2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：选修8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．random adj.　任意的；随机的
2．tension n. 紧张关系
3．autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的
4．defeat n. 失败
5．sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛
6．glory n. 光荣；荣誉
7．abstract adj. 抽象的
8．aid n. 帮助
9．consistent adj. 一致的；吻合的
10．deliberately adv. 蓄意地，故意地
11．pray v. 祷告；祈祷
12．swear v. 起誓保证
13．acute adj. 剧烈的；激烈的
14.dignity n．　尊贵；尊严
15．authority n. 权力；权威
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
2．burst v. 爆炸
3．view v. 看，观察
4．decade n. 十年
5．deed n. 行为
6．accuse v. 指责
7. impact n. 影响，作用
8．accustomed adj. 习惯的
9．acknowledge v. 承认；认为
10．foresee v. 预知；预见
11．rational adj. 理智的；合理的
12．broad adj. 丰富的；广泛的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．relief n．安慰；宽慰→relieve v．安慰；宽慰
2．sympathy n．同情；同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的
3．stable adj.稳定的；安定的→stability n．稳定；安定
4．consult v．咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问
5．dramatic adj.给人深刻印象的；戏剧性的→drama n．戏剧
6．observation n．观察；监视→observe v．观察；遵守
7．assume v．假定，假设→assumption n．假定，假设
8．patience n．耐心→patient adj.耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地
9．depend v．依靠；取决于→dependent adj.依赖的→dependence n．依赖，依靠→independence n．独立；自立
10．advanced adj.高级的，先进的→advance n．进步；进展
11．devotion n．忠诚→devote v．致力于→devoted adj.忠诚的
12．invasion n．入侵→invade v．侵略，侵占→invader n．侵略者
13．commitment n．忠诚；奉献→commit v．保证；承诺，忠于；投入；做出(错事)；犯(罪)
[语境活用]
1．Although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently.(patient)
2．At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband.After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)
3．Mr Black is my devoted friend, who devotes his life to doing scientific research.I respect his devotion to science.(devote)
4．It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)
5．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.(advance)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_spite_of　不管，尽管，不顾
2．at_the_very_beginning_of 在……一开始的时候
3．a_series_of 一系列的；一连串的
4．accuse_sb.of_doing_sth. 指责某人做某事
5．pray_for 祈望；祈求
6．set_in_motion 使某事开始
7．set_out 开始做；着手进行；陈述
8．in_relief 欣慰地
9．make_it 成功；做成
10．be_similar_to 与……相似的
1.It is much to her credit that Mary continued to work in_spite_of all the difficulties.
2．The football player was accused_of taking money for not scoring goals on purpose.
3．I know it is time for me to set_out to do my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games.
4．Sir, please give me some money to buy some food.I will pray_for your health and long life.
5．Lucy failed in the computer test last time while I made_it.
6．The way which he thought of to do the experiment was_similar_to the way you carried it out.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。
“no＋比较级＋than”表示“同……一样不”。
这两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事和那个故事一样都很无趣。
I like neither of the two stories, for this story is no_more_interesting_than that one.
2....little did he know what impact he was going to make.
……他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。
否定词前置，句子用部分倒装。
(2016·10月浙江高考写作)她几乎不能想象她丈夫会乘直升机找她。
Hardly can_she_imagine_that her husband searches for her by helicopter.
3.Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ...
尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……
as/though 引导让步状语从句，应使用倒装结构。
(2016·10月浙江高考写作)尽管累得疲惫不堪，她还是设法用她的黄色衬衫做了一面旗帜。
Tired_and_exhausted_as_she_was,_she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse.

二、课堂重点深化

1．accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The students quickly accustomed themselves (they)to the new timetable, which excited the teachers.
②As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.
　[系统归纳]
(1)be accustomed/used to (doing) sth.　　 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom oneself/sb.to (doing) sth. 使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③他习惯了每天早晨5点半起床。
He_has_been_accustomed_to_getting_up_at_5：30_every_morning.
2．assume v．假定，假设；认为；承担
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①If you make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.
