新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题16：阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题16：阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题16阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略解析版doc、新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题16阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略原题版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共60页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、【应用文解法策略】
审题口诀：
应用文体较容易，快速浏览明大意。
跳读内容重细节，亦可舍文先读题。
相关内容细比对，信息吻合破无机。
[方法1].先题后文法
应用文体文章比较长，此时我们不必记住所有信息，可以先阅读题目，带着问题阅读，多注意细节，如时间、地点、人物或数据等，简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。尤其是广告文章的阅读一般采取跳读、略读等快速阅读法，快速浏览信息，搜索对比。对文中信息的快速处理能力是考查阅读理解能力的重要方面。
【典例剖析】
(Yu may read the questins first.)
1. What is the theme f this year’s cmpetitin?
A. Technlgy advances science.
B. Science interacts with technlgy.
C. Science has made the study f histry easy.
D. Technlgy has imprved the life f Americans.
2. What wuld a participant have t d with an essay f 1,500 wrds t meet the categry requirement?
A. Include mre infrmatin in the essay.B. Remve the references.
C. Prvide a cver fr the essay.D. Explain the details with illustratins.
3. What will the cmmittee f teachers d n February 19?
A. Preview perfrmances and dcumentaries.
B. Make cmments n the materials.
C. Imprve the participant’s first draft.
D. Cllect a secnd prpsal frm the participant.
[方法2]. 题干定位法
应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用＂题干定位法＂，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
【典例剖析】
Mnthly Talks at Lndn Canal Museum
Our mnthly talks start at 19:30 n the first Thursday f each mnth except August. Admissin is at nrmal charges and yu dn’t need t bk. They end arund 21:00.
Nvember 7th
The Canal Pineers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recgnized as ne f the leading early canal engineers. He was als a majr player in training thers in the art f canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain hw Brindley made such a psitive cntributin t the educatin f that grup f early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice fr the Metrplis, by Malclm Tucker. Well befre the arrival f freezers, there was a demand fr ice fr fd preservatin and catering, Malclm will explain the histry f imprting natural ice and the technlgy f building ice wells, and hw Lndn’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update n the Ctswrd Canals, by Liz Payne. The Strudwater Canal is mving twards repening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little lnger. We will have a reprt n the present state f play.
March 6th
Eyts and Aits -Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review f all f them. She will tell us abut thse f greatest interest.
Online
Mre inf:
Lndn Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Rad, Lndn NI 9RT

Tel:020 77130836
1. When is the talk n James Brindley?
A. February 6th.B. March 6th.
C. Nvember 7th.D. December 5th.
2. What is the tpic f the talk in February?
A. The Canal Pineers. B. Ice fr the Metrplis
C. Eyts and Aits- Thames Islands D. An Update n the Ctswrd Canals
3. Wh will give the talk n the islands in the Thames.
A. Miranda Vickers B. Malclm Tucker C. Chris Lewis D. Liz Payne
[方法3]. 选项排除法
排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。
【典例剖析】
Rubbermaid Cmmercial Stainless(不锈的) Steel Oven Mnitring Thermmeter(温度计) FGTHO550
by Rubbermaid Cmmercial Prducts
4.3 ut f 5 stars 2,274 custmer reviews
Price: $7.01
Clr: Metallic
Made f wearable stainless steel, this ven thermmeter is designed t endure the test f the tughest prfessinal and hme kitchens. The scale reads in bth Fahrenheit and Celsius, and it features clearly marked temperature differences t aid accurate readings. Easy t install, the thermmeter cmes equipped with a cnvenient hanger, s it can be suspended frm an ven rail. Its self-standing design als allws it t stand upright n a baking pan in the ven.
Easy-t-Real Dial
This ven thermmeter measure and displays true ven temperature, helping t ensure precise result when preparing fd.
Durable Stainless Steel Design
With its stainless steel cnstructin and rck-resistant lens, this thermmeter withstands tugh and repeated use. And with its lng 10-year warranty, it’s sure t becme ne f yur kitchen mainstays.
