备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第一部分 过透教材 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（Word版附解析）

这是一份备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第一部分 过透教材 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（Word版附解析），共22页。
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. individual adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人
2. chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n.（公司或机构的）首领；酋长
3. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
4. cnquer vt.占领；征服；控制
5. battle n.战役；搏斗；斗争 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
6. charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt.& vi.收费 vt.控告；充电
7. amunt n.金额；数量
8. gallery n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
9. apprach n.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.& vt.靠近
10. ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
11. psitin n.位置；姿态；职位
12. feast n.盛宴；宴会；节日
13. rll vi.& vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚
14. custm n.风俗；习俗；习惯
15. striking adj.引人注目的；显著的
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑 → puzzling adj.令人困惑的 → puzzled adj.困惑的
2. defend vt.& vi.辩护；防护；保卫；防守 → defence n.防御；保卫 → defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3. legal adj.法律的；合法的 → illegal adj.不合法的 → illegally adv.非法地
4. surrund vt.围绕；包围 → surrunding adj.周围的；附近的 → surrundings n.环境
5. evidence n.证据；证明 → evident adj.明显的
6. achieve vt.达到；实现 → achievement n.成就；成绩；达到
7. lcate vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置 → lcatin n.地方；地点；位置 → lcated adj.坐落于；位于
8. fascinate vt.使着迷；迷住 → fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 → fascinated adj.入迷的 → fascinatin n.着迷；魅力
9. annunce vt.宣布；通知；声称 → annuncement n.宣布；通告 → annuncer n.广播员；（球类比赛的）解说员
10. generus adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 → generusly adv.慷慨地
11. eager adj.热切的；渴望的 → eagerly adv.热心地；急切地 → eagerness n.热切；渴望
12. pet n.诗人 → pem n.诗 → petry n.诗歌（总称）
13. greet vt.问候；迎接 → greeting n.问候；致意
14. crwd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 → crwded adj.拥挤的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.philsphy n. 哲学
2.descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
3.heel n. 足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟
4.kingdm n. 王国；领域
5.currency n. 通货；货币
6.military adj. 军事的；军用的
7.prt n. 港口（城市）
8.landscape n. （陆上，尤指乡村的）风景
9.ancestr n. 祖宗；祖先
10.curtyard n. 庭院；院子
11.snack n. 点心；小吃
12.cunty n. （英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县
13.rar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
14.scent n. 气味；气息
15.transitin n. 过渡；转变；变迁
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. jin... t... 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. break away （frm sb./sth.） 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3. belng t 属于
4. as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
5. keep ne’s eyes pen （fr） 留心；留意
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.The United Kingdm， Great Britain， Britain， England - many peple are cnfused by what these different names mean .（what引导宾语从句）
联合王国，大不列颠，英国，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。
2.S what is the difference between them， if any ？ （if省略结构）
那么，如果有的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？
3.They use the same flag， knwn as the Unin Jack ， as well as share the same currency and military defence. （过去分词短语作后置定语）
他们拥有同样的货币和国防，也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
4. If yu keep yur eyes pen ， yu will be surprised t find that yu can see bth its past and its present. （keep＋宾语＋宾补）
如果你留心，你会吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。
5.The peaceful landscape f the "Emerald Isle" and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes， with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle . （with复合结构）
"绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛"风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.On the Lunar New Year’s Eve， the entire family get tgether fr a feast （盛宴） and the elder members give the yunger generatin lucky mney in red envelpes.
2.The hrse had been the chief （最重要的） means f transprtatin till the 20th century when it was gradually replaced by the car.
3.Rather than staying at hme during the hliday， they decided t take a shrt trip t a nearby （附近的） prt t enjy the fascinating scenery.
4.The patient fught a tugh battle （斗争） against the cancer， nt giving up hpe.
5.The wrkers went n repairing the railway fr as lng as twelve hurs t ensure （确保） the train was in service n time.
6.I think he is fit fr the psitin （职位）； therefre， I’ll put him frward fr chief secretary.
7.The fd， clthes and custms （风俗） all reflect the traditin and histry f yur destinatin.
8.Climate-related natural disasters strike mre ften than ever， causing huge ecnmic lss t cuntries and individuals （个人）.
9.The cmpany is explring ideas t prduce the highest value frm prducts while cnsuming the least amunt （数量） f mney.