②It is assumed that global warming and climate change can cause even more disasters in the future.
　

[系统归纳]
(1)assume ...to be ...　　　　 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③假设你行走的道路是平坦的，你可以按下红色的按钮，这可以帮助你的鞋子变成一个有两个滚轮的溜冰鞋，你可以快速到达目的地。
Assuming_the_road_you_are_walking_on_is_flat,_you can press the red button, which helps your shoes change into a roller skate with two rollers and you can reach your destination quickly.
僻义牢牢记
④I will assume responsibility for any mistakes.承担
3．acknowledge v．承认；认为；告知收到(信件、礼物等)；感谢
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing (steal) the lady's purse.
②Mark Twain is acknowledged to_be (be) one of the best writers in America.
　[系统归纳]
acknowledge sth./that ...　　　　　　　 承认……
acknowledge doing ... 承认做过……
acknowledge ...as/to be认为…… 是(常用被动形式)
It is widely/universally acknowledged that ... 普遍认为……
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③人们普遍认为，如果没有坚强的意志和毅力，一个人就不会成功。
It_is_widely/universally_acknowledged_that one cannot succeed without a strong will and persistence.
僻义牢牢记
④I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.感谢
4．accuse v．指责；控告
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①To our great relief, the producers got accused (accuse) and punished for all the serious consequences in the end.
②I remembered stories where people offered their hands but were later accused of causing the accidents.
[系统归纳]
accuse sb.of (doing) sth.
＝charge sb.with (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事
accuse sb.for sth.　　　　　　 为某事指责某人
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
她的儿子被警方指控诈骗，这让她辗转难眠。
③Her son was_accused_of_cheating by the police, which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.(accuse)
④Her son was_charged_with_cheating by the police, which made it difficult for her to go to sleep.(charge)

动词accuse可构成accuse sb.of sth.结构，类似的动词短语还有：
①remind sb.of sth.　　　　　提醒某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③rid sb.of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
④inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事
⑤cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病
⑥suspect sb.of sth. 怀疑某人某事
⑦warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
⑧convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
5．consult v．咨询；请教；商量，磋商；查阅；顾及
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant (consult) was already there.
②Why didn't you consult with me about such an important matter?
　[系统归纳]
(1)consult sb.about sth.　　　 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb.about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事
consult a doctor 向医生求诊
consult a dictionary 查词典
(2)consultant n. 顾问
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③由于我今年六月即将毕业并打算不久到英国深造，我想向你咨询一下雅思考试。
As I am graduating this June and planning to further study in Britain soon, I want_to_consult_you_about IELTS.

1．set out开始做；着手进行；打算；故意
　[系统归纳]
set off　　　　　　　　　 出发；引起；使爆炸
set down 写下；记下
set aside 把……放在一边；留出
set up 建立；竖立；搭建
set in 以……为背景
　[重点强化]
用适当的介、副词填空
①Little Tom and his father set off for America last week.
②The film was set in a town which is now part of Jiangsu Province.
③At five in the morning she set out to prepare breakfast for her family.
④Some doctors advise setting aside a certain hour each day for exercise.
佳句时时写
⑤我很高兴听说你即将前往郑州参加外国学生汉语演讲比赛。
I am glad to know that you are_going_to_set_out/off_for_Zhengzhou_to_attend the Chinese speech competition for foreign students.
2．as引导的让步状语从句
　[教材原句]　Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ...
　[自主体验]
①Child_as_he_is,_he likes to be treated like an adult.
尽管他是个孩子，但他喜欢被当成成年人对待。
②Hard_as_he_studies,_he often fails in the exams.
尽管他学习很刻苦，但他经常考试不及格。
③Small_as_it_is,_the ant is as much a creature as all other animals on the earth.
虽然很小，但蚂蚁和地球上的其他动物是一样的。
④Try_as_you_may,_you won't be able to persuade him.
