北京市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题（Word版附解析）

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第一卷(共两部分, 58 分)
第一部分: 知识运用(共两节, 20分)
第一节 语音知识(共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 5分)
选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。
1. A. apprpriateB. apprveC. prspectD. ccupatin ________
2. A. crimeB. clumnC. cmbineD. cease ________
3. A. reliableB. clarifyC. internalD. visible ________
4. A. luxuryB. structureC. ruralD. ultimately ________
5. A. fantasyB. valleyC. fashinD. label ________
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
【解析】
【1题详解】
A. apprpriate[əˈprɒpriət]；B. apprve[əˈpruːv]；C. prspect[ˈprɒspekt]；D. ccupatin[ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn]。ACD项划线部分发音为/ɒ/，B项划线部分发音为/uː/。故选B。
【2题详解】
A. crime[kraɪm]；B. clumn[ˈkɒləm]；C. cmbine[kəmˈbaɪn]；D. cease[siːs]。ABC项划线部分发音为/k/，D项划线部分发音为/s/。故选D。
【3题详解】
A. reliable[rɪˈlaɪəbl]；B. clarify[ˈklærɪfaɪ ]；C. internal[ɪnˈtɜːnl]；D. visible[ˈvɪzəbl]。BCD项划线部分发音为/ɪ/，A项划线部分发音为/aɪ/。故选A。
【4题详解】
A. luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]；B. structure[ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]；C. rural[ˈrʊərəl]；D. ultimately[ˈʌltɪmətli]。ABD项划线部分发音为/ʌ/，C项划线部分发音为/ʊə/。故选C。
【5题详解】
A. fantasy[ˈfæntəsi]；B. valley[ˈvæli]；C. fashin[ˈfæʃn]；D. label[ˈleɪbl]。ABC项划线部分发音为/æ/，D项划线部分发音为/eɪ/。故选D。
第二节 完形填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a writer f many bks. As a child and a teenager, I wrte ____6____, trying t be an authr like him.When I ____7____ my first bk, I was nt sure if I shuld thrw it ut t the wrld r shelter it frever. That’s why I went t grandpa that night, my faithful reader, wh nce again gave me tremendus ____8____。
“Did yu bring the bk? I heard yu talk abut it and I can’t wait t see yur ____9____.”
“Oh yeah, the bk. I cmpleted it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I dn’t think it’s that gd...”
He turned t a randm page and ____10____ mre f the pages. “Why d yu think this isn’t gd? It lks fine t me.Very heart-warming.”
“Well, I’m nt sure. It culd be better than it is nw.”
“Yu can’t expect fr the bk t be ____11____. Writing is a skill that takes time. Yu already finished the stry, and nw yu have t ____12____ thers what yu’ve gt.” he passed the bk back t me. “If peple dn’t like it, then write again. Criticism is imprtant, but yu are ging t have t keep n writing till yu are ____13____ with yur wrk.”
“Is that hw yu became a writer?”
“Yes, and every ther writer befre me. Yu have t start frm the ____14____ and then reach the tp.”
I finally brke ut int a smile and he did t. I lked carefully at the bk ne mre time. The pages bund tgether gave me hpe fr the future. That settled it. I was ging t have t _____15_____ myself and let thers see my wrk. Fr me and fr my grandpa.