Abut manufacturer
Rubbermaid Cmmercial Prducts, headquartered in Winchester, Va., is a manufacturer f innvative, slutin-based prducts fr cmmercial and institutinal markets wrldwide. Since 1968, RCP has pineered technlgies and system slutins in the categries f fd prep services, cleaning maintenance, waste handling, material transprt, and safety prducts.
Prduct details
Prduct Dimensins: 6.1 × 4.5×1.5 inches; 1 pund
Dmestic Shipping: Item can be shipped within U.S.
Internatinal Shipping: This item can be shipped t selected cuntries utside f the U.S. Learn Mre
Amazn Best Sellers Rank:
# 1 in Hme& Kitchen＞ Oven Thermmeters
Special ffers and prduct prmtins
Pay with yur credit r yur Amazn.cm Gift Card. Apply nw.
1. Which f the fllwing features des the prducts enjy?
A. It’s made f quality plastic easy t be bent.
B. It is assisted with electrnic dial reading system
C. It culd be psitined within the ven in tw days.
D. It is resistant t shake and pressure.
2. Which descriptin abut the prduct is TRUE?
A. It prvides uncnditinal dmestic and internatinal shipping
B. It sells best in Oven Thermmeters sectin n Amazn.
C. Over 3000 custmers have cmmented n the prduct.
D. It culd be paid fr nly thrugh credit card.
3. Which f the fllwing prducts is NOT likely t be manufactured by Rubbermaid Cmmercial Prducts?
A. Deskside Plastic Wastebasket.
B. Airtight Snack Cntainer
C. Full Pan Carrier
D. Over-ear Bass Sund Stere Headphnes
二、【记叙文解法策略】
[方法1] 顺藤摸瓜
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what，wh，when，where，why)要素。因此作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
【典例剖析】
McCy was lking fr a safe place t d drugs when smething clearly ut f place caught his eye: a luxurius brwn leather handbag.
McCy, 36, culd relate all t well. One f his few pssessins, the sleeping bag he used in an abandned huse, had recently been stlen. Remembering hw angered he’d been by his wn lss, he reslved t return the purse t its wner.
He began right away, starting with the address n the bill fund in the handbag. After traveling much f the day and finally appraching the address n the bill, he was stpped by a wman, wh asked whether she culd buy the purse. McCy refused, saying he was searching fr its wner. “But I am the wner,” the wman said. “That’s my purse.”
What drve McCy t lk fr the wner f the handbag?
A. The urge t find a business partner. B. The reslutin t recver his sleeping bag.
C. His wn unfrtunate experience. D. His anger ver the pr living cnditin.
[方法2] 左顾右盼
推理判断题在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
【典例剖析】
When she was ten years ld, Isadra Duncan drpped ut f schl t teach peple dance. If that jb was left t any ther ten-year-ld, it wuld have turned ut frustrating, difficult, and a little discuraging.
There is an ld qutatin “if yu judge a fish by its ability t climb a tree, it will live its whle life believing that it is stupid.” And it captures an imprtant truth. At schl, Isadra Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave frm t brilliance.

What des the authr try t tell the readers in the last paragraph?
A. It is useless climbing a tree t catch fish.
B. Everybdy is a genius in his wn way.
C. Miseries cme frm human stupidity.
D. Teachers can impact students greatly.
[方法3] 刨根问底
如前所述，主旨大意题或作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred frm...？”或是“What des the authr imply in...？”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
【典例剖析】
McCy was lking fr a safe place t d drugs when smething clearly ut f place caught his eye: a luxurius brwn leather handbag.
McCy, 36, culd relate all t well. One f his few pssessins, the sleeping bag he used in an abandned huse, had recently been stlen. Remembering hw angered he’d been by his wn lss, he reslved t return the purse t its wner.
He began right away, starting with the address n the bill fund in the handbag. After traveling much f the day and finally appraching the address n the bill, he was stpped by a wman, wh asked whether she culd buy the purse. McCy refused, saying he was searching fr its wner. “But I am the wner,” the wman said. “That’s my purse.”
A mnth earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative fr a medical device cmpany, had wken up t find her apartment brken int and her purse stlen. Nw she came acrss a tall, messy-lking man hlding it tightly. She culd instantly tell he wasn’t in gd shape.