10.T ur amazement， the pub charged us nly $5 fr the snack that day. It was well wrth it.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The famus pet lives in a small cuntry after retirement. He enjys the pleasant surrundings . His huse is surrunded by trees and flwers. He smetimes takes a walk t the surrunding areas. （surrund）
2.It was evident that all the evidence we cllected prved him t be guilty. （evident）
3.There was a puzzled lk n the little girl’s face because a puzzling prblem puzzled her. （puzzle）
4.In time f war， huge amunts f mney will be spent n defence and many measures will be taken t defend a cuntry frm being attacked. （defend）
5.The chief manager annunced that the cmpany wuld prvide fruits fr the staff free f charge frm next mnth. The annuncement wuld be sent t everyne by email. （annunce）
6.I hld the firm belief that yu are bund t achieve yur dream f being admitted t a key university， which will give yu a wnderful sense f achievement . （achieve）
7.Jhn shwed his eagerness t jin the club. After sending his applicatin， he eagerly checked his phne a hundred times fr respnse. （eager）
8.There are many fascinating sights. Fr example， Munt Tai’s pretty scenery has fascinated many pets and painters， wh are als fascinated by its histry and legends.（fascinate）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
break away （frm sb./sth.）
belng t as well as keep ne’s eyes pen （fr）
1.He is cnsidering selling the ld huse which belngs t his grandparents and using the mney t start a business f his wn.
2.Yu shuld keep yur eyes pen fr yur belngings when ging n a trip.
3.When preparing meals， we need t think abut variety and taste as well as nutritinal value.
4.T slve the ppulatin prblems， many farmers are encuraged t mve t the island， which is jined t the mainland by a bridge.
5.Great changes have taken place in this cuntry since they brke away frm cnventins and allwed girls t receive educatin.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.你在上一封邮件中问我中国学生通常使用什么社交软件。（what引导宾语从句）
Yu asked me in yur last email what scial apps Chinese students usually use .
2.如果有必要，你可以在周末联系我。（if省略结构）
Yu can cntact me n the weekend， if necessary .
3.去年政府提出的垃圾分类对环境保护有很大好处。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
Garbage srting put frward by the gvernment last year is greatly beneficial t envirnmental prtectin.
4.说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。（keep＋宾语＋宾补）
Speaking f table manners， keep yur vice lw during the meal.
5.随着时间的推移，越来越多的学生和老师都渴望加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。（with复合结构）
With time ging by ， mre and mre students as well as teachers are eager t jin ur Oral English Club.
Are yu eager t knw abut the United Kingdm？ The cuntry’s fascinating landscapes ffer a true feast fr yur eyes and inspire great pets. But are yu puzzled by its several names？ Since I visited galleries and apprached the lcal individuals，I’ve knwn mre abut its histry. In the 16th century， the nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England. Later， Sctland as well as Ireland was jined t the cuntry. In the 20th century， the suthern part f Ireland annunced that it brke away frm the UK， resulting in the full name we have tday： the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.
Belnging t the UK， the fur cuntries use the same flag and share the same currency and military defence. Hwever， they have different educatin systems and legal systems. Almst everywhere yu g， yu’ll find yurself surrunded by amunts f evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk charge f the land at different times. Studying its histry will ensure yur visit is much mre enjyable.
1 surrund vt.围绕；包围
1.[人教选必③－3]The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrunding （surrund） scenery is ne f the mst well-knwn turist destinatins in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
2.[外研必修③－1]When Riley mves t a new city， she has a hard time adjusting t her new surrundings （surrund）.
3.绿树环绕，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河穿行其中。（景色描写）
Surrunded by green trees ， the farm is lcated at the ft f the hill near ur schl. There is a small river flwing thrugh the farm.
2 charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt.& vi.收费 vt.控告；充电
4.[人教选必②－1]He（Qian Xuesen） received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.
5.[人教选必④－1]Whever is charged with a crime shuld be presumed inncent until prven therwise.
6.The fees they charge fr their guarantee f quality will be raised next mnth.
7.得知这些花是给孤儿院的孩子们的，慷慨的店主把花免费给了我们。
Knwing the flwers were fr the kids in the rphanage， the generus shp wner gave us the flwers free f charge .
8.我是"Talk and Talk"节目的负责人。我很荣幸能邀请您参加现场脱口秀。（邀请信）
I am in charge f the prgram "Talk and Talk" . I am much hnred t invite yu fr a live talk shw.
3 amunt n.金额；数量 vi.总计；相当于，等于
1.[外研选必④－5]Althugh the brain amunts t nly abut 2％ f ttal bdy weight， it uses up t 20％ f the bdy’s energy - mre than any ther rgan.
2.[北师必修③－8]The amunt f waste in landfills in China has risen （rise） expnentially（以指数方式） ver the last decade.
the amunt f表示"……的数量"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，再根据句中的"ver the last decade"可知，空处应用现在完成时。注意rise的过去分词形式为risen。
3.[北师必修③－8]A huge amunt f waste — 800，000 tnnes — is imprted （imprt） each year t prduce Sweden’s electricity.