6. A. fastB. wellC. nnstpD. little
7. A. plishedB. finishedC. deletedD. published
8. A. tasksB. pressureC. rewardsD. inspiratin
9. A. prgressB. styleC. cmmentD. reactin
10. A. cpiedB. wrteC. scannedD. edited
11. A. perfectB. uniqueC. cmplexD. practical
12. A. sendB. shwC. teachD. sell
13. A. cntentB. strictC. patientD. exhausted
14. A. endB. failureC. bttmD. criticism
15. A. give upB. cunt nC. lk afterD. get ver
【答案】6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者想成为爷爷那样的一位作家，但是在完成第一本书之后不确定是否应该拿给别人看，这时是爷爷给了他巨大的鼓励和启示，让他抛掉顾虑，重拾前行的勇气，继续向前。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我十几岁还是个孩子的时候，我不间断地写，希望成为一个像他那样的作家。A. fast迅速的；B. well健康的；C. nnstp不间断的；D. little小的。根据前文“My grandfather was a writer f many bks.”可知，作者的爷爷是一个作家，所以作者也希望通过不间断地写作最终成为一个作家。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我完成我的第一本书的时候，我不确定我是应该把它扔给世界还是永远保护它。A. plished擦亮；B. finished完成；C. deleted删除；D. published出版。根据后文“I cmpleted it yesterday,”可知，作者已经完成了他的第一本书。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么那天晚上要去找爷爷，我忠实的读者，他又一次给了我巨大的启示。A. tasks任务；B. pressure压力；C. rewards报酬；D. inspiratin启示。根据后文“Why d yu think this isn’t gd? It lks fine t me.Very heart-warming.”可知，爷爷又一次给了我启示。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你把书带来了吗？我听说你说过，我等不及要看你的进展。A. prgress进展；B. style作风；C. cmment评论；D. reactin反应。根据后文“Oh yeah. the bk. I cmpleted it yesterday,”可知，爷爷是要看看作者的书的进展情况。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他转向一个随机的页面并浏览了更多的页面。A. cpied复制；B. wrte写；C. scanned浏览；D. edited编辑。根据后文“Why d yu think this isn’t gd? It lks fine t me.Very heart-warming.”可知，作者的爷爷是在快速翻阅了更多的页面以后对作者的书做了评价。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你不能指望这本书是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. unique独特的；C. cmplex复杂的；D. practical现实的。根据后文“Writing is a skill that takes time.”可知，爷爷是在告诉作者写作是一个逐渐的过程，不可能一下就能写出完美的书。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你已经完成了这个故事，现在你必须向别人展示你的故事。A. send发送；B. shw展示；C. teach讲授；D. sell出售。根据后文“If peple dn’t like it, then write again.”可知，作品完成之后应该向别人展示，让人去评价。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：批评是很重要的，但是你必须继续写作，直到你对你的工作很满意。A. cntent满意的；B. strict严格的；C. patient耐心的；D. exhausted疲惫不堪的。根据前文“If peple dn’t like it, then write again. ”以及后文“Yu have t start frm the ____9____ and then reach the tp.”可知，继续写作是为了达到最后的满意。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须要从底部开始然后才能到达顶端。A. end结束；B. failure失败；C. bttm底部；D. criticism 批判；指责。根据前文“If peple dn’t like it, then write again. Criticism is imprtant, but yu are ging t have t keep n writing till yu are ____8____ with yur wrk.”以及“Yes, and every ther writer befre me.”可知，每一名作家都需要从最初的不断接受批评到最后的对自己作品满意，即从最底部开始。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须要克服自己，让别人看到我的作品。A. give up放弃；B. cunt n指望；C. lk after照顾；D. get ver克服。根据前文“I lked carefully at the bk ne mre time. The pages bund tgether gave me hpe fr the future.That settled it.”可知，作者在爷爷的激励下已经战胜自我，决定继续前行，把自己的作品展示给别人看。故选D。
第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
16. What is the purpse f the email?
A. T prvide a wrk schedule.
B. T make a travel arrangement.
C. T prpse an adaptatin f the strybks.
D. T infrm Mr. Russel f a schedule change.
17. What can we learn abut Mr. Russel?
A. He is attending a bk fair.
B. He is drafting a research prpsal.
C. He is advertising children’s strybks.
D. He is wrking with thers n a prject.
18 When is Mr. Russel expected t discuss the cntents f his strybks?
A. At 11:00 a.m. n Mnday.
B. At 11:20 a.m. n Tuesday.
C. At 2:00 p.m. n Tuesday.
D At 9:00 a.m. n Wednesday.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。这是Alyssa Meller写给儿童作家David Russel的一封邮件，介绍了工作安排，活动内容和时间安排等事项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Because f the tight schedule, yu will prbably have sme busy days here. But we will try ur best t ensure that yu can have a high efficiency. All details are prvided belw.( 由于日程安排紧张，你可能会在这里有一些繁忙的日子。但我们会尽力确保你能有一个高效率。所有细节如下)”可推断，这封邮件的目的是为了提供一个工作安排表。故选A。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“At yur request, I was abut t arrange several meetings with yur cauthrs t discuss revisins t yur series f children’s stries, which will be an imprtant part during yur stay here.（应您的要求，我打算安排几次与您的合著者的会议，讨论您的一系列儿童故事的修订，这将是您在这里逗留期间的一个重要部分。）”可知，Russell正在和别人一起做一个项目。故选D。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中提到的“Tue.2:00 p.m.”和“Meeting with Hank Willis abut sme f the chapters（和Hank Willis讨论一些章节）”可知，星期二下午两点，Russell先生将讨论他的故事书的内容。故选C。
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
19. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
20. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
21. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
22. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【答案】19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse - like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. ‘Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,’ he says. ‘Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (‘生态设计’是Jhn对自己所做工作称呼。他说：‘地球上的生命就像是发明家手中的备用零件盒。你把生物放在新的关系中，观察发生了什么。然后让这些新的系统发展出自己的自我修复方式。’)”可知，Jhn的工作是“生态设计”，也就是通过把生物放在新的关系中，观察发生了什么，然后让这些新的系统发展出自己的自我修复方式，这实际上是为了消除对Jhn发明的怀疑，让发明能够真正发挥作用。故选D。
C
“Flying insects dn’t fly directly t lights frm far away because they’re attracted t them, but appear t change curse tward a light if they happen t be passing by due t a strange inbrn bilgical respnse,” writes Samuel Fabian, a biengineer, in a research paper.