尽管你想方设法，但你不能说服他。
　[归纳点拨]
用
法
规
则
as引导让步状语从句的常见形式：
(1)单数可数名词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分
(2)副词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分
(3)形容词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分
(4)动词原形＋as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分
注
意
事
项
(1)as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需提到从句句首，而且作表语的单数可数名词前不能加冠词。
(2)though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)Fail as I did, I would never give up.
②(增分要点句)Hard as she works, she makes very slow progress.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“太空探索”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——太空探索
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①spaceship　　　 ②fresh ③explore ④advanced
⑤rocket ⑥prevent ⑦satellite ⑧earth
⑨sun ⑩moon ⑪Mars ⑫planet
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①launch vt.　　 发射 ②astronaut n．　 宇航员
③vacuum n. 真空；空白 ④telescope n. 望远镜
⑤universe n. 宇宙 ⑥orbit n． (天体等的)运行轨道
⑦marvelous adj. 惊人的 ⑧monitor vt. 监测；监控
⑨data n. 资料 ⑩shuttle n. 航天飞机
⑪foresee v. 预知；预见 ⑫statistics n. 统计数字
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①space station　　　　　　　　　 太空站；空间站
②solar system 太阳系
③space exploration 太空探索
④the outer space 外太空
⑤in the long run 从长远来看
⑥come true 实现
⑦be crazy about 对……痴迷
⑧a waste of 浪费
⑨have access to space travel 能到太空旅行
⑩return to the earth 返回地球
⑪escape the pull of the earth's gravity 逃离地球的引力
⑫get close to the moon 靠近月球
⑬conduct an experiment 进行实验
⑭manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船
(四)写作佳句背一背①I have always dreamed of making a trip into the Mars ever since I heard that Mars is most like the Earth and there could have been life on this planet.
②I want to do research on whether the Mars is a planet we humans can live on.
③China sent up its first satellite completely designed and built by middle school students in 2016.
　二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
My husband, Tom,_has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a_female_grouse (松鸡). It's unusual for a grouse to have any contact with people. In fact, they're hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
This grouse came into our lives in spring. Tom was working out in_the_field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field. She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.
Tom saw the friendly bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew fond of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.
One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom pretended he didn't see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
Apparently, she didn't like to be ignored. She'd run_up_and_peck_(啄)_at_Tom's_hands,_then back off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the game and left.
As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to come out more and more often. Eventually Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump_up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt comfortable not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.
When hunting_season opened, we put a sign at the end of our driveway asking hunters not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road, also warned people not to shoot her. In fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didn't show up.　

　
Paragraph 2：
While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses.　

　

[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了自己一家人和一只松鸡的故事。作者的丈夫Tom在田间干活时看到一只胆大的松鸡，和别的松鸡不同，它不惧怕人类，慢慢这只松鸡和作者一家越来越熟悉，甚至还会飞到Tom身上。后来这只松鸡和人们相处得越来越和谐，不但作者一家非常喜欢它，而且连猎人都驻足拍照留念。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要善待动物，并与它们和谐相处。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
Tom, a female grouse, my father, hunters
what
My husband befriended a female grouse.
when
hunting season, spring, summer
where
in the field
why
My husband has always been good with animals.

2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人与动物：Tom, a female grouse, Mildred, hunter
★时间、地点：hunting season, spring, in the field
★动作与心理描写：run up and peck at Tom's hands, jump up, shoot
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didn't show up.
有一天，当汤姆像往常一样工作时，Mildred没有出现。
[情节分析]　由文章最后结尾部分可知时间是hunting season，Mildred不见了，首先去寻找，打听其下落，但结果仍没有找到，考虑到是打猎季节，松鸡是不是被猎杀了？作者和丈夫一定是忐忑不安。
2．Paragraph 2：While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses.　我们都以为Mildred已经死了，第二年春天，她却带着许多可爱的小松鸡出来了。
[情节分析]　根据段首句可知，接下来的内容是描写作者和丈夫惊讶的表情，再围绕Mildred是雌松鸡写起，解释为什么前一段时间Mildred没有出现。接着描述一家人与Mildred及其孩子其乐融融的景象，续写时要把事物美好的一面展示出来。最后与前文呼应，同样也是文章主题句，即人类要与动物和谐相处。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．我们在田地里到处找她，但没有找到。
We looked for her all_over_the_field,_but failed.
