人教版初中英语八年级（上）寒假第09讲 动词不定式 学案

这是一份人教版初中英语八年级（上）寒假第09讲 动词不定式 学案，共5页。学案主要包含了基础知识，考点剖析，真题演练，过关检测等内容，欢迎下载使用。

用法详解：
在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。动词不定式由“t+动词原形” 构成，有时t省略，直接由动词原形构成。否定式由“nt t+动词原形” 构成。
如：We decided t g n hiking thugh we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。
The girl tried nt t wake up her mther. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。
1. 动词不定式作宾语
（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+t d” 结构）常见的有：
learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定
try 尽力 chse 选择 agree 同意
refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 ffer 主动
wuld like / want 想要 expect 期望
hpe / wish 希望 prmise 承诺
affrd 负担得起 prefer 喜欢
help 帮助(help t d / help d) like 喜欢(like t d / ding)
cntinue 继续(cntinue t d / ding)
begin / start 开始(begin / start t d / ding)
如：I wuld like t have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。
（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。
如：We fund it difficult t understand what yu said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。
（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（wh，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+t d” 结构），常见的有：shw 表明、指示；knw 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。
如：Larry didn’t knw hw t tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。
2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
（1）接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb.+t d结构，否定式“动词+sb.+nt t d” ）常见的有：
tell 告诉 ask 请 rder 命令
warn 警告 teach 教 want 想要
wish 希望 expect 期望 encurage 鼓励
allw 允许 invite 邀请 advise 建议
require 要求 frce 强迫
如：D yu want me t find ut the phne number? 你想要我找出那个电话号码吗？
（2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb.+d ），要省略t。这类及物动词常见的有：
let 让 make 使 have 使
see 看见 watch 注视 hear 听到
ntice 注意到 feel 感觉起来
被动语态中要还原t，如 make sb. d被动语态变为 sb. be made t d。
如：I saw him read in the library yesterday. 我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读
3. 动词不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末。t表示目的、为了。
如：T learn math well, yu must d mre exercises. 为了学好数学，你必须多做练习。
We came here t ask yu fr help. 我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。
4. 不定式的常见句型
【考点剖析】
考点一：动词不定式作宾语
1．After the lecture began, everyne stpped ________ t the speaker carefully.
A．listeningB．t listenC．listenD．listens
2．My elder sister hpes ________ a pilt ne day.
A．me t dB．t beC．me beingD．me t be
考点二：动词不定式作宾补
3．Parents shuld encurage their kids ________ mre t keep healthy.
A．exercisingB．t exerciseC．exercise
4．—Why are yu s sad?
—Because Jim didn’t invite me _______ a picnic with him this weekend.
A．haveB．t haveC．having
5．The dctr advised Mr. Wu t much meat t lse sme weight.
A．nt eatB．t eatC．nt eatingD．nt t eat
考点三：动词不定式作目的状语
6．Millins f Chinese peple leave the cuntryside ________ fr wrk in the cities.
A．searchB．searchingC．t searchD．searched
7．We shuld d what we can ____ ur eyes frm the sun and the screen (屏幕) ______ wear thick glasses.
A．t prevent; in rder nt tB．t prtect; in rder nt t
C．prevent; in rder t ntD．prtect; in rder t nt
8．—Oh, hw ld these phts are!
—My father keeps them ________ himself remember his pr childhd.
A．t makeB．makeC．makingD．made
考点四：不定式的常见句型
9．She was busy ________ fr her exam and t busy ______ with me at that time.
A．preparing, t talkingB．t prepare; talkingC．preparing; talkedD．preparing; t talk
10．It is gd ________ by using the Internet.
A．t relaxB．relaxedC．relaxing
11．I think ________ easy ________ English every mrning.
A．that; keep readingB．it’s; keep reading
C．that; t keep readingD．it; t keep reading
【真题演练】
12．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）It’s imprtant fr the disabled ________ the ability t make a living.
A．t haveB．haveC．havingD．has
13．They are wrking hard ________ tigers.
A．savedB．saveC．t save
14．Whether sprtsmen, sprtswmen r vlunteers, peple used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A．makeB．makingC．madeD．t make
15．The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables acrss the cuntry.