Until nw, the leading scientific hypthesis has been that insects use the mn’s light t direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights fr the mn. But this idea desn’t explain why insects that nly fly during the day als gather arund lights.
T find ut what really happens, Samuel’s team track the precise mvements f insects in the wild arund lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed tw ntable behaviurs. First, when insects fly abve lights, they ften invert (转向) themselves and try t fly upside dwn, causing them t fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start ding a ring rad. As their climb angle becmes t steep, they suddenly stp and start t fall. Secnd, when insects apprach a light frm the side, they may circle r “rbit” the light.
The vides shw that the inversins smetimes result in insects falling n lights. It can appear t the naked eye as thugh they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their drsum tward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) t the surce,” the team write. It is cmmn t the tw behaviurs that the insects are keeping their backs t the light, knwn as the drsal light respnse (DLR). This DLR is a shrtcut fr insects t wrk ut which way is up and keep their bdies upright, as the mn r sun is usually mre r less directly abve them, and this directin allws them t maintain prper flight attitude and cntrl. They als find that the insects fly at right angles t a light surce, leading t rbiting and unstable flights as the light’s lcatin relative t them changes as they mve.
Samuel’s team suggest that a pssible utcme f the research culd help the cnstructin industry t avid the types f light that mst attract insects.
23. What des the research fcus n?
A. Why insects gather arund lights.
B. Where artificial lights lead insects t.
C. What bilgical respnse insects are brn with.
D. Hw t design envirnment friendly artificial lights.
24. What can we learn abut insects frm the vides f their mvements?
A. They fly directly t lights.B. They circle clse t lights.
C. Their flying speed is steady.D. Their inversins can be cntrlled.
25. DLR makes insects ____________.
A. balance their flyingB. keep their rute straight
C. decide their bdy psitnD. shrten their flight distance
【答案】23. A 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对昆虫趋光的研究，旨在帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫的光线。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Flying insects dn’t fly directly t lights frm far away because they’re attracted t them, but appear t change curse tward a light if they happen t be passing by due t a strange inbrn bilgical respnse (飞行的昆虫不会因为被灯光吸引而直接飞向远处的灯光，但如果它们碰巧经过，由于一种奇怪的先天生物反应，它们似乎会朝着灯光改变方向)”以及第二段“But this idea desn’t explain why insects that nly fly during the day als gather arund lights. (但这个想法并不能解释为什么只在白天飞行的昆虫也会聚集在灯光周围)”可推知，研究的重点是为什么昆虫聚集在灯光周围。故选A项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“ Just after insects pass under a light, they start ding a ring rad.(昆虫刚从灯光下经过，它们就开始走环形路)”以及“when insects apprach a light frm the side, they may circle r “rbit” the light (当昆虫从侧面接近光线时，它们可能会绕着光线转或“绕”)”可推知，昆虫经常在灯光附近盘旋。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This DLR is a shrtcut fr insects t wrk ut which way is up and keep their bdies upright, as the mn r sun is usually mre r less directly abve them, and this directin allws them t maintain prper flight attitude and cntrl. (这种DLR是昆虫找出向上方向并保持身体直立的捷径，因为月亮或太阳通常或多或少在它们的正上方，这个方向使它们能够保持适当的飞行姿态和控制。)”可知，DLR使昆虫决定它们的身体姿势。故选C项。
D
Fr several decades, there has been an extensive and rganized campaign intended t generate distrust in science, funded by thse whse interests and idelgies are threatened by the findings f mdern science. In respnse, scientists have tended t stress the success f science. After all, scientists have been right abut mst things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrng, but fr many peple it’s nt persuasive. An alternative answer t the questin “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the s-called scientific methd. If yu’ve gt a high schl science textbk lying arund, yu’ll prbably find that answer in it. But what is typically thught t be the scientific methd - develp a hypthesis (假设), then design an experiment t test it — isn’t what scientists actually d. Science is dynamic: new methds get invented; ld nes get abandned; and smetimes, scientists can be fund ding many different things.