2．第二天，第三天……Mildred还是没有出现。
The_next_day,_the third day ... Mildred still didn't appear.
3．汤姆非常担心，因为现在是狩猎季节。
Tom was so_worried because it was the hunting season.
4．虽然我们不愿承认，但我们认为她可能是被猎人猎杀了。
We thought she was possibly shot by hunters though_we_didn't_want_to_admit_it.
Paragraph 2：
5．你永远想象不出我们有多惊讶。
You can never imagine how_surprised_we_were.
6．我们只是忘了她是只雌松鸡。
We just_forgot she was a female grouse.
7．她整年都在照顾她的孩子。
She was looking after her babies the_whole_year.
8．当她跑上去啄汤姆的手时，我们确信她回来了。
When she ran up and pecked at Tom's hands, we were_sure she was back.
9．她像往常一样跳到汤姆的腿上，就像从没离开过一样。
She jumped up on Tom's leg as_usual just like she had never left.
10．从那时起，Mildred每天带着孩子来看我们。
Mildred came to see us every day with her babies from_then_on.
11．我们希望能一直见到她。
We hoped we could meet her all_the_time.
12．我希望我们人类可以善待这些野生动物，尽力保护它们。
I hope we human beings can be_friendly_to these wild animals and try our best to protect them.
第五步：润色升级
1．用高级词汇替换要点2中的appear。
appear→turn_up
2．用spend time doing ...改写要点7。
She_spent_the_whole_year_looking_after_her_babies.
3．用and合并要点10和要点11。
Mildred_came_to_see_us_every_day_with_her_babies_from_then_on_and_we_hoped_we_could_meet_her_all_the_time.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didn't show up. We looked for her all over the field, but failed. The next day, the third day ... Mildred still didn't turn up. Tom was so worried because it was the hunting_season. We thought she was possibly shot by hunters though we didn't want to admit it.
Paragraph 2：
While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses. You can never imagine how surprised we were. We just forgot she was a_female_grouse. She spent the whole year looking after her babies. When she ran_up_and_pecked_at_Tom's_hands,_we were sure she was back. She jumped_up on Tom's leg as usual just like she had never left. Mildred came to see us every day with her babies from then on and we hoped we could meet her all the time. I also hope we human beings can be friendly to these wild animals and try our best to protect them.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have been accustomed (习惯的) to doing strength training for an hour in the gym every day.
2．The following months witnessed (见证) my efforts, and I finally made great progress in my study.
3．When our friend is down, we need patience (耐心) to talk with him and cheer him up.
4．What's more, it's very useful for us to gain foreign advanced (先进的) experience.
5．Many people are defeated (打败) by themselves before they really meet with challenges due to the absence of confidence.
6．As a student, I've read a lot and have broad (丰富的) knowledge in many fields.
7．He is respected by his students for his devotion (忠诚) to the cause of education.
8．The last decade (十年) has seen tremendous changes in the means of transportation.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Li Guang has made ❶a series of plans of visiting the Mars.First, he must get himself ❷accustomed (accustom) to the life in the Mars probe.Second, he has to have enough ❸patience (patient) to consult the astronomer ❹about how to grasp himself when in space.Third, he ought ❺to_be (be) able to foresee what will happen once he set foot on Mars.
2．In spite of there ❶being (be) varieties of difficulties in exploring the Mars, human being sets out ❷to_land (land) on Mars.No matter ❸whether you acknowledge it or not, our motherland has made ❹rational (ration) steps to explore the space.
3．Do you know that the environment on the Mars is very similar ❶to the Earth's? If the assumption ❷that there is water on the Mars proves to be true, it will have a great impact ❸on our future life.Maybe in ❹decades (decade), every one of us will have a chance to view our Earth on the Mars.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。(as引导的让步状语从句)
Teacher_as_he_is,_he can't know everything.