4.[北师选必②－6]As present-day advertisers ften have large budgets， huge amunts f mney are spent （spend） n applying mdern design techniques t make these advertisements as visually attractive as pssible.
1.句意：由于当今的广告商往往有庞大的预算，他们花了大量的钱来应用现代设计技术，使这些广告尽可能地具有视觉吸引力。
2.a huge amunt f和huge amunts f都表示"大量的"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与amunt保持一致。易混点："large quantities/amunts f＋n."作主语时谓语动词用复数，而"a large quantity f＋n."作主语时谓语动词的数取决于f后面的名词。
4 apprach n.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vt.& vi.靠近
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. a methdB. mvement twards r near t sth.C. t deal with
①[外研必修③－1]Apprached in this way， yur friendship will sn be repaired. C
②While this apprach is effective in lsing weight， it is nt as beneficial as keeping a balanced diet. A
③She std up t greet him as sn as she nticed his apprach. B
2.The best apprach t achieving （achieve） a gal is t devte 100％ f yur time and energy t it.
apprach后的t为介词，其后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的其后跟介词t的名词还有answer， key， slutin， entrance等。
3.With the cming f the spring， everything is cming t life again.
→① As the spring appraches ， everything is cming t life again. （as引导状语从句，apprach）
→② With the spring appraching ， everything is cming t life again. （with复合结构，apprach）
5 eager adj.热切的；渴望的
1.[人教选必②－2]British peple are fascinated by ur culture and eager t learn （learn） mre abut it， s I’m keen t share my culture with them.
2.[外研必修①－1]I wke up early and rushed ut f the dr in my eagerness （eager） t get t knw my new schl.
3.As the Spring Festival is appraching， the children eagerly （eager） lk frward t meeting their grandparents in the hmetwn.
4.面对这么多问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。（求助信）
→① Facing s many prblems， I am eager fr yur help. （现在分词作状语， be eager fr）
→② Faced with s many prblems， I am eager t get yur help. （过去分词作状语， be eager t d）
6 break away （frm sb./sth.） 脱离；背叛；逃脱
用break的相关短语完成句子
1.He was charging his car when the fire brke ut .
2.[外研必修②－6]It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn ， but much less time fr paper.
3.My dg suddenly brke away frm me， charged at the dr and began t bark fiercely.
此处charge作动词，意为"向……方向冲去"。如：
The children charged dwn the stairs. 孩子们冲下了楼梯。
4.This stry f friendship is tuching because it shws hw friendship can break thrugh ur physical weaknesses t cnnect ur hearts.
5.Her little face brke int a smile when her father came arund the crner. （读后续写之神态描写）
7 belng t属于
1.When I was waiting n the stage t be awarded， I culdn’t help thinking that this prize belnged t every ne f ur team.
2.Please make sure yu have all yur belngings （belng） with yu when leaving the plane.
3.Family albums create a strng sense f belnging （强烈的归属感） fr family members.
4.这个酒馆是我邻居的，他为了独立已经脱离了家庭。
The pub belngs t my neighbr， wh has brken away frm his family t be independent. （wh引导非限制性定语从句）
8 as well as同（一样也）；和；还
1.[外研必修②－6]This includes keeping the riginal envirnment frm being tuched， as well as adpting （adpt）new， sustainable ways f feeding farm animals.
2.[人教选必②－2]As well as studying （study） hard， I’ve been invlved in scial activities.
此处as well as为介词，表示"除……之外"，故其后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：除了努力学习，我还参加了社交活动。
3.The fascinating landscape as well as the unique lcal dishes makes （make） the island ne f America’s mst ppular turist destinatins.（景点介绍）
as well as在此连接两个并列主语，谓语的数应与前面的The fascinating landscape保持一致。有类似用法的词语还有with， alng with， tgether with， rather than， besides， but， except等，如：
The mther，tgether with her children， has gne t the cuntryside t visit their grandparents.
4.I am fnd f listening t English sngs， and I als like reading English nvels.
→I am fnd f listening t English sngs as well as reading English nvels . （写作升级）
9 with复合结构
1.With s many prblems t apprach （apprach）， we decided t hld anther meeting as sn as pssible.
2.The mment I walked int the gallery， I nticed the painter， with his eyes fcused （fcus） n a statue.
3.The park is always crwded n weekends， with large numbers f peple enjying （enjy） themselves there.
4. With tears in his eyes （眼里含着泪水）， the elder sldier std there still， watching the red flag rising t the air.（读后续写之神态描写）
10 if省略结构
if nt if any if pssible if s if necessary
1.[外研必修①－1]Yu must have had sme mments when yu were disappinted. If s ， hw did yu deal with them？
2.Des this bag belng t yu？ If nt ， we surely must find the wner.