If there is n identifiable scientific methd, then what is the reasn fr trust in science? The answer is hw thse claims are evaluated. The cmmn element in mdern science, regardless f the specific field r the particular methds being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) f claims. It’s this tugh, sustained prcess that wrks t make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gne thrugh a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field wh have bth the right and the bligatin (责任) t find faults.
A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens, if nt hundreds, f heads. In areas that have been cntested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thusands. This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist, even a very famus ne, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the mre peple lking at a claim frm different angles — is imprtant.
Des this prcess ever g wrng? Of curse. Scientists are humans. There is always the pssibility f revising a claim n the basis f new evidence. Sme peple argue that we shuld nt trust science because scientists are ”always changing their minds.” While examples f truly settled science being verturned are far fewer than is smetimes claimed, they d exist. But the beauty f this scientific prcess is that it explains what might therwise appear paradxical (矛盾的): that science prduces bth nvelty and stability. Scientists d change their minds in the face f new evidence, but this is a strength f science, nt a weakness.
26. What can we learn abut the s-called scientific methd?
A. It’s an easy jb t prve its existence.B. It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theries.D. It cnstantly changes and prgresses.
27. What des the underlined wrd “vetted” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Explained.B. Examined.C. Repeated.D. Released.
28. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that________.
A. it is nt persuasive t reject thse faulty claims
B. settled science tends t be cllectively verturned
C a leading expert cannt play a decisive rle in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knwledge is the cmmn element in science
29. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Put Yur Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Yur Mind t ScienceD. Explre A Dynamic Way t Science
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然科学的方法不足为信，但是我们依然可以相信科学，因为任何科学论断的评估都经过严格的科学审查，是由集体完成的，并在不断地被完善。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Science is dynamic: new methds get invented; ld nes get abandned; and smetimes, scientists can be fund ding many different things. (科学是动态的：新方法被发明；旧方法被放弃；有时，可以发现科学家在做许多不同的事情。)”可知，所谓的科学方法是在不断改变和进步的。故选D项。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gne thrugh a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field wh have bth the right and the bligatin (责任) t find faults. (在经过漫长的“同行评议”之前，一项科学主张永远不会被认为是正确的，因为评议者是同一领域的专家，他们有权利也有责任找出错误。)”和第四段前两句“A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens, if nt hundreds, f heads. (科学判断的一个关键方面是它是集体完成的。在经过几十个（如果不是几百个的话）人的vetted之前，任何主张都不会被接受。)”可知，科学主张被接受前需要接受同行审查，经受集体论证。由此推知，vetted意为“审查”，和examine意思一致。故选B项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. (科学判断的一个关键方面是它是集体完成的。)”和“This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist, even a very famus ne, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science - the mre peple lking at a claim frm different angles - is imprtant. (这就是为什么如果一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这种说法，我们通常有理由不太担心。这就是为什么科学的多样性——更多的人从不同的角度看待一项主张——是重要的。)”可知，科学审查是由集体完成的，需要多人从不同的角度审视科学论断，一个人的判断不足以影响整体的结论。由此推知，作者会同意“权威专家不能在审查中发挥决定性作用”这一观点。故选C项。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍虽然科学的方法不足为信，但是我们依然可以相信科学，因为任何科学论断的评估都经过严格的科学审查，是由集体完成的，并在不断地被完善。由此可知，A项“相信科学”可概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选A项。
第二节(共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 共 10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children t grw up t be happy and successful.
___30___ A wide range f research, hwever, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements d nt always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, Jhn K. Cffey II, assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Sewanee, the University f the Suth, fund that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhd IQ and adult educatinal success.
In his 29-year study, Cffey used the Fullertn Lngitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies fr a study that nw has run fr mre than 30 years. ___31___ When each baby was 18 mnths ld, ne parent reprted hw ften his r her baby expressed psitive and negative emtins and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 t 8), they cmpleted IQ tests. When babies had grwn int 29-year-ld adults, they reprted hw many years f educatin they had cmpleted and their life satisfactin.