A．sellB．sellingC．t sellD．sld
16．Gd news cmes that China has sent Shenzhu XIV t space ________ the unknwn wrld.
A．explreB．explredC．explringD．t explre
17．We shuld have a healthy diet, prper exercise and enugh sleep ________ fit.
A．keepingB．t keepC．keepD．kept
18．________ heavy traffic, please get up and set ut early.
A．T avidB．AvidC．AvidingD．Avided
19．________ a shared future, we shuld learn frm each ther and help each ther.
A．CreateB．T createC．Creating
20．—I ften watch talk shws n TV.
—I enjy watching the news. I hpe ________ what’s ging n arund the wrld.
A．find utB．t find utC．finding ut
21．Our teacher ften tells us _________ acrss the rad when the traffic light is red.
A．gB．gingC．dn’t gD．nt t g
22．Remember ________ the light when yu leave the classrm.
A．turn ffB．t turn ffC．turning ff
23．—It is cnvenient ________ us ________ things nline.
—S it is.
A．fr; t buyB．f; t buyC．fr; buy
24．— Father, I’m afraid I can’t win the English cmpetitin.
— Believe in yurself, my girl, and tell yurself ________ .
A．dn’t give upB．nt t give upC．t give up
25．—Peter always remembers ________ the light ff when he leaves the rm.
—That’s great. It’s a gd way t save energy.
A．shutB．shuttingC．t shut
26．The teacher tld us ________ t much nise because the ther students were having an exam.
A．t nt makeB．nt t makeC．nt makeD．nt making
27．If yu want ________ yur prnunciatin, keep n practicing every day.
A．imprveB．imprvedC．imprvingD．t imprve
28．Kitty, these bks are ________ heavy fr yu ________ carry. Let me help yu.
A．as…asB．t…tC．such…thatD．s…that
29.As teenagers, we are nt allwed ___mbile phnes int schl s that we can fcus n ur schlwrk.
A．bringB．t bringC．bringingD．brught
30．The new year is cming. Teachers encurage us ________ new hbbies.
A．develpB．develpingC．t develpD．develped
【过关检测】
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
31．Miss Ga is preparing a talk n hw _________ (slve) teenager prblems.
32．In the stry f Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted ________ (steal) the medicine.
33．I plan ________ (send) a gift t my father tmrrw fr Father’s Day.
34．The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the crrect answer.
35．It’s kind f yu ______ (help) the ld crss the rad.
36．Father asks me ________ (nt play) cmputer befre finishing my hmewrk.
37．The jke made him ________ (laugh) again and again.
38．Yu shuld try yur best ________ (avid) making mistakes while taking an imprtant exam.
39．Teachers fund it imprtant ________ (give) them chances t learn by themselves.
40．What lifestyles shuld we give up ________ (prevent) the spread f the crna virus?
41．D yu ften hear yur neighbur ________ (sing) next dr?
42．Lily is t yung _____ (slve) the prblem.
43．It is necessary fr us ________ enugh water every day. （drink）
44．The best time ________ (climb) Muntain Tai is in May.
45．Peter asked me ________ (give) his best wishes t my parents.
46．Mr Wu advised us ________ (nt be) dishnest because that wuld make us lse friends.
47．Gd bks are like gd friends. Our teachers expect us ______ (read) mre gd bks.
48．In my eyes, listening t English sngs is a great way ________ (learn) this language well.
49．Dn’t frget ________ (read) new wrds alud every day.
50．Sme peple use the Internet ______ (get) mney by cheating.
51．My mther prmises ________ (make) a birthday cake fr me every year.
52．I’m very tired. I need t stp ________ (have) a rest nw.
53．I ften hear a girl ________ (sing) in the huse, but I dn’t knw her.
54．It is very hard ________ (take) in air as yu get near the tp f The Himalayas.
55．It’s gd ________(hear) that ur class wn the ftball game.
56．It’s a gd idea _______ (visit) the Great Wall in spring r autumn because it’s nt t ht r t cld.
57．It tk Linda an hur ________ (d) her hmewrk last night.
58．I want t have a chance ________ (see) a famus cncert.
59．He can’t wait __________ (g) hme t watch the ftball match.
60．The teacher invited each parent __________ a gift t the schl fr their children. (bring)