2．他跟她一样都不用功。(no more ...than)
He is no_more_hardworking_than she is.
3．自从进入高中，他很少玩电脑游戏。(否定词置于句首的倒装句)
Seldom_has_he_played computer games ever since he entered senior high school.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
From the first use of the rocket to carry ❶satellites (卫星) into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great efforts into space research.And so far, we have achieved many ❷successes (succeed)．But there are still ❸numerous (number) tasks in front of us and we should not stop ❹trying (try) to progress.
The International Space Station (ISS) is an important step we should take in space ❺exploration (explore)．It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space ❻environment (环境) for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the ❼observations (observe) of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and ❽Mars (火星)．In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is set up a space station.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
space， launch， announce， take the lead， set up， craft， successfully， astronaut
The Space Race began in 1955 when both countries ❶announced that they would soon ❷launch satellites into orbit.The Soviets took the US announcement as a challenge and even ❸set_up a commission whose goal was to beat the US in putting a satellite into ❹space.On Oct.4th, 1957, the Russians placed the first successful satellite called SputnikⅠinto orbit.Thus, the Russians had ❺taken_the_lead in the Space Race.Four months later, the Americans ❻successfully launched their first satellite called the ExplorerⅠ.However, the Soviets again won the race for putting the first man into space.On Apr.12th, 1961, Yuri Gagarin was the first man to orbit the Earth in the spacecraft VostokⅠ.Three weeks later, the US launched the Freedom 7 and ❼astronaut Alan Shepherd became the first American in space.However, Shepherd's ❽craft did not orbit the Earth.It was nearly a year later that the first American, John Glenn, orbited the Earth on the Friendship 7 spacecraft.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·浙江高考)A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed (assume) was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.
2．(2016·北京高考)Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced (advance) Mathematics.
3．(2016·浙江高考)Viewing (view) childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.
4．(2015·陕西高考)Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately (deliberate) late to create impression.
5．(2014·安徽高考)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic (history) area of a city?
6．(2014·天津高考)Our city witnesses (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
7．(2014·陕西高考)To work out the difficult maths problem, I have_consulted (consult) Professor Russell several times.
8．(2013·湖北高考)Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.
9．(2012·湖南高考)From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．
10．(2010·广东高考)Her language，as I hear it，is vivid, direct, and full of observation (observe) and wisdom.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用grasp, accustomed, in spite of填空)
1．(2015·浙江高考完形填空)However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become __31__.accustomed
2．(2013·天津高考完形填空)He always puts our happiness before his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games __33__ his exhaustion after long days.in_spite_of
3．(2013·重庆高考完形填空)No one __41__ the concepts. Except for Joe.He understood them and answered all the questions correctly.grasped
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：探索太空奥秘，优化和改善人类生存环境，预防及减少人类自然灾害，探索和开发国民经济建设中急需的能源和资源是国家发展的方针政策，更是高考的热点，建议同学们多多关注太空探索的相关材料。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]On February 6, SpaceX, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket.
[2]Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn Ⅴ， which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s.“Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit — that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta Ⅳ Heavy，” Imperial College London astrophysicist David Clements told Al Jazeera.According to SpaceX, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.
[3]The rocket was designed with the idea of carrying humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars.For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $100,000 cherry­red Tesla sports car and a fake space­suited human model fixed in the driver's seat.Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”．
[4]Falcon Heavy went into space on its test flight on February 6.The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches.It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere.Minutes after take­off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
[5]SpaceX announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon.However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR.Recently, SpaceX planned to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20. It is reported that SpaceX planned to complete 30 independent launch missions, at least half of which will use Falcon 9.
语篇解读：2月6日，SpaceX公司的宇宙飞船Falcon Heavy成功发射，它是当前最大的运载火箭。
1．Which of the following can function as a rocket?
A．A 737 jet.　　　　　　　 B．Tesla.
C．Saturn Ⅴ. D．SpaceX.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn Ⅴ”自美国航空航天局的Saturn Ⅴ退役以来，Falcon Heavy是当前最大的运载火箭可知C项正确。
2．What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?