As expected, Cffey fund that regardless f intelligence during infancy r parents’ wealth, happier babies were mre likely t graduate frm high schl and cllege. ___32___ It suggests that happier babies learn mre between infancy and childhd.
___33___ Parents wishing t help their children enjy greater happiness can fcus n small changes they can make in their day-t-day lives t create mre psitive mments. Parents d nt need t aim fr intense experiences r “best day ever” fr their children. Althugh peak experiences can be fun, they als tend t be tiring fr bth children and their parents, which can lead t anxiety and cnflict.
Currently Cffey and ther researchers are explring when and why sme children are happier than thers r whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhd is predicted by relatinships with caregivers and teachers r by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-t-d activities like practising acts f kindness r appreciatin can bst happiness. ___34___
A. We ften think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B. We can use these activities t help children grw int happy and successful adults.
C. T test his thery, Cffey lked at hw intensely children’s emtins are experienced.
D. These happy babies aren’t just grwing up t be successful, but they are als happy adults.
E. Further, happier babies had mre grwth in their IQ scres between infancy and childhd.
F. Anther imprtant clarificatin is that happiness is abut hw ften emtins are experienced.
G. Early n, parents reprted n their backgrund, fr instance, educatin level and emplyment.
【答案】30. A 31. G 32. E 33. F 34. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了快乐的婴儿有优势。
【30题详解】
根据空前的“Parents and teachers want children t grw up t be happy and successful.”以及空后的 “A wide range f research, hwever, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements d nt always make adults happier.”可知，A项（我们常常认为成功最终会使我们快乐。）承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【31题详解】
根据下文的 “When each baby was 18 mnths ld, ne parent reprted hw ften his r her baby expressed psitive and negative emtins and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 t 8), they cmpleted IQ tests. When babies had grwn int 29-year-ld adults, they reprted hw many years f educatin they had cmpleted and their life satisfactin.”可知，实验研究的是父母对孩子幸福感的影响，故参与研究的父母报告他们的背景，以便研究。故G项（很早以前，父母就报告他们的背景，例如教育水平和就业情况。）符合题意，故选G。
【32题详解】
根据上文的 “As expected, Cffey fund that regardless f intelligence during infancy r parents’ wealth, happier babies were mre likely t graduate frm high schl and cllege.”可知，正如所料，科菲发现，无论婴儿时期的智力水平或父母的财富如何，快乐的婴儿更有可能从高中和大学毕业。故E项（此外，快乐的婴儿在婴儿期和儿童期之间的智商得分增长更多。）承接上文，都讲述的是快乐的婴儿的长处，符合题意。故选E。
【33题详解】
本段是让选主题句。根据下文的 “Parents wishing t help their children enjy greater happiness can fcus n small changes they can make in their day-t-day lives t create mre psitive mments.”可知，关于快乐的婴儿的成长，父母也作出了相应的努力，父母对孩子情感的投入额决定着婴儿是否快乐。故F项（另一个重要的解释是，快乐是关于情感经历的频率。）符合题意，故选F。
【34题详解】
根据上文的“Currently, Cffey and ther researchers are explring when and why sme children are happier than thers r whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhd is predicted by relatinships with caregivers and teachers r by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-t-d activities like practising acts f kindness r appreciatin can bst happiness.”可知，本段讲述了一些可以提高孩子幸福感的活动。故B项（我们可以利用这些活动帮助儿童成长为快乐和成功的成年人。）总结本段内容，符合题意。故选B。
第二卷(共三部分, 52 分)
第一部分: 词汇知识(共8小题; 每题1分, 共8分)
根据句意从框词中选择合适的单词, 并使用单词的正确形式完成句子, 每空仅填写一个单词。
35. The island ffers such a wide________ f scenery and wildlife.
36. She gave him a sft________ lk that wuld have melted slid ice.
37. If yu like watching plays r films, refer t ur lcal newspaper. Lcal________ are listed there.
38. He was strngly________ t Gerge’s entry right at the beginning. But finally he agreed.
39. The tallest buildings in Lndn are small in________ with New Yrk’s skyscrapers.
40. In the ruins f war, I saw a slgan, “T thse wh seek peace and________: We supprt yu”.
41. The abnrmal pattern can be________ detected frm time series by this algrithm.
42. ________ut ur arms and legs befre ding a vigrus exercise can prevent us frm getting injured.