At Smith’s urging, McCy tld her his stry. He’d been in charge f a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted t drugs.
Smith, amazed this stranger had gne t such great lengths t return her bag, asked whether there was anything she culd d t help. “I’m a drug addict,” McCy warned. “I dn’t want t intrude n yur life; I’m prbably gnna let yu dwn.”
Unafraid, Smith gave him her phne number, saying, “If yu want t g t rehab (戒毒所), call me.” She then drve him back t his neighbrhd and left, thinking that wuld be the end f it. Tw days later, she gt a call.
Smith realized that McCy was serius abut getting better, s she dug int her savings accunt and bught McCy a plane ticket t Flrida. While there, he wuld call her t let her knw hw he was ding. “We were getting t knw each ther,” Smith says. “His scared, desperate vice turned int a healthy, lively ne.” After 28 days at a rehab prgram at Jhns Hpkins Hspital, McCy is drug-free. He lives at a residential recvery center in Baltimre, and a GFundMe page set up by Smith has cvered his rent, grceries, and incidentals. His life is back n track, all because ne crime victim culd understand anther’s lss.
Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Drug-abuse Can Heal.B. Lst and Fund.
C. Mutual Cmmunicatin Matters.D. Gd Deeds Repaid.
[方法4] 拨云见日
阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是与你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交的，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【典例剖析】
When yu attend a writing cnference, yu see a facade that tk mnths r lnger t make up. Plenty is ging n behind the scenes. Let’s take a lk behind the curtain.
The day starts lng befre attendees walk thrugh the dr. Registratin is set up, signs psted and tables arranged. Lgistics (后勤) all fall n the cnference rganizers. Fr example, the annual cnference I direct in San Francisc (see the pster abve) is a simple ne-day cnference that takes mre than eight mnths t put tgether and arund 15 staff and vlunteers t manage. Larger multi-day cnferences have even mre ging n behind the scenes.
The underlined wrd facade refers t ___.
A. the effrt behind the scenes B. the scenes visible t the public
C. the literary masterpiece n display D. the material distributed at the meeting
三、【说明文解法策略】
审题口诀：
说明文章是“素描”，无情无议只介绍。
阐明事理遵顺序，客观叙述不作造。
不管题干如何问，原文材料是依靠。
相关语句提信息，比对成功不动摇。
科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以 及重要细节上全面把握。科普说明文常设置下列题型：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨大意题等,其中以主旨大意和推理判断题居多。 从词汇角度来看,在科普类文章中,词汇的意义具有单一性和准确性的特点。从语法和句子结构方面看,其结构较复杂,长难句较多,语法分析较困难。文章中常用被动语态、定语从句等结构。科普说明文在结构上常采用的写作方法有:①总分式。在说明事物或事理时,段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系,表现为由总到分或由分到总;②承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程,或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排,前后相互承接;③递进式。后边在前边的基础上进一步说明,各层之间的关系由浅入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普类文章的命题方式外,还经常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。
[方法1] 细节理解题
说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法，同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明，所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。考生解题时一定要准确地理解这些事实细节，进而做好相关的细节理解题。
【典例】
When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn't sit quietly.Back in 1983, tw scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds,VOCs fr shrt.
Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked.It's a plant's way f crying ut.But is anyne listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbrs react.
Sme plants pump ut smelly chemicals t keep insects away.But thers d duble duty.They pump ut perfumes designed t attract different insects wh are natural enemies t the attackers.Once they arrive, the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.
In study after study，it appears that these chemical cnversatins help the neighbrs.The damage is usually mre serius n the first plant，but the neighbrs，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what t d.
Des this mean that plants talk t each ther？Scientists dn't knw.Maybe the first plant just made a cry f pain r was sending a message t its wn branches, and s, in effect, was talking t itself.Perhaps the neighbrs just happened t “verhear” the cry.S infrmatin was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentinal back and frth.
Charles Darwin, ver 150 years ag, imagined a wrld far busier, nisier and mre intimate (亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There's a whle lt ging n.
What des a plant d when it is under attack?
