人教版初中英语八年级（上）寒假第01讲 不定代词和频度副词 学案

这是一份人教版初中英语八年级（上）寒假第01讲 不定代词和频度副词 学案，共8页。学案主要包含了基础知识，易错警示，考点剖析，真题演练，过关检测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、初中常见的不定代词
(1)表示不同范围
(2)表示肯定或否定
2.常考的几组易错不定代词辨析
（1）bth, either与neither
（2）all, any 与nne
(3)each与every
（4）sme与any
(5)a few,few,a little与little
（6）ther, the ther ,thers, the thers 与anther
复合不定代词：
复合不定代词是由sme, any, n, every加-bdy,-thing,-ne构成，列表如下：
由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法，是考试中比较常见的考点。
一：复合不定代词和部分否定
部分否定是考试中的热门考点，常表达的结构有两种：1：nt+全部肯定词 2：助 动词+nt+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都，不都”。前者是一般形态，如：Nt everyne likes English. 由于是基本概念，学生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似，容易引起学生判断上的疑惑，是出题的焦点。
二：复合不定代词的定语位置
复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候，定语必须放在不定代词后面。复合不定代词+形容词/副词：如nthing interesting; smething new
三：复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everything that glittered is nt gld. Nthing except fr a few bks was left fr him by his father.
【易错警示】
复合不定代词的用法区别
1． 大家都知道，带sme的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句；而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句，如：I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
If there is anything wrng, please let me knw.
但是，带sme 的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求，建议，询问的疑问句中。如：Wuld yu like smething t eat?
2. 带any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人，任何事”的意思。
Anyne wh breaks the law will be thrwn int prisn.
As a teacher, I wuld d anything fr my students.
特别要注意的是带any的复合不定代词不能再用否定式。如：
Anything culd nt be seen in that dark rm. (F)
要表达否定意思，只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如：
Nthing culd be seen in that dark rm.
3. 指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写，其意思和用法不同，以any为例。
anyne 仅指人 任何人，某人， 不和f连用
any ne 即指人，也指物， 任何一个的意思 可以于f连用
Anyne can d the jb.
Any ne f us can d the jb.
4. 一般情况下，用nthing 回答以what 开头的问题，nbdy (n ne) 回答wh 开头的问题。
-----What’s n the table? ----- Nthing.
-----Wh is in the classrm?--------Nbdy. ( N ne).
二、频度副词：
频度副词是副词的一种，通常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。我们已经学到的频度副词有always, usually, smetimes, never。按照频率发生的高低依次为always（总是）>usually（通常）>smetimes（有时）>never（从不）。
Jhn always cmes late. 约翰总是迟到。
I usually g t schl by bus. 我通常乘公共汽车去上学。
He smetimes plays vlleyball after schl. 他有时放学后打排球。
I never drink milk. 我从不喝牛奶。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
（1）频度副词一般位于实义动词之前，系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后，在句中作状语。
We never eat junk fd. 我们从不吃垃圾食品。
Lucy is smetimes very busy. 露西有时很忙。
（2）有些频度副词（如smetimes）位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末。
Smetimes, Jack plays cmputer games. 有时杰克玩电脑游戏。
3. 对频度副词提问时，用hw ften。
—Hw ften d yu exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？
—Hardly ever. 几乎从不。
【考点剖析】
考点一：常见不定代词的用法
1．（2022·广东·广州大学附属中学八年级期中）There are many students n the playgrund. Sme are running. ________ are playing.
A．OtherB．AntherC．OthersD．The ther
2．（2022·河北石家庄·八年级期中）—There are ________ vegetables in the fridge. Will yu g shpping with me?
—Srry, I have t d my hmewrk first.
A．a fewB．fewC．a littleD．little
3．（2022·重庆南开中学八年级期中）—D yur classmates wrk hard, Lucy?
—Yes, ________ f them ges t schl late.
A．allB．bthC．eachD．nne
4．（2022·广东广州·八年级期中）They have ________ ranges, but I dn’t have ________.