【答案】35. variety
36. appealing
37. entertainments
38. ppsed
39. cmparisn
40. security
41. efficiently
42. Stretching
【解析】
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：岛上有各种各样的风景和野生动物。根据句意“种类”可知，此处为名词variety，a wide variety f为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她给了他一个温柔而有吸引力的眼神，足以融化坚硬的冰。根据句意“有吸引力的”可知，此处为形容词appealing，作定语，修饰名词lk。故填appealing。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你喜欢看戏剧或电影，可以参考我们当地的报纸。这里列出了当地的娱乐项目。根据句意“娱乐项目”可知，此处为名词entertainment，作主语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填entertainments。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他一开始就强烈反对乔治的加入。但最后他还是同意了。根据句意“反对的”可知，此处为形容词ppsed，作表语。故填ppsed。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：与纽约的摩天大楼相比，伦敦最高的建筑显得很小。根据句意“比较”可知，此处为名词cmparisn，作介词宾语，in cmparisn with为固定搭配，意为“与……相比”。故填cmparisn。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：在战争的废墟中，我看到了一句口号：“对那些寻求和平与安全的人：我们支持你们。”根据句意“安全”可知，此处为名词security，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填security。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：该算法可以有效地从时间序列中检测出异常模式。根据句意“有效地”可知，此处为副词efficiently，作状语，修饰动词can be detected frm。故填efficiently。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在做剧烈运动之前伸展胳膊和腿可以防止我们受伤。根据句意“伸展”可知，此处为动词stretch，此处为动名词短语作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Stretching。
第二部分: 语法知识(共10小题; 每题1.5分, 共15分)
A
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes that aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each vlume in the set explres a wide range f ____43____ (material), explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____44____ everyday life. ____45____ the number f pssible tpics is practically limitless, we have t fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and explain the basic principles f technlgy. Readers ____46____ (encurage) t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
【答案】43. materials
44. n 45. Because
46. are encuraged
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了数字世界的作用和意义。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：该套书中的每一卷都探讨了广泛的主题材料，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。空处需填名词作宾语，a wide range f后面接可数名词复数形式。故填materials。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，“they have”为定语从句修饰先行词“the influences”。所以应为固定搭配have the influences n sth.“对……有影响”。故填n。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于可能的话题数量实际上是无限的，我们必须重点关注一些最有趣且最有用的应用示例，并解释这些技术的基本原理。上文提到“可能的主题数量实际上是无限的”，下文提到“我们必须重点关注一些最有趣且最有用的应用示例，并解释这些技术的基本原理”，上下文之间为因果关系，且上文表示原因，需用because引导原因状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Because。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：我们鼓励读者在每卷书中特色鲜明的“进一步资源”部分的指导下，继续探索数字世界。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，readers和encurage为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are encuraged。
B
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University ____47____ (publish) several papers n dgs’ ability t detect the warmth f a bdy withut tuching it. Their results shw that, frm 5 feet away, dgs can reliably tell the difference between a 4 inch bject at bdy temperature and ne at rm temperature. The scientists identified a set f nerves in a dg’s nse ____48____ appear t be respnsible. The skin n a dg’s nse can absrb the tiny amunt f infrared light (红外线) leaking frm a warm bject, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense the extra energy, ____49____ (signal) t the brain that smething warm is nearby.
【答案】47. have published
48. that##which
49. signaling
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现狗拥有在不接触身体的情况下感知体温的能力。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几年里，隆德大学的研究人员发表了几篇关于狗在不接触身体的情况下感知体温的能力的论文。根据时间状语“In the past few years”可知应用现在完成时，主语为researchers，助动词用have。故填have published。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在狗的鼻子里发现了一组神经，它们似乎对此负责。此处为定语从句修饰先行词nerves，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：狗鼻子上的皮肤可以吸收从温暖物体中渗出的微量红外光，皮肤内的神经很快就能感觉到额外的能量，向大脑发出信号，表明附近有温暖的物体。分析句子结构可知signal在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nerves构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填signaling。
C
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____50____ (fill) with curisity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river ____51____ he culd find the legendary artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut t find the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved gently alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds ____52____ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist n earth, Mther Nature.