A．It makes nises. B．It gets help frm ther plants.
C．It stands quietly. D．It sends ut certain chemicals.
[方法2] 主旨大意题
说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现作者写作的目的、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群、文章出处等。这样，考生需要根据文章或段落的主题句、作者说明的主要内容等信息确定和主旨大意相关的试题，从而做出正确的选择。
【典例】
①Risk is smething we face daily. Hwever, sme peple are bviusly mre willing t take risks than thers.
②Bilgists appear t have discvered a physical reasn that explains why sme peple are risk-takers. Dpamine is a neurtransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked t the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel gd, and scientists believe it t be linked t risk-taking. Our nerve cells have dpamine receptrs(接收器) which cntrl the amunt f dpamine that each cell receives. But nt all receptrs may be active. When a persn has few active receptrs t cntrl the amunt f dpamine that is received, a cell can becme flded resulting in an extreme feeling f happiness.
④Dpamine gives us a bilgical reasn fr risk-taking, but scientists believe there may be psychlgical reasns t. Sensatin-seeking is a persnality characteristic that describes the desire t find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychlgist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensatin-seeking scale. His 40-item questinnaire, still used tday, was given t peple wh were active in seeking new activities, and t peple wh were mre satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is nt a characteristic in itself, it is very much assciated with sensatin-seeking, as a high sensatin-seeker des nt evaluate risk in the same way that a lw sensatin-seeker des. A desire t achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness t take mre risks.
⑤There are bth bilgical and psychlgical explanatins as t why sme peple may chse t take mre risks than thers. Hwever, nne f these explanatins are definitive.
What can be cncluded frm paragraph 4?
A. The lnging fr pleasure may lead t risk taking.
B. A willingness t take mre risks can be cultivated.
C. The sensatin-seeking scale can help t evaluate risk.
D. High sensatin-seekers are mre cmmn than lw nes.
[方法3] 标题判断题
科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以What wuld be the best title fr this passage? What can be a suitable title fr the text?等为设问方式，文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。
【典例】
Earth’s gelgic ages—time perids defined by evidence in rck layers— typically last mre than three millin years. We’re barely 11,500 years int the current age, the Hlcene. But a new paper argues that we’ve already entered a new ne—the Anthrpcene, r “new man”, age.
The name isn’t brand-new. Nbel Prize winner Paul Crutzen, a c-authr f the paper, cined it in 2002 t reflect the changes since the industrial revlutin. The paper, hwever, is part f new push t frmalize the Anthrpcene age.
If the cncept f the Anthrpcene age is t be frmalized, scientists will first have t identify and define a bundary line, r marker, that’s set in stne. “The key thing is thinking abut hw—thusands f years in the future—gelgists might cme back and actually recgnize in the depsit recrd the beginning f the Anthrpcene,” explained Alan Haywd f the University f Leeds in the U.K. “It’s nt as straightfrward as yu might think. The marker has t be very precise, and it has t be recgnized in many different parts f the wrld,” said Haywd, wh wasn’t invlved in the new study.
The push fr a frmal declaratin f the Anthrpcene age is abut mre than just scientific curisity. The mve, the scientists write in the latest issue f the jurnal Envirnmental Science & Technlgy, “might be used as encuragement t slw carbn emissins and bidiversity (生物多样性) lss” r “as evidence n prtectin measures.” Just as Haywd said, by underlining hw much we’re changing the envirnment, the frmalizatin wuld be “a very pwerful statement”.
What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Humans Are Destrying the Earth, Gelgists Warn
B. T Early t Set Things in Stne, Authrities Say
C. Mre Evidence Is Needed, Universities Require
D. A New Earth Age May Begin, Scientists Argue
[方法4] 推理判断题
为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力，说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。这时，考生需要联系文章的主题思想对推理判断题加以突破。
【典例】
Parallel wrlds exist and interact with ur wrld, say physicists.
Quantum mechanics (量子力学), thugh firmly tested, is s weird and anti-intuitive that physicist Richard Feynman nce remarked, “I think I can safely say nbdy understands quantum mechanics.” Attempts t explain sme f the bizarre (奇异的) cnsequences f quantum thery have led t sme mind-bending ideas, such as the Cpenhagen interpretatin and the many-wrlds interpretatin.