A．It is the longest rocket in the world.
B．It is of the same load as a 737 jet.
C．It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space.
D．It was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，发射地是在美国航空航天局的Cape Canaveral Air Force Station和美国佛罗里达州Kennedy Space Center，该地也用于阿波罗11号登月任务。故D项正确。
3．What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?
A．Weather conditions. B．Program error.
C．Equipment failure. D．Deliberate damage.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere.”可知，由于高层大气的强风，发射被推迟了几个小时。据此可知，由于天气的原因导致发射推迟，故A项正确。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The BFR will be completed soon.
B．The mission to launch space tourists is unknown.
C．Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9.
D．Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“SpaceX announced plans ... mission for another launch system, the BFR.”可知，SpaceX宣布计划最终使用Falcon Heavy搭载两名旅客，围绕月球进行太空旅行。不过，Musk表示，这一计划他很可能会保留给另一个发射系统——BFR。据此可以判断，围绕月球进行太空旅行还未知，故B项正确。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(14)——利用关键段推断
推理判断题的选项有时集中于文章某一段，这时要仔细阅读该段所包含的有效信息，合理进行推理判断。
以上文第4题为例：



Ⅰ.阅读理解
The moon provided a rare triple treat on January 31, when much of the world admired not only a blue moon and a visible supermoon, but also a total lunar eclipse (月食). Having all three events taking place at the same time is extremely unusual. Such celestial (天体的) coincidence hasn't happened in more than 150 years.
It's the first lunar eclipse since September of 2015. A total lunar eclipse happens when the earth comes between the sun and a full moon. The earth blocks the sun's light, making the moon appear dark in the sky.
Being the final one in a supermoon trilogy — the first two of which appeared on December 3, 2017 and January 1, 2018, it also won the title of a blue moon. A blue moon is a second full moon in one month. It is rare enough that English speakers use the expression “once in a blue moon” to describe something that does not happen often!
A supermoon is a full moon. It appears brighter and bigger than average because the moon is at its closest orbital point to the earth. The eclipsed moon appeared about 6% bigger than an average moon when it moved into the earth's shadow. In the total lunar eclipse, the earth covered the moon's surface with its shadow, giving it a red­like colour. For that reason, it is also known as a “blood moon”．
Some called the lunar event a “super blue blood moon”. Noah Petro, a scientist with the American space agency NASA, called the lunar event, “the Super Bowl of moons”．
语篇解读：2018年1月31日月亮给全世界大部分地方带来了三重乐趣——蓝月亮、超级月亮和月全食。下次要想看到这样的超级蓝血月，还要再等待152年。
1．The underlined word “triple” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to ________.
A．dozen　　　　　　　　　　 　B．double
C．three D．multiple
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的three events 以及画线词其后的内容“世界上很多地方不仅将会看到蓝月亮和超级月亮，还会看到月全食”可知画线词义为“三”，故选项C正确。
2．Why was the lunar eclipse on January 31 called a blue moon?
A．Because it was also a blood moon.
B．Because it was the second full moon of January.
C．Because such phenomenon hasn't taken place since 2015.
D．Because the moon had a blue­like color.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的介绍可知这次天文现象被叫作蓝月亮，是因为它是一月份的第二次满月，而非是蓝色的月亮。故选项B正确。
3．A total lunar eclipse will happen when ________.
A．the moon moves into the sun's shadow
B．the earth moves into the sun's shadow
C．the moon is closest to the earth
D．the earth between the sun and the moon blocks the sun's light
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段介绍可知当地球运行到太阳和满月之间就会发生月全食。地球遮挡了太阳的光线，使得月亮在天空中变暗，这时就会发生月全食，故选项D正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to learn a foreign language
__1__
This might sound obvious, but if you don't have a good reason for learning a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long run. Wanting to impress English­speakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a French person in his or her own language is another matter entirely.
Have fun with it.