A．sme; anyB．any; smeC．any; anyD．sme; sme
5．（2022·湖北武汉·八年级期中）—Hw ften d yu write e-mails t yur brther?
—Only nce a mnth. ________ f us has much time.
A．NeitherB．NneC．EitherD．Bth
考点二：复合不定代词的用法
6．（2022·广东·广州市第七中学八年级期中）— Oh, this cffee is wnderful. Wuld yu like ________?
— Thanks, but I dn’t feel like drinking ________ nw.
A．sme, smethingB．any, anythingC．sme, anythingD．any, smething
7．（2022·河北石家庄·八年级期中）—Did yu buy ________ when yu were n vacatin?
—Yes, I bught a cmputer.
A．smething specialB．anything specialC．special smethingD．special anything
8．（2022·江苏南京·八年级期中）—I didn’t pass the math exam yesterday. I’m s sad.
—Dn’t lse hpe! ________ is impssible if yu put yur heart int it.
A．NthingB．SmethingC．EverythingD．Anything
9．（2022·广东广州·八年级期中）I dn’t knw where Mr White has gne. Yu’d better ask ________.
A．else smebdyB．ther smebdyC．smebdy elseD．anybdy else
考点三： 频度副词
10．（2022·上海嘉定·八年级期中）I think Martin lives an unhealthy life because he _______ des sprts.
A．usuallyB．seldmC．ftenD．always
11．（2022·河北唐山·八年级期末）—Miss Ga is very ppular with her students.
—Yes. Her classes are ________ lively and interesting.
A．seldmB．alwaysC．smetimesD．never
12．（2021·四川省遂宁市第二中学校八年级期中）—________ d yu exercise?
—I play tennis ________ a week.
A．Hw lng, twiceB．Hw ften, secndC．Hw ften, twiceD．Hw lng, secnd
【真题演练】
13．（2022·西藏·中考真题）Lucy has tw brthers. One is a wrker, ________ is a teacher.
A．therB．thersC．the thersD．the ther
14．（2022·上海·中考真题）Make sure _______ has the textbks when the new term starts.
A．nbdyB．anybdyC．smebdyD．everybdy
15．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）— Cffee r milk, Jeff?
— ________ is OK. I care little abut it.
A．BthB．NneC．EitherD．Neither
16．（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）Learning is a life-lng jurney, fr it brings us ________ new every day.
A．everythingB．nthingC．anythingD．smething
17．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Cffee r tea, Frank?
—Cffee, please. T get relaxed, ________ is better than a cup f cffee.
A．nthingB．anythingC．smethingD．everything
18．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）—T g abrad r nt t g after graduatin, it’s a questin.
—Yu may take ________ f the rads. But being hme in the end matters.
A．neitherB．eitherC．bthD．nne
19．（2022·新疆·中考真题）—Yu never give up in difficult situatins.
—I believe ________ is impssible t a hpeful heart.
A．nthingB．anythingC．everythingD．smething
20．There isn’t ________ in the classrm. All the students are having a PE lessn in the playgrund.
A．smebdyB．anybdyC．nbdyD．everybdy
21．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）All f us can’t avid making mistakes. After all, ________ is perfect.
A．smebdyB．anybdyC．everybdyD．nbdy
22．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）— Did yu d ________ special fr yur mther n her birthday?
— Yes. I cked lng ndles fr her.
A．nthingB．smethingC．everythingD．anything
23．—D yu knw ________ abut the fur classic nvels f Chinese literature (文学)?
—Yes, I learn ________ interesting abut Jurney t the west.
A．anything; anythingB．smething; anything
C．smething; smethingD．anything; smething
24．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—What’s the matter with my thrat, dctr?
—______. Drinking mre ht water is OK.
A．Smething seriusB．Nthing serius
C．Serius smethingD．Serius nthing
25．（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Peple shuld ________ pick up the rubbish whenever they see it.
A．neverB．seldmC．smetimesD．always
26．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）Tina gets up early every mrning, s she is ________ late fr schl.