【答案】50. Filled
51. where 52. surrunding
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代的一位艺术家，到丽江去向世界上最伟大的艺术家学习。到了以后，这位艺术家终于被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然所折服。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：充满好奇心的艺术家收拾好行囊便出发了。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，be filled with为固定搭配，意为“充满”，此处需用过去分词短语作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Filled。
【51题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当他问河边的村民们哪里能找到那位传说中的艺术家时，他们微笑着指向河的下游。空处引导定语从句，先行词n the banks f the river，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到从河中升起的薄雾和环绕着山顶的柔软云朵时，他不禁流下了眼泪。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，cluds和surrund为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填surrunding。
第三部分: 书面表达(共两节, 29分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题; 第1-2题每小题2分, 第3题5分, 满分9分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Mbile Translatrs
Nt that lng ag, prtable (便携的) translatin devices were nly cmmnplace in wrks f science fictin. Travelers wh headed t freign cuntries tk dictinaries r phrasebks with them. But nw peple can access instant translatin services almst anywhere they g.
Online translatins are free, and when yu use translatin apps like Ggle Translate r iTranslate, smetimes yu dn’t even have t lk things up! Just pint yur phne’s camera at sme text, and a translatin instantly appears. If yu want t translate smething being said alud, just turn n yur phne’s micrphne. Sme apps even have a cnversatin mde where yu take turns speaking with smene in a different language.
Translatin apps make freign travel much easier than befre. They are valuable when it cmes t cmmunicating with taxi drivers r htel staff wh dn’t speak yur language. But these apps are far frm perfect. Smetimes a translatin makes n sense, and yu can nly guess what it mainly means. Other times, yu might nt knw that the translatin has failed until yu try it n a native speaker.
Althugh these apps are nt perfect, yu’ll still feel surprised when cnsidering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. Yu might nt appreciate hw advanced mdern translatin systems are! Translatrs use machine learning t cmpare millins f examples f human translated texts. That infrmatin helps the prgram reprduce mre natural sunding translatins based n real-wrld examples. Peple can flag incrrect r unhelpful translatins and suggest better nes. This input is then used t make future translatins better.
With prgrams like Ggle Translate, it can be hard t get gd translatins fr single wrds because mst wrds have multiple meanings. It’s better t try shrt sentences that prvide cntext instead. But make the sentence straightfrward. Anything t cmplicated r idimatic will likely prduce unusual results.
As peple cntinue t use translatin services, translatins will imprve. One day yu might nt have t wrry abut a pr translatin causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids fr explring and understanding the wrld arund yu.
53. Hw d the translatin apps make freign travel easier than befre?
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54. Hw can yu get the mst crrect translatins when using the mbile translatrs?
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55. Wuld yu like t use mbile translatrs in yur daily life? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】53. They are valuable when it cmes t cmmunicating with taxi drivers r htel staff wh dn’t speak yur language.
54. T get the mst crrect translatins with mbile translatrs, it’s better t use shrt, straightfrward sentences that prvide cntext, rather than single wrds r cmplex phrases, as this reduces the chances f prducing unusual r unclear results.
55. Yes, I wuld like t use mbile translatrs in my daily life because they facilitate cmmunicatin and help me understand different cultures. They make interactins smther and enhance my travel experiences while explring new places.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了移动翻译设备带来的积极影响，表达了作者对于移动翻译未来的乐观态度。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Translatin apps make freign travel much easier than befre. They are valuable when it cmes t cmmunicating with taxi drivers r htel staff wh dn’t speak yur language.( 翻译软件让出国旅行比以前容易多了。在与不会说你的语言的出租车司机或酒店工作人员交流时，它们很有价值。)”可知，当涉及到与你语言不通的出租车司机或酒店员工交流时，它们很有价值，因此使国外旅行比以前更容易。故答案是：They are valuable when it cmes t cmmunicating with taxi drivers r htel staff wh dn’t speak yur language.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“With prgrams like Ggle Translate, it can be hard t get gd translatins fr single wrds because mst wrds have multiple meanings. It’s better t try shrt sentences that prvide cntext instead. But make the sentence straightfrward. Anything t cmplicated r idimatic will likely prduce unusual results. (使用像谷歌翻译这样的程序，单个单词很难得到好的翻译，因为大多数单词都有多种含义。最好使用能提供上下文的短句。但是句子要简单明了。任何太复杂或太习惯的东西都可能产生不寻常的结果。)”可知，为了获得最正确的翻译，最好使用简短、直接的句子来提供上下文，而不是使用单个单词或复杂的短语，因为这样可以减少产生不寻常或不清楚结果的可能性。故答案是：T get the mst crrect translatins with mbile translatrs, it’s better t use shrt, straightfrward sentences that prvide cntext, rather than single wrds r cmplex phrases, as this reduces the chances f prducing unusual r unclear results.