Using your new language in any way is a creative act. You can practice the language by writing and recording songs. __2__ Making a radio play with a friend, writing a poem and talking to whomever you can are all good ways to make it pleasant to learn a foreign language.
Act like a kid.
The key to learning as quickly as a child may be to simply take on certain childlike attitudes. As kids, we are expected to make mistakes, but as adults mistakes become taboo (禁忌的). __3__ It's the key to progress in learning a language. Let go of your grown­up inhibitions (顾虑)!
Listen frequently.
You must learn to look before you can draw. We're able to pronounce anything; it's just that we're not used to doing it. __4__ By doing this, you can imagine through which specific part of the mouth or the throat the sound could be achieved.
Talk to yourself.
It might sound really strange, but actually speaking to yourself in a language is a great way to practice if you're not able to use it all the time. This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind.__5__
A．Know why you are doing it.
B．Never give up learning it halfway.
C．Admit that you don't know everything.
D．Think of some fun ways to practice your new language.
E．You may feel confident next time you speak with others.
F．The learning ability of an adult is not necessarily stronger than that of a kid.
G．The best way to go about mastering a new word is actually to hear it constantly.

1．选A　根据下文“This might sound obvious, but if you don't have a good reason for learning a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long run.”可知，如果没有一个好的理由去学习一门语言，你很可能没法保持动力长久地坚持下去。由此推知，学习一门语言需要有理由、动机，知道自己为什么要学。
2．选D　根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲可以通过有趣的方法去练习。另外，本段末句列举了几种能够使学习外语变得有趣的方法，故D选项“想出一些练习新语言的有趣的方法”为正确答案。
3．选C　根据上文可知，快速学习语言的诀窍是要有小孩子一样的态度。孩子可以犯错，而成年人把犯错当成禁忌。故成年人在学习语言时要勇于承认自己的不足，这是取得进步的关键。
4．选G　本段小标题为“Listen frequently.”，G选项中的“hear it constantly”与之相符。
5．选E　根据本段内容可知，如果你不能一直使用某种语言(与人交谈)，那么有一种很好的练习方式就是自言自语。这样做能使新的词汇和短语在你的脑海里保持鲜活记忆。有了练习的经验，再加上积累的“词汇和短语”，下一次你和别人交谈的时候，可能就会有自信了。
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Calling Latin a dead language is a matter of semantics (语义学). There are those who would suggest Latin is not dead, and that it lives on in everyday language used by billions of people worldwide. Others argue that because there're routine updates on Latin published by the Roman Catholic Church, it is still alive and developing.
However, Latin is no longer used, on a daily basis, by the vast majority of people outside of specific religious settings, where tradition influences its use. It is no longer anyone's native language. While its use is still taught, Latin is no longer considered to be a developing language to the degree of most modern languages.
The reasons for Latin dying out are numerous. Perhaps the most significant one has to do with the decline of the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, language was standardized to a greater degree. Because Rome was the most powerful political country in the Western world at the time, most of those who had any ambition to succeed had a desire to learn Latin. As a result, the language spread rapidly. However，that rapid expansion would eventually begin to plateau (处于停滞状态) and finally decline.
Latin continued to be used during the medieval period. Throughout Europe, it remained the language of choice. However, with nothing to unite the continent, there was no need for a uniform language. So slowly, over a period of hundreds of years, Latin began to change as different regions developed their own dialects (方言), known as the Romance languages today, among which the most commonly spoken and recognizable are Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and French.
Though not directly related to the Romance languages, Latin still has had an effect on many other languages. English, for example, which is not one of the Romance languages but a Germanic one, can trace nearly two­thirds of its words back to Latin roots.
参考范文：
Some people assume Latin is a living and developing language, not a dead one. (要点1) But most people don't use it in daily life anymore except on specific religious occasions. (要点2) Its gradual disappearance resulted from many factors, especially the fall of the Roman Empire. (要点3) With the Roman Empire rising and falling, Latin experienced its expansion, stability and then decline. (要点4) Although Latin changed as the Romance languages came into being, it still influences many other languages, like English, today. (要点5)