A．ftenB．alwaysC．usuallyD．never
27．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）The little by is ________ angry with his parents because he thinks they lve his sister mre.
A．neverB．seldmC．ften
【过关检测】
28．（2022·广东广州·八年级期中）Mary wanted t have a wrd with Tm. She had ________ t tell him.
A．imprtant smethingB．nthing imprtant
C．anything imprtantD．smething imprtant
29．—Wuld yu like ________ t drink? It’s s ht tday.
—Great, a glass f cld cke please.
A．smething cldB．cld smethingC．anything cldD．cld anything
30．（2022·广东·深圳市高级中学八年级期中）—Is there ________ wrng with the cmputer?
— N. ________ is wrng.
A．smething; NthingB．nthing; AnythingC．anything; Nthing
31．—Did yu buy anything n Duble Eleventh Festival? Things were much cheaper than usual.
—________ at all. I have n interest in nline shpping.
A．N neB．NthingC．NtD．N
32．—Tm, yu played the pian very well at the cncert. Wh taught yu?
—________. I taught myself.
A．SmebdyB．AnybdyC．NbdyD．Everybdy
33．（2022·北京市师达中学八年级期中）—Did everyne have a gd time?
—Oh, yes. ________ was excellent. We lve it s much.
A．SmethingB．NthingC．AnythingD．Everything
34．（2022·上海同济大学附属存志学校八年级期中）They asked him t leave—________ he was fired.
A．in ther wrdB．in anther wrdC．in ther wrdsD．in anther wrds
35．—T my great surprise, ________ f my students helps with husewrk at hme.
—That’s why Labr educatin (劳动教育) is necessary.
A．allB．nneC．n neD．bth
36．（2022·广东·广州市第十六中学八年级期中）Is ________ in the classrm? I can’t see ________ in the playgrund.
A．smebdy; everybdyB．nbdy; everybdy
C．anybdy; smebdyD．everybdy; anybdy
37．（2022·湖北省水果湖第一中学八年级期中）— Which f the tw dresses will yu take?
— I’ll take ________. One is fr my cusin and the ther is fr my sister.
A．eitherB．bthC．allD．neither
38．（2022·四川·成都七中八年级期中）—Is yur friend Jack still in America?
—I dn’t knw. I have ______ infrmatin abut him because we haven’t seen each ther fr _____ years.
A．a little; a fewB．little; a fewC．a few; a little
39．Sme children are playing games and ________ are talking happily in the park.
A．thersB．therC．the therD．each ther
40．（2022·江苏扬州·八年级期末）—Excuse me, can I take a bus t the museum?
—Srry, ________ f the buses ges there. Yu can walk there.
A．nneB．bthC．allD．each
41．（2022·江苏南通·八年级期末）There are many trees n ________ side f the street.
A．eitherB．bthC．anyD．every
42．（2022·河北邯郸·八年级期末）We have tw freign classmates. One is Tm, and ________ is David.
A．thersB．the therC．antherD．ther
43．（2022·山东日照·八年级期末）—________ des yur father play tennis after wrk?
—________ Tuesday and Thursday.
A．Hw; OnB．Hw many; Bth
C．Hw ften; EveryD．Hw much; All
44．This is an ld sng, s ________ yung peple knw abut it.
A．manyB．fewC．a littleD．little
45.Yu have t make sure that ___ spns f butter and __ lettuce yu need befre making the sandwich.
A．hw much; hw manyB．hw many; hw muchC．hw much; hw much
46．Nt ________ enjys sprts. But we must d sprts t stay healthy.
A．smeneB．anyneC．everyneD．nbdy
47．（2022·吉林四平·八年级期末）—Wuld yu like t have ________ sandwich?
—N, thanks. That’s enugh.
A．therB．antherC．thers
48．There are tw girls in the rm. One is singing and ________ is dancing.
A．thersB．antherC．the therD．the thers
49．I was t excited t say ________ wrds after winning the ftball match.