【55题详解】
考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及最后一段“As peple cntinue t use translatin services, translatins will imprve. One day yu might nt have t wrry abut a pr translatin causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids fr explring and understanding the wrld arund yu.( 随着人们继续使用翻译服务，翻译将得到改进。有一天，你可能不必担心一个糟糕的翻译会导致一个尴尬的误解。但如果使用得当，它们仍然是探索和理解你周围世界的极好帮手。)”并结合题干问题可知，我会在日常生活中使用移动翻译，因为他们方便沟通，帮助我了解不同的文化。它们使互动更顺畅，在探索新地方的同时增强了我的旅行体验。故答案是：Yes, I wuld like t use mbile translatrs in my daily life because they facilitate cmmunicatin and help me understand different cultures. They make interactins smther and enhance my travel experiences while explring new places.
第二节(满分20分)
56. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim近期将来北京旅游。他打算去一个有特色的公园游玩，发来邮件让你推荐一个。请给他回信，内容包括：
1.公园名称及推荐理由；
2.建议他做哪些准备。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m very glad t hear that yu’re planning t visit Beijing in Nvember. As yur friend, I’d like t recmmend the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace is ne f the mst famus imperial gardens in China and a Wrld Heritage Site. It has a lng histry and beautiful scenery.
When yu visit the park, I suggest yu start frm the East Gate, where yu can visit the Marble Bat, the Lng Crridr, and the Hall f Benevlence and Lngevity. Then, yu can walk alng the lake t the Suth Lake Island, where yu can enjy the beautiful scenery f the lake and the surrunding muntains.
I hpe my recmmendatins can help yu.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封邮件，就其即将来北京旅行，推荐适合的公园。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
著名的：famus→well-knwn
欣赏：enjy→appreciate
帮助：help→assist
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：The Summer Palace is ne f the mst famus imperial gardens in China and a Wrld Heritage Site. It has a lng histry and beautiful scenery.
拓展句：The Summer Palace, which has a lng histry and beautiful scenery, is ne f the mst famus imperial gardens in China and a Wrld Heritage Site.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
I’m very glad t hear that yu’re planning t visit Beijing in Nvember.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Then, yu can walk alng the lake t the Suth Lake Island, where yu can enjy the beautiful scenery f the lake and the surrunding muntains.（运用了where引导非限制性定语从句）
T: David Russel＜drusell@mmail.rg＞
Frm: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@jtext.cm＞
Date: January 12
Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel,
Welcme t wrk here fr a few days. I am writing t let yu knw that Rger Williams, ne f ur staff members, will pick yu up at the airprt n Sunday evening. We have a htel arrangement fr yu just next t ur ffice building. As a ppular writer f children’s literature, yu will be giving a presentatin in ur bardrm. All f us are expecting the new cntents in yur bks, which will surely include yur understanding f children’s literature. We hpe t learn mre frm yu abut hw t efficiently rganize cntents and develp written cmmunicatin skills. At yur request, I was abut t arrange several meetings with yur cauthrs t discuss revisins t yur series f children’s stries, which will be an imprtant part during yur stay here. Because f the tight schedule, yu will prbably have sme busy days here. But we will try ur best t ensure that yu can have a high efficiency. All details are prvided belw.
Mn.
9:00 a.m.
Presentatin n new cntents
11:00 a.m.
Lunch meeting with Thmas Wd (illustratr)
Tue.
9:30 a.m.
Breakfast with Gary Willsn (bk designer)
11:20 a.m.
Cnference call with Sctt West (the CEO f Walter Publishing)
2:00 p.m.
Meeting with Hank Willis abut sme f the chapters
Wed.
9:00 a.m.
Meeting with Gerg Hffmann t translate sme dcuments int English
11:00 a.m.
Editing sessin with Jse Wright
After the final meeting n Wednesday, we will drive yu t West Twn Statin by 4:00 p.m. Yur train frm the statin t the airprt will depart at 4:30 p.m. and yur flight is scheduled t leave at 6:10 p.m.
If there is anything unsuitable fr the arrangement, please let me knw and we will adjust the schedule as sn as pssible.
Lking frward t meeting yu next week.
Alyssa
secure entertain vary ppse appeal efficient stretch cmpare