
⑨(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants.
A．ranging B．range
C．to range D．ranged
解析：选A 考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用非谓语动词，且空格处与其逻辑主语“a large collection of wildlife”之间是主动关系，故选A。
6．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 欣赏/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
[多角练透]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①I really appreciate cooperating (cooperate) with someone who does such a good job.
②Show them your appreciation (appreciate) by purchasing their goods.
单句写作
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你能方便时尽快回复我的信件我将不胜感激。
I'll_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience.
7．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记
(1)impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind)使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的
[多角练透]
介词填空
①The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
②My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me.
用所给词的适当形式填空
③The experience has a deep impression (impress) on me.
④Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most_impressive (impress) one.
完成句子
⑤The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (给……留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
⑥We will be_impressed_with/at/by (对……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.
8．it作形式宾语
[教材原句] I liked_it_when you told that joke.
我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。
(1)在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要先接形式宾语it，然后再接真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后接真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。
①I hate_it_when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌别人满嘴食物说话。
②I don't like_it_when the weather gets really cold.
当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。
③When you start the engine, you must see_to_it_that the car is neutral.
启动发动机的时候，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Some student volunteers, ❶including me went to the flooded area to do assistance work. Having known the supplies were ❷running_out,_we donated money, food and clothes to help the victims. There, we did many things, in particular some psychological comfort.❸________ (令我们极为宽慰的是), the victims didn't give up and held the belief that their life would be better and better.
1.①处including me意为“包括我”，等同于me included。
2.用同义短语替换②处短语giving_out。
3.补全③处内容To_our_great_relief/Much_to_our_relief。
9．flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量vt.(被)淹没vi.泛滥；大量涌入；涌上心头
[一词多义] 写出下列句中flood的词性和含义
①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home. vt.(被)淹没
②Hadn't the reservoir been built, there would have been a terrible flood.n.洪水，水灾
③If a river floods, it is too full and spreads water over the land around it.vi.泛滥
④They could suddenly afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country.n.大批，大量
⑤I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front.vi.涌上心头
10．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
(1)be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别
[多角练透]
单项填空
①(2019·扬州高三调研)Recent studies have discovered that fathers uniquely contribute to the development of their children, ________ in lowincome families.
A．specially B．definitely
C．specifically D．particularly
解析：选D 句意：最近的研究发现，父亲对孩子的成长有独特的作用。对于低收入家庭来说尤其如此。specially“特别地，专门地”，强调目的性；definitely“明确地，确切地”；specifically“具体地”；particularly“特别，尤其”。particularly与especially的用法相似，可用作插入语，对后面陈述的内容进行强调。故答案为D。
介词填空
②It is known that the British are rather particular about table manners.
③It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.
11．belief n．看法；信念
beyond belief 难以置信
have a belief in 相信
hold the belief that ... 持有……信心
[题点全练] 完成句子
①We have_a_sincere_belief_in (由衷地相信) the power of art to enhance human life.
②It's beyond_belief (难以置信) that a 14yearold girl could break the provincial high jump record.
③He held_the_belief_that (持有……信心) we will find a cure for cancer in the future.
12．run out (of) 用完，耗尽
[归纳拓展]
❶run into 撞进；遭遇；达到
❷run across 偶然遇到；穿过
❸run after 追求；追赶，追逐
❹run away 逃离；突然离开
[应用领悟]
①If you run after two hares, you'll catch neither.
(谚)脚踏两条船，必定落空。
②I ran across some old letters while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在清理柜子时偶然发现了一些以前的信件。
③My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
在去海滩的路上，我的车因为汽油耗尽而抛锚了。
[辨析比较]
run out
“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
run out of
“用完”，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
give out
“耗尽，用完”，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物
use up
“用光，用完”，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
考点新组合
阅读微技能
There may be some conflicts when you have many things to deal with. You should pick out the more important things to do. Besides, when you are up to something, ❶the more absorbed you are in doing it, the fewer mistakes you will make. You should make sure you can operate continuously and force ❷________ yourself to focus it.
1.①处句子结构为the＋比较级_．..，the＋比较级_．..，意为越……，越……。
2.②处应填：on。
13．conflict vi.冲突，抵触n.冲突；矛盾；分歧
[题点全练] 介词填空
①If your schedule conflicts with life's schedule, life will win out.
②She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
③It is reported that some workers on strike come into conflict with the police.
14．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中absorb的含义
①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神贯注
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收
[系统考点]
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
[练通重点]
完成句子
③A good book could absorb_our_attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.
一本好书能彻底地吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉周围的一切。
句式升级
④He was absorbed in writing a letter.He didn't even look up when I came in.(用过去分词作状语合并句子)
→Absorbed_in_writing_a_letter,_he_didn't_even_look_up_when_I_came_in.
[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似用法的还有：
①be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught/trapped in ... 被困在……
③be buried in ... 埋头于……
④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
⑤be occupied in... 忙于……
⑥be involved in ... 专注于……
15．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中operate的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转
②It's too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作
③The doctor said he had operated on the patient.动手术
④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用
⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营
[系统考点]
(1)operate on sb. (for ...) (因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作
come/go into operation 生效，实行
be in operation 运转中，实施中
operator n. 操作员；接线员
[练通重点]
用operate的适当形式填空
⑥He dialed the operator and put in a call to Rome.
⑦To our surprise, the operation on her heart lasted three hours.