A．smeB．anyC．nD．every
50．（2022·辽宁抚顺·八年级期末）My uncle has tw children. But ________ f them lives with him.
A．neitherB．eitherC．nneD．bth
51．—Where wuld yu like t g tmrrw, the East Lake r the Yellw Crane Twer?
—________ is OK fr me. It’s up t yu.
A．EitherB．BthC．NeitherD．All
52．（2022·陕西·西工大附中分校八年级期末）He felt dwn because he had ________ friends and________ mney.
A．few, littleB．a few, a littleC．fewer, mreD．mre, less
53．There is _________ cking il left in the bttle. Culd yu g t the supermarket and get _________?
A．a little; anyB．little; anyC．a little; smeD．little; sme
54．（2022·河北石家庄·八年级期中）—I can nly play basketball nce a week. Hw abut yu?
—Yu are lucky. I ________ play basketball.
A．alwaysB．usuallyC．ftenD．hardly ever
55．Judy is warm-heated but busy, s she can nly vlunteer in the neighburhd ________.
A．seldmB．alwaysC．smetimesD．never
56．（2022·山东济南·八年级期末）— Hw ften d yu have PE at schl?
— ________, usually n Tuesday and Friday.
A．Once a weekB．Fr a weekC．Twice a weekD．A week ag
57．—Why d peple in freign cuntries ________ use umbrellas in the sun?
—Because they enjy the sunshine.
A．smetimesB．hardlyC．usuallyD．ften
58．（2021·河北·蠡县教师发展中心八年级期末）—Ms. Yang is very ppular amng the students.
—Yes. Her classes are ________ lively（有活力的）.
A．alwaysB．smetimesC．hardlyD．every
59．（2021·河北石家庄·八年级期中）—Sally, hw ften d yu use the Internet?
—________.
A．TwiceB．Tw times a dayC．Twice a weekD．Tw times
60．（2021·安徽六安·八年级期中）Mike ________ runs in the mrning, because he wants t be healthy.
A．neverB．ftenC．hardlyD．seldm
含义
范围
都
都不
任何一个
每一
两者
bth
neither
Either
each
三者以上
all
Nne
any
Every
表肯定
bth, all, each, every, a little, a few
表否定
neither, nne, any, n ne, little, few
相同点
均用于两个人或物
不同点
bth
指“两者都”，常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数
either
指“两者中任意一个”，常与r连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数
neither
指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”，通常与nr连用，作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数
相同点
均用于三个或三个以上的人或物
不同点
all
指“三个或三个以上的人或物的全部”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为nne
any
指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”只能作定语。
nne
指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个（全否定）”，相当于nt any
代词
Each
Every
不同点
作形容词或代词，可单独使用
仅用作定语，不可单独使用
强调个体
强调整体
指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
后可加f 短语
后不可加f短语
相同点
“each/every+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式
相同点
均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量
不同点
sme
一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定的回答。
any
多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何一个/一些”
肯定含义
否定含义
所修饰的名词
a few一些，几个
few 几乎没有
可数名词复数
a little一点
little几乎没有
不可数名词
不定代词
意义
用法
ther
另外的
+复数名词/不可数名词，作定语，没有范围限制
常与many, any, sme 等词连用修饰名词
the ther
两者中的另一个
其余的
+单数可数名词，常与ne 连用，构成ne…,the ther…
+复数名词/不可数名词，作定语，有范围限制
thers
另一些人/物
=ther +复数名词（没范围限制）。不修饰名词。习惯搭配sme…thers…
the thers
其余的人/物
=the ther+名词复数，不修饰名词。表示“其余的全部”有范围限制
anther
再一的，另一的
+单数名词，表示“再一，另一个（三者或三者以上中的另一个）”
再，又（多）
Smebdy 某人
Smene 某人
Smething 某物，某事
Anybdy 任何人
Anyne 任何人
Anything 任何事物
Nbdy 没有人
N ne 没有人
Nthing 没有东西
Everybdy 每人
Everyne 每人
Everything 一切