Nw there’s a new thery n the blck, called the “many interacting wrlds” hypthesis (假设) (MIW), and the idea is just as prfund as it sunds. The thery suggests nt nly parallel wrlds exist, but that they interact with ur wrld n the quantum level and are thus detectable. Thugh still speculative (推测的), the thery may help t finally explain sme f the bizarre cnsequences inherent in quantum mechanics.
The thery is a spinff f the many-wrlds interpretatin in quantum mechanics—an assumptin that all pssible alternative histries and futures are real, each representing an actual, thugh parallel, wrld. One prblem with the many-wrlds interpretatin, hwever, has been that it is fundamentally untestable, since bservatins can nly be made in ur wrld. Happenings in these prpsed “parallel” wrlds can thus nly be imagined.
MIW, hwever, says therwise. It suggests that parallel wrlds can interact n the quantum level, and in fact that they d.
“The idea f parallel universes in quantum mechanics has been arund since 1957,” explained Hward Wiseman, a physicist at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia, and ne f the physicists t cme up with MIW. “In the well-knwn ‘Many-Wrlds Interpretatin’, each universe branches int a bunch f new universes every time a quantum measurement is made. All pssibilities are therefre realized — in sme universes the dinsaur-killing asterid (小行星) missed Earth. In thers, Australia was clnized by the Prtuguese.”
“But critics questin the reality f these ther universes, since they d nt influence ur universe at all,” he added. “On this scre, ur ‘Many Interacting Wrlds’ apprach is cmpletely different, as its name implies.”
Wiseman and clleagues have prpsed that there exists “a universal frce f repulsin between ‘nearby’(i.e. similar) wrlds, which tends t make them mre dissimilar.” Quantum effects can be explained by factring in this frce, they prpse.
When asked abut whether their thery might imply that humans culd smeday interact with ther wrlds, Wiseman said: “It’s nt part f ur thery. But the idea f human interactins with ther universes is n lnger pure fantasy.”
What might yur life lk like if yu made different chices? Maybe ne day yu'll be able t lk int ne f these alternative wrlds and find ut.
Accrding t paragraph 3-5, the new thery "MIW" differs frm the previus ne in that ______.
A. MIW develps frm quantum mechanics
B. MIW suggests the interactin can be detected
C. The previus ne is based n prfund fundatin
D. The previus ne prves that MIW is imagined
The last sentence f the last paragraph implies that _______________________.
A. smeday humans may live in different universes in ne lifetime
B. humans may make different chices simultaneusly (同时地) and live in different universes
C. humans may live again frm the beginning if they regret their life in this universe
D. life wuld be mre unexpected, but all yu expect may be true in ther universes
[方法5] 代词指代判断题
科技说明文在对自然奥秘、动植物生存侍点及产品工艺原理进行解释时，易出现动作变换多、人称转变频的现象，因此常出现代词指代判断题，这些试题常以it；they；them 等表物的代词为命题题点，要求考生裉据上下文语语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代。
【典例】
His black­and­white pictures present a wrld almst lst in time.These pictures shw peple seemingly pushed int a wrld that they were unprepared fr.These lcal citizens nw have t balance their traditinal self­supprting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic，which brings with it nt nly necessary state welfare，but als alchlism，betrayal and even suicide.
What des the underlined wrld “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The mdern French lifestyle. B．The self­supprting hunting.
C．The uncivilized wrld. D．The French Republic.
[方法6] 生词词义或句意猜测题
科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理，易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现生词词义判断题，这种试题常以What des the underlined wrd mean?或What is the meaning f the underlined wrd?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念、举例等有关，这有助于对词汇的理解，解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息，正确理解相关词汇的意思。
【典例】
Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein Cllege f Medicine asked 34 men and wmen t cmplete a questinnaire abut their risk taking t assess whether they seek new pprtunities r are cautius in life. The results f the research were cnsistent with similar studies carried ut with rats, and had the same utcme. It cncluded that peple wh are risk-takers have fewer dpamine receptrs than peple wh are nt.