完成句子
⑧The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate_on_him_immediately_for_his_heart_disease (立刻给他动手术治心脏病)．
⑨The new law will come_into_operation (生效) by midnight tomorrow.
⑩Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (机器运转时)．
16．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中pick out的含义
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨认出
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会
[系统考点]
pick up 拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染
pick one's pocket 扒窃；掏包
[练通重点]
单项填空
④It's surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.
A．picked up B．looked up
C．put up D．made up
解析：选A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。pick up“(无意之间、偶然地)学会”；look up“(在书籍中)查找”；put up“张贴；搭建”；make up“构成；编造”。根据句意选A。
完成句子
⑤My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.
在医院待了几天，我的朋友开始好转。
⑥On the way home, he found his_pocket_picked.
在回家的路上，他发现他的钱包被扒窃了。
17．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...
[教材原句] Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，其用法如下：
(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。
(3)此结构可以用省略形式。
①The_more you know, the_more you will realize how little you know.
你知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。
②The_more_we_listened_to the teacher, the more we understood.
我们听老师讲得越多，我们就懂得越多。
③The_more_you_practise,_the better you will speak English.
你英语练得越多，就会说得越好。
④The_busier,_the happier.
越忙越幸福。
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I appreciated (欣赏) your generosity in the matter.
2．The government has announced a package of measures (措施) to help the British film industry.
3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (减少)．
4．There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing (愿意) to answer.
5．Imbalance in global development has widened.International and local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.
6．The trees on the mountains within my range (范围) of vision had all been felled.
7．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.
8．We debated (辩论) for several hours on it before taking a vote.
9．If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．When I opened the door, I found my mother seated in her chair, completely ________ in a magazine.
A．absorbing B．absorbed
C．being absorbed D．to absorb
解析：选B 句意：当我打开门时，我发现母亲正坐在椅子上，全神贯注地读杂志。be absorbed in ...“全神贯注于……”，此处用其过去分词形式，与seated共同作宾语补足语。
2．After the big job was finished, the builder ________ the number of men working for him.
A．cut off B．cut back on
C．cut up D．cut in
解析：选B 句意：重要的工作结束后， 建造者减少了为他工作的人数。cut off“切断”；cut up“切碎”；cut in“插嘴”；cut back on“减少，缩减”。
3．Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before the water we had in the bottle ________.
A．ran out of B．ran away
C．ran out D．ran off
解析：选C 后半句句意：但我们必须在瓶子中的水用完之前找到一个水池。run out“用光”，属于不及物动词短语，其主语常为物，其后不跟宾语。run out of“用光”，属于及物动词短语，后面要跟宾语；run away“逃跑”；run off“逃跑，逃走”。
4．To our surprise, we got ________ people to attend the meeting as we expected.
A．as twice B．twice many
C．twice many as D．twice as many
解析：选D 句意：令我们惊讶的是，出席会议的人数是我们预期的两倍。分析句子及选项可知，此处考查的是倍数表达法，其形式为：A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋B。故选D项。
5．(2019·苏北四市模拟)The educational expert's speech ________ a new round of consultation from parents about children's domestic education.
A．put off B．left off
C．let off D．kicked off
解析：选D 句意：教育专家的演讲开启了新一轮家长咨询孩子家庭教育的高潮。put off“推迟”；leave off“停止，中断，遗漏”；let off“排放”；kick off“开始”。根据句意可知选D。
6．—Would you like this gold necklace, Madam?
—It's beautiful, but out of my price ________.
A．control B．reach
C．aim D．range
解析：选D 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：“你喜欢这条金项链吗，女士？”“它很漂亮，但是我买不起。”out of one's price range“超出某人能承受的价格范围”，与句意相符。
7．We are eager to raise people's awareness about our environment in ________ and water pollution in ________ because more and more people are lacking clean fresh water.
A．particular; general B．common; particular
C．average; common D．general; particular
解析：选D 句意：我们渴望普遍提高人们的环保意识，尤其是与水污染相关的，因为越来越多的人得不到干净的淡水。in particular“特别，尤其”；in general“总体上”；in common“共同的”；on average“平均”。
8．Enormous quantities of money ________ to the earthquake victims and their daily lives are gradually improving.
A．is being sent B．have sent
C．has been sent D．have been sent
解析：选D a quantity (of)，(large) quantities (of)作为主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词应由quantity的单复数形式决定；根据句意可知，send这一动作发生在are gradually improving之前，再结合四个备选项可知应用现在完成时态；又因send与enormous quantities of money之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。所以选D。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He feels that the media should_be_more_responsible_for what they report.
他觉得媒体应该对他们报道的内容更负责任些。
2．I_dislike_it_when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
我不喜欢被单独留下来和陌生人谈话。
3．He was_so_absorbed_in working on problems that he forgot his surroundings.
他全神贯注于做题以至于忘记了周围的环境。
4．They call on people and the government to_take_measures_to_fight_against the river pollution.
他们号召人们和政府采取措施来与河流污染作斗争。
5．The_more_exercise you take, the_stronger you are.
你锻炼得越多，身体就越强壮。
Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括
阅读本单元Project部分，试着以约30个词概括第一篇课文“Protecting the Yangtze River”第一、二段(P38，L1－11)总的段落大意。
The pollution of the Yangtze River is getting more and more serious. Fish and wildlife living in or along the river are in great danger. Many people now know it important to protect the river.