3. If pssible ， keep a spare pair f glasses accessible in case yur main pair is brken r lst.
4. If necessary ， yu can ring me and I will cme in n time.
5.After finishing writing， we need t exchange the pems with ur partners， and crrect each ther’s mistakes if any .
常见的动词词缀
前缀en-，后缀-en，-ize/-ise，-ify都是常见的动词词缀。
1.It’s imprtant t memrize （memry） these regulatins befre taking the cntest.
2.Only by practising day in and day ut can yu sharpen （sharp） yur skills.
3.Our tur als includes a chance t walk in the ftsteps f Xu Xiake. Fields f flwers， tile-rfed（瓦屋顶） villages and tasty meals enrich （rich） this wnderful experience.
4.The theme f the Exp was t prmte cultural exchange and strengthen （strength） mutual cperatin between the cuntries alng the Silk Rad.
5.The cmputer has simplified （simply） the difficult task f teaching reading t the deaf.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023浙江1月]InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t "lw-impact" slar develpment， which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.
句意：InSPIRE正在研究"低影响"开发太阳能的实用方法，该方法侧重于以对土地更友好的方式建造和运营太阳能农场。
"做某事的方法"多样表达：①an apprach t ding sth. ②a way t d sth. / a way f ding sth. ③a methd f ding sth. ④a means f ding sth.
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by. If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym， that persn must belng t the same gym.
3.[2022北京]This was the very dr I carefully guided the children thrugh t ensure （sure）their safety frm the bitter cld.
4.[2021全国乙]The patient lked puzzled （puzzle）， and then replied： "Oh this isn’t fr the care I had..."
5.[2021全国乙]As she was leaving she was eager t say （say） gdbye t each f us in the nursing team.
6.[2021浙江]It was tiring wrk， but I lked frward t the pay， even thugh I wasn’t sure hw much it wuld amunt t .
7.[2020浙江]The hungry bear fllwed his nse t ur camp， which was surrunded （surrund） by a high wire fence.
fllw ne’s nse 凭嗅觉指引；凭直觉办事；一直向前走。
8.[全国Ⅰ]Des Kilimanjar deserve its reputatin as a crwded （crwd）muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace？
9.[江苏高考]Wild camping is illegal （legal） in England. T avid being caught， the Winns had t get their tent up late and packed it away early in the mrning.
10.[全国Ⅰ]Yet there is evidence （evident）suggesting that the trend is grwing.
句意：然而有证据表明，这一趋势正在增长。空处后的"suggesting that the trend is grwing"为现在分词短语作后置定语，说明evidence的内容。
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.方法B. v.靠近
C. v.与……接洽/商量D. v.着手处理
①[2023浙江1月]I stpped， and she sn tk wing but did nt immediately fly away. Hvering（悬停）， she apprached within six inches f my face. B
She指的是蜂鸟。前文语境："我"在朋友的农场救了一只蜂鸟。当"我"离开时，这只蜂鸟飞了过来，停在了"我"的面前一直看着"我"，然后吱吱叫。
②[2022新高考Ⅱ]S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir， lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach： They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving. A
③[2021天津]Human qualities als invlve hw yu think， hw yu apprach prblems， and hw yu break them dwn... D
④[北京高考]With her dad’s permissin， she spent the next tw years researching nline and cnducting trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and tth-friendly. She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. C
apprach在高考中较常出现，其中作名词表示"方法"和作动词表示"临近"最为常见，它也是写作中的高级词汇。如：
With the exam appraching， I get rather anxius.随着考试的临近，我变得很焦虑。
Intangible cultural heritage is an imprtant apprach t appreciating ancient civilizatins.非物质文化遗产是欣赏古代文明的一条重要途径。
2.
A. adj.最高级别的B. n.首领
C. adj.最重要的
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]That is partly because peple are driving mre， but Mark Rsekind， the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin， said distracted（分心） driving was "nly increasing， unfrtunately." B
②[全国Ⅲ]"It’s n secret that China has always been a surce（来源） f inspiratin fr designers，" says Amanda Hill， chief creative fficer at A＋E Netwrks， a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin（时尚） shws. A
③[全国Ⅲ]Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762. C
3.[2022全国甲]A year later， much t my delight， this man prduced a little bx with a ring and prpsed t me. v.求婚
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——中国传统文化
[2021全国甲]假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括：
1.阐明写信事由；
2.征求建议；
3.表示感谢。
◎写作要点
1.我们学校宣布了一项介绍中国传统文化的活动。（annunce）
Our schl has annunced an activity t intrduce traditinal Chinese culture.
2.作为班长，我负责我们的班会，所以我现在急需你的帮助。（charge， eager）
As a mnitr， I am in charge f ur class meeting， s I am eager fr yur help nw.
3.众所周知，中国有许多迷人而独特的传统文化和习俗。（fascinating， as well as， custm）
It is widely acknwledged that China has large numbers f fascinating and unique traditinal cultures as well as custms.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
Hw’s everything ging？
Our schl has annunced an activity t intrduce traditinal Chinese culture. The activity is scheduled t be held n May 15 in the frm f class meetings and the display will start n May 25.
As a mnitr， I am in charge f ur class meeting， s I am eager fr yur help nw. It is widely acknwledged that China has large numbers f fascinating and unique traditinal cultures as well as custms. I am wndering which nes wuld attract yu freigners mst. Given yur passin fr traditinal Chinese culture， yur suggestins will be greatly helpful t us.
I am lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之害怕与恐惧（二）
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Each April Thais celebrate their "Thai New Year" with a great water fight n the streets. Peple thrw water at everyne passing by and even blck the rad s they can enter buses and "paint the faces" f all the passengers. But there are a few peple wh dn’t wish t participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebratin， I was ne f them.
The first time ur bus was stpped， 4 peple cming int the bus intended t paint everyne’s face. I slwly shk my head t say "N， thank yu"， but a man came frm behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the ther three felt inspired and added a little mre "paint" t my face. I didn’t actively stp them fr fear that if I did， they wuld becme mre aggressive and thrw even mre water at me and pssibly my backpack， which wuld damage whatever was inside.
Even thugh it happened nly nce， emtinally it was very frightening because I felt s pwerless. The experience caused me t think a lt abut respect and mral autnmy r individual judgment vs "permissin" frm the authrities. On this day， peple f Thailand， including the plice， give "permissin" fr these activities. S what abut respect fr the individual？ If smene des nt want t be painted， is it OK t d it anyhw because the majrity is having a gd time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun， r because the plice allw it？
In my pinin， if smene des nt want t have smething dne t them， then yu’re suppsed t respect their decisin. Yu can’t rely n the authrities r sme grup t tell yu if smething is right r wrng r if yu shuld r shuldn’t d smething. I believe this is a much healthier way f living with ne anther in this wrld.
每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。
1. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic？
A. By raising a questin.
B. By making an assumptin.
C. By prviding a cmparisn.
D. By supprting a celebratin.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段可知，每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知，作者是通过对比的方法引入本文的主题的。综上可知，C项正确。
2. Why did the authr inactively resist being painted？
A. He was afraid f causing cnflict.
B. He wanted t prtect things in his backpack.
C. The activity gt fficial permissin.
D. The majrity was in favr f the behavir.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"I didn’t actively stp them fr fear that if I did， they wuld becme mre aggressive and thrw even mre water at me and pssibly my backpack， which wuld damage whatever was inside"可知，作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西，故选B。
3. What did the authr think f the experience？
A. It was unpleasant.
B. It was invaluable.
C. It was infrmative.
D. It was acceptable.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"emtinally it was very frightening because I felt s pwerless"可知，从情感上来说，这是一次非常可怕的经历，因为作者感到很无力。由此可知，对于作者来说，这次经历是不愉快的。
4. What is mainly cnveyed in the last paragraph？
A. D as yu wuld be dne by.
B. Fear always springs frm ignrance.
C. When in Rme d as the Rmans d.
D. Respect matters in interpersnal cmmunicatin.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者认为，如果有人不想被如此对待，那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖官方或某个团体来告诉你某事是对是错，或者你应该或不应该做某事。他相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式。综上可知，本题选D。
B
[2024天星原创]Cllege sprts have many traditins. The traditin in the University f Iwa （UI） is the Hawkeye Wave. When the first quarter is ver at Kinnick Stadium， Hawkeye fans turn t UI Stead Family Children’s Hspital. Tgether， they wave t the kids receiving treatment and their families.
On the tp flr f the hspital is a Press Bx， which has an almst perfect view f the field belw. Patients and families cme tgether there fr Iwa ftball hme games. Kids ften tape psters r signs t supprt the team in their rms， which fans can see frm their seats. If it’s a night game， Hawkeye fans will turn n their cellphne lights t wave t the kids watching the game s that this traditin is never missed.
Hawkeye fans derived the idea f the Hawkeye Wave frm scial media. When the fans reached ut fr ideas fr what they culd d during the game， ne persn psted a suggestin n a scial media platfrm that they culd think f a way t give hpe， cmfrt r encuragement t the kids in the hspital and brighten up their day.
Althugh this sprts traditin is relatively new， it is develping int smething better. This year， each hme game will feature a "Kid Captain" in the hspital. They’ll get t chse the sng that accmpanies the Hawkeye Wave. The Kid Captain prgram began in 2009 t hnr patients at UI Stead Family Children’s Hspital and celebrate their inspiratinal stries. A Kid Captain is picked fr each Iwa ftball game， and each child selected receives a cmmemrative jersey（纪念球衣） as well as special recgnitin frm the hspital and the ftball team， and enjys ther behind-the-scenes activities.
Mind-bdy cnnectins that invlve psitive thinking have shwn wellness benefits fr peple f all ages. They can help imprve an individual’s utlk， n matter hw seriusly he might be ill. That prcess starts by simply smiling mre. The Hawkeye Wave certainly des that when the kids get t experience it.
本文是说明文。大学里的体育运动有许多传统。文章介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave及其背后的故事。
【熟词生义】 1.quarter常用义：n.四分之一；一刻钟 文中义：n.（某些分四节进行的体育比赛的）节
2.brighten常用义：v.（使）明亮 文中义：v.（使）快活起来，（使）更有趣
3.celebrate常用义：v.庆祝，庆贺 文中义：v.歌颂，赞美
【长难句解读】 When the fans reached ut fr ideas fr (what they culd
When引导的时间状语从句，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句
d during the game), ne persn psted a suggestin n a scial media platfrm that they
culd think f a way t give hpe， cmfrt r encuragement t the kids in
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明suggestin的内容
the hspital and brighten up their day.
译文：当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台上发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。
1. What des the Press Bx serve as？
A. A watching platfrm.
B. A rm fr get-tgethers.
C. A small-sized stadium.
D. A place fr entertainment.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"On the tp flr f the hspital is a Press and families cme tgether there fr Iwa ftball hme games"可知，孩子们和其家人来到顶楼的Press Bx是为了观看比赛。由此可知，Press Bx充当的是观看平台。
2. What des the underlined wrd "derived" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Tested.B. Obtained.
C. Prmted.D. Discussed.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第三段中的"When the fans reached ut fr ideas fr what they culd d during the game ... brighten up their day"可知，当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。由此可知，球迷们从社交媒体上得到了Hawkeye Wave这个想法。derive的含义应是"得到，获得"，故选B。
3. What can we learn abut the Kid Captain prgram？
A. It enriches the Hawkeye Wave.
B. It features kids’ chice f sngs.
C. It excites kids’ interest in ftball.
D. It ffers gifts t kids in hspital.
解析 A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句"Althugh this sprts traditin is relatively new， it is develping int smething better"可知，虽然这一体育传统相对较新，但它在向更好的方向发展。接着，文中提到"今年，每一场主场比赛都有一名来自医院的‘儿童队长’，他们可以选择Hawkeye Wave的伴奏歌曲"。由此可知，作者通过列举"儿童队长"项目的相关内容来具体说明Hawkeye Wave这一传统是如何向更好的方向发展的。因此，"儿童队长"项目丰富了Hawkeye Wave这一体育传统。综上可知，本题选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text？
A. Kid Captain： a particular hnr t sick kids
B. Cllege sprts： a fuel t mind-bdy cnnectins
C. Kinnick Stadium： a stage fr unusual interactin
D. Hawkeye Wave： a sprts traditin t cheer sick kids
解析 D 标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"Cllege sprts have many traditins. The traditin in the University f Iwa（UI） is the Hawkeye Wave"、第三段中的"t give hpe， cmfrt r encuragement t the kids in the hspital and brighten up their day"和最后一段中的"They can help imprve an individual’s utlk... The Hawkeye Wave certainly des that when the kids get t experience it"可知，本文主要介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave、其背后的故事以及这一传统对生病的孩子的影响，故D项做文章标题最佳。
C
[艺术文化/2024河南焦作期中]In 1879， an 8-year-ld girl made a discvery that wuld rck ur understanding f human histry. On the walls f Altamira cave in nrthern Spain， she sptted amazing drawings f bisn， painted in vivid red and black. Mre striking even than the images was their age： They were made thusands f years ag by mdern humans’ suppsedly primitive ancestrs. Tday， nearly 400 caves acrss Eurpe have been fund decrated with hand stencils（用模板印的文字或图案）， mysterius symbls and beautiful images f animals created by these skillful artists.
The discveries led t the view that artistic talent arse after mdern humans arrived in the regin sme 40，000 years ag， as part f a "cultural explsin" reflecting a flwering f the human mind. But mre recent evidence has blwn this idea ut f the water. Fr a start， mdern humans might nt have been the first artists in Eurpe. What’s mre， a cllectin f cave paintings emerging in Indnesia has dismissed the idea that Eurpe was the centre f creativity.
Lcal peple have lng knwn that the caves f the island f Sulawesi， Indnesia， cntain many painted images. Mdern humans are thught t have reached the regin sme 65，000 years ag， but nbdy imagined the art culd be very ld because ancient paintings seem unlikely t survive in the envirnment f high temperatures. A team f researchers led by Maxime Aubert， nw at Griffith University in Australia，upended this idea using a technique that is shifting ur understanding f cave art. Using this technique in seven caves， they fund a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years ld， making it the ldest knwn hand stencil at that time.
This pened a fldgate t new discveries in Indnesia. These included a hunting scene created at least 43，900 years ag， and by far the ldest descriptive artwrk. "When we fund that image， we were abslutely delighted， but when it turned ut t be that ld， we were almst jumping with jy，" says Adam Brumm， als at Griffith University.
印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛洞穴壁画的发现挑战了欧洲是艺术创作中心的观点，揭示了人类艺术才能的历史更为悠久。
【词语积累】 suppsedly adv.据信，据传，据说 dismiss v.去除，消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；驳回，不受理 f the water 彻底摧毁……，毁灭……
1. What did the girl find in the cave？
A. Wild animals.
B. Ancient images.
C. Painting techniques.
D. Recrding artists.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"she sptted amazing drawings f images was their age： They were made thusands f years ag"可知，B项正确。
2. What was a misunderstanding remved by the mre recent evidence？
A. Artistic talent can be traced back t Eurpe.
B. Artistic talent reflected the flwering f human minds.
C. Mdern humans led t artistic talent’s rise in Indnesia.
D. Mdern humans might nt have been real artists.
解析 A 推理判断题。由题干中的"remved by the mre recent evidence"可以将线索信息定位到第二段中的"mre recent evidence has blwn this idea ut f the water"。由语境可知，被证据推翻的"idea"指的是上文中提到的"artistic talent arse after mdern humans arrived in the regin sme 40，000 years ag"，故A项正确。
3. What des the underlined wrd "upended" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Prved.B. Strengthened.
C. Overturned. D. Overemphasized.
解析 C 词义猜测题。分析语境可知，画线词后面的宾语this idea指的是上文中的"古画好像不可能在高温环境中被保存下来，所以这项艺术不会很古老"。由下文中的"they fund a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years ld"可知，研究人员利用技术手段推翻了之前人们认为洞穴里的艺术不可能很古老的说法，故C项与画线词在意义上最为接近。
4. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut？
A. The amazing discveries.
B. The researchers’ expectatins.
C. The benefits f the technique.
D. The descriptin f the cave art.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中的"This pened a fldgate t new discveries in Indnesia"和Adam Brumm的话"When we fund that were almst jumping with jy"可以看出，本段主要讲了研究人员在印度尼西亚的惊人发现，故A项正确。
二、七选五
[2023山东联考]It seems a bit strange t imagine the ancient Greeks celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes tpped with lighted candles. 1
The first birthday cakes were nthing f what they are tday and weren’t even called birthday cakes. 2 At that time nly they culd affrd t celebrate with smething sweet. That is hw cakes became assciated with special ccasins.
The ancient Egyptians are credited with "inventing" the birthday celebratin. And the ancient Greeks brrwed the traditin but rightfully realized that a dessert wuld make the celebratin mre meaningful. S they baked mn-shaped cakes t ffer up t the mn. 3
It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks wh celebrated with sweet cakes. 4 And it’s believed that the riginal birthday cake came frm them. Rather than just celebrating birthdays， thugh， ancient Rme was knwn fr celebrating all things with a cake including weddings， but there was an exceptin — the birthdays celebrated were nly fr men wh were citizens， and they had t be famus.
Mdern birthday parties are said t get their rts frm the 18th-century German celebratin. On the mrning f a child’s birthday， he r she wuld receive a cake with lighted candles that added up t the child’s age plus ne. 5 The birthday child wuld make a wish， try t blw ut all the candles in ne breath， and dig in.
A. The ancient Rmans als had their traditins.
B. Rather， they were symblic f the nble class.
C. The ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes.
D. On birthday， children wuld eat cakes made by their mums.
E. They als decrated the cakes t make them shine like the mn.
F. This extra candle was called the light f hpe fr anther new year.
G. Hwever， they’re the nes wh first came up with the idea t d s.
文章分别介绍了生日蛋糕、生日庆祝传统及现代生日聚会的起源。
1.G "It seems a bit strange t imagine the ancient cakes tpped with lighted candles"与G项之间为转折关系。
2.B "The first birthday cakes were nthing f what they are tday..."与B项之间为递进关系。
3.E 由空前的"S they baked mn-shaped cakes t ffer up t the mn"可知，本空填E项。
4.A "It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks wh celebrated with sweet cakes"与A项衔接自然。
5.F 空前的"On the mrning f a child’s up t the child’s age plus ne"与F项吻合。★ 用……包围……
be surrunded by/with... 被……包围
★surrunding adj.周围的，附近的
surrundings n.环境
★charge fr... 收……的费用
charge sb. mney fr sth.因某事向某人收费
charge sb. with （ding） sth. 控告/指控某人（做）某事
★free f charge （＝fr free）免费
take charge f 掌管，负责
in charge f 主管，负责
in the charge f sb.＝in sb.’s charge由某人掌管
★amunt t 共计，总计
★the amunt f ＋不可数名词 ……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
a large/small amunt f＋n. [U]＋v. （单数）
large/small amunts f＋n. [U]＋v. （复数）
★the apprach t... ……的方法；通往……的道路（t为介词）
the apprach t （ding） sth.（做）某事的方式/方法
the apprach f... ……的来临/临近
★其他表示"方式、方法"的表达：
in a（n）；in this way；by means f...；with this methd；the methd f/fr （ding） sth.
★be eager fr... 渴求得到……
be eager t d sth. 渴望做某事
★eagerly adv.急切地
eagerness n.渴望，热切
★"渴望做某事"的其他表达：
lng t d sth.； be dying t d sth.；
be anxius t d sth.
★break dwn破坏；（使）分解；（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚；（身体）出毛病，垮掉；（计划等）失败；消除（某种感情或态度）
break in 打断，插话；破门而入
break int强行闯入；突然开始
break ut（战争、火灾等）爆发，突然发生
break thrugh 突破，冲破
break up破碎；解散；结束
★belng t无被动语态和进行时态；其后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。
★belnging n. [U]归属；[pl.]所有物
a sense f belnging归属感
★作并列连词，表示"和，也"，连接并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与as well as前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
★作介词，表示"除……之外"，相当于besides和in additin t。
★表示同级比较，意为"和……一样好"，此时well是副词。
★with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语
with＋宾语＋t d（表示动作尚未发生）
with＋宾语＋ding（表示主动、动作正在进行）
with＋宾语＋dne（表示被动、动作已完成）
★if any即使有，如果有的话
if nt如果不是这样的话；不然
if s如果是这样的话
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if pssible如果可能的话
en-
使处于……状态
-en
使，使成为，变得
-ize/-ise
使……化
-ify
使……化
本单元
ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
拓展
enlarge vt.& vi.扩大
braden vi.变宽，变阔
mdernize vi.& vt.使现代化
unify vi.& vt.统一，使成一体
endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害
blacken vi.& vt.（使）变黑
realize vt.实现
purify vt.提纯；使洁净
encurage vt.鼓励；激励
sadden vt.使悲伤
civilize vt.教化；使文明
classify vt.将……分类
积累背诵
仿写运用
词
组
1.be pen-muthed with hrrr吓得目瞪口呆
2.shake/tremble with fear 吓得发抖
3.freeze with terrr 吓呆了
4.stand rted t the spt with fear 吓得呆若木鸡
5.be scared t death 害怕得要命
6.tremble frm head t te全身颤抖
7.be seized/verwhelmed by a sense f hrrr害怕极了
8.a fld f fear wells up in sb. 恐惧涌上心头
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.一阵恐慌涌上心头。我能感觉到我的心在胸口狂跳。
A fld f panic welled up in me . I culd feel my heart beating wildly in my chest.
2.当看到那只凶恶的狼时，我吓呆了，不敢动弹。
At the sight f the fierce wlf， I frze with terrr/was frzen with fear ， and didn’t dare t mve an inch.
3.小男孩藏在树后，吓得不敢出声。
The little by hid himself behind the tree， t frightened t make a sund .
4.听到熊在屋外咆哮，我害怕极了，浑身发抖，手心都出汗了。
Hearing the bear raring utside the huse， I was extremely scared ， trembling frm head t te ， and my palms were sweating. （第二空现在分词短语作状语）
5.弗兰克从屋子里冲出来，眼中充满恐惧。
Frank burst ut f the rm， with terrr in his eyes . （with复合结构）
6.他脸色苍白，吓得浑身发抖。"我打碎了桌子中间的雕像。"他哭喊道。
He was pale and shaking with fright . "I brke the statue at the centre f the table，" he cried.
佳
句
1.When Albert suddenly realized that the brakes weren’t wrking， he turned t me， with his eyes full f hrrr. 当阿尔伯特突然间意识到刹车失灵了，他转身看着我，眼中充满了恐惧。
2.Whenever I think f what happened in that huse， fear seized my heart. 每当我想起那幢房子里发生的事，我心中都满是恐惧。
3.The man was t frightened t say a wrd at the sight f the tiger. 那人一看到老虎就吓得一句话也不敢说。
4.Mark heard a scream and raced int the kitchen just in time t see a muse running acrss the flr. He was frzen with fright. 马克听到一声尖叫，跑进厨房，正好看到一只老鼠在地板上跑过。他吓得僵住了。