The underlined phrase “cnsistent with” is clsest t “__________” in meaning.
A. cntrary tB. in agreement with C. at the cst f D. persistent in
【典例】
Is Paperless Office Really Paperless?
A rising ecnmy increased paper sales by 6 t 7 percent each year in the early t mid-1990s, and the cnvenience f desktp printing allwed ffice wrkers t print anything and everything. In 2004, Merilyn Dunn, a cmmunicatins supplies directr, said that plain white ffice paper wuld see less than a 4 percent grwth rate, a primary reasn fr which is that sme 47 percent f the wrkfrce entered the jb market after cmputers had already been intrduced t ffices.
Fr ffice innvatrs, the dream f paperless ffice is an example f high-tech arrgance (傲慢). Tday’s ffice service is verwhelmed by mre newspapers than ever befre. After decades f develpment, the American gvernment can finally get rid f the madness n paper. In the past, the demand fr paper has been far ahead f grwth in the American ecnmy, but the sales have slwed markedly ver the past tw t three years, despite the gd ecnmic cnditins.
“Old habits are hard t break,” says Ms. Dunn. “There are sme functins that paper serves where a screen display desn’t wrk. Thse functins are bth its strength and its weakness.” Analysts attribute the decline t such factrs as advances in digital databases and cmmunicatin systems. Escaping ur eagerness fr paper, hwever, will be anything but an easy affair.
What des the last sentence in Para. 3 mean?
A. We have t lk at paper cnsumptin frm different angles.
B. There is little chance that paper cnsumptin will fall in the digital age.
C. Paper cnsumptin will be greatly reduced in the digital age.
D. Peple are n lnger s addicted t paper in the digital age.
[方法7]篇章结构题
对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：最常见的提问方式是：The sentence in paragraph means _______.; The example f in para.is used t illustrate/shw______ .Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
【典例】
The Indian gvernment may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers n majr highways arid rads, in an attempt t check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly rads a little safer. “We are trying ut 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers t avid unnecessary requirements f speed breakers,” India's transprt minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.
The visual illusins are suppsed t encurage drivers t slw dwn autmatically. Earlier this mnth, India had rdered the remval f all speed breakers frm highways, which are cnsidered t be a danger t safety fr high-speed vehicles.
India has the highest number f rad accident deaths in the wrld. Accrding t the Wrld Health Organisatin, ver 200,00 peple are killed by rad accidents due t pr applicatin f rad safety laws. This is cnsiderably higher than its fficial figures f 141,526 fr 2014.
The use f visual illusins as speed breakers was first pineered in the American city f Philadelphia in 2008, as part f a campaign against speeding mtrists. The technique has als been tried ut in China t create flating 3D crssings.
In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crssings in the last ne year. In Ahmedabad fr instance, tw artists, mther and daughter have painted 3D crsswalks in the first few mnths f this year. The artists say their mtt is “t increase the attentin f drivers”, and that the cncept has been successfully tested in znes where accidents easily ccur n a highway.”
Hwever, critics argue that nce drivers knw that these speed breakers arc visual illusins, they may ignre them. Others als pint ut that India's decisin des nt cnsider the safety f a large number f walkers. In the end, the new plicy may be just ne step twards imprving rad safety.
The authr explains the experiment f 3D zebra crssings in India by ________.
A. giving examples B. analyzing causes
C. prviding figures D. making cmparisns
_____
真题演练

2022年6月北京卷 （应用文）
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessins (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning prgramme available t students enrlled ( 注册 ) in mst cre units f study in ur business schl.
PASS invlves weekly sessins where yu wrk in grups t tackle specially prepared prblem sets, based arund a unit f study yu’re enrlled in.
PASS desn’t re-teach r deliver new cntent. It’s an pprtunity t deepen yur understanding f the key pints frm lecture materials while yu are applying yur skills t slve prblems.
Yu wrk interactively with yur peers. As a peer grup, yu decide what is cvered in each sessin. That way, PASS directly respnds t yur needs and feedback.
Registratin in Term 2 will pen at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a sessin is full, yu can register fr the waiting list. We will email yu if a place becmes available r if a new sessin is t be held.
When yu are placed n a waiting list, we will email yu a number which tells yu where yu are n the list. If yu are clse t the frnt f the list, yu have a gd chance f gaining a place in the prgramme in the near future.
Deregistering
If yu miss tw PASS sessins in a rw, yu will be deregistered and yur place will be given t smene n the waiting list. Make sure yu fill in the attendance sheet at each sessin t recrd yur attendance.
Yu’ll be infrmed by email if yu are being deregistered as a result f missing sessins. If yu believe yu have received the email in errr, email the PASS ffice at passffice@umbs. edu..
21. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lecturesB. decide their wn schedules
C. prepare prblem sets in grupsD. use their skills t slve prblems
22. What can students d if a sessin is full?
A. Fill in the attendance sheet.B. Sign up fr the waiting list.
C. Reprt their needs and feedback.D. Email the ffice their numbers n the list.
23. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in errrB. they fail t wrk interactively
C. they give their places t thersD. they miss tw sessins in a rw

2022年6月浙江卷 （记叙文）
Pasta and pizza were n everyne’s lunch menu in my native land f Italy. Everyne wh had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spke Italian. A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. The fd chices were almst as diverse as the students. In frnt f me was an array f fds I culdn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I wuld pick ut smething awful, I desperately tried t ask the by ahead f me fr a recmmendatin. Unfrtunately, between us std the barrier f language.
Althugh my kindergarten experience feels like a century ag, the lessns I learned will stick in my mind frever. Fr the past three summers, I have wrked in a gvernment agency in New Yrk. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flded ur ffice seeking help. I ften had t be an interpreter fr the Italian-speaking nes. As I served the rle f vital cmmunicatin link, I was reminded f my desperate struggle t cnverse befre I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried t hld a cnversatin in Italian with peple wh did nt speak the language. It suddenly became very clear t me hw lucky I was t be fluent in tw languages.
In New Yrk, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance t wrk with a diverse ppulatin. In my English t Italian translatins, I’ve learned abut scial prgrams that I didn’t knw existed. This wrk expanded my mind in ways that are impssible inside the fur walls f a classrm. Walking thrugh the streets f Brklyn tday, I am n lnger cnfused by this city’s sunds and smells. Instead, enjy its diversity.
21. What did the authr realize after entering schl in Brklyn?
A. Time passed quickly.B. English was hard t learn.
C. The fd was terrible.D. Peple were very different.
22. Wh des “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. An Italian teacher.B. A gvernment fficial.
C. The authr herself.D. The authr’s classmate.
23. Hw did the summer jb benefit the authr?
A. It strengthened her lve fr schl.B. It helped sharpen her sense f directin.
C. It pened her eyes t the real wrld.D. It made her childhd dream cme true.
2022年6月全国乙卷 （说明文）
The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A. T cllect mney fr schls.B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children’s health.D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets.B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin.D. They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Cke.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
_____
好题必测
1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】
This Is the Way Learning Center
The staff, parents and children enrlled (招收) at This Is the Way Learning Center are ne big family. We take the health and safety f ur family very seriusly. This Is the Way Learning Center is cmmitted t maintaining a safe envirnment fr yur children. We are fllwing all safety rules. Shuld yu have any questins regarding the prcesses in place please call ur center. We will be happy t answer yur questins.
This Is the Way Learning Center cares fr and educates children aged 6 weeks and up. We are enrlling fr all prgrams (Preschl and Nursery Schl) in additin t basic childcare. There will be n enrllment fees and registratin fees. We are devted t the future f yur child and creating a lifetime lve f learning at every age and stage. What can be mre precius r imprtant than the early develpmental and learning years f ur children?
This Is the Way Learning Center is lcated acrss the street frm Henry Barnard Schl at 18 Shaker Rad. It is cnveniently lcated just minutes frm 91 Nrth and Suth, in the twn f Enfield.
Hurs:
• 6:30 am thrugh 5:30 pm
• Mnday thrugh Friday
• Clsed nly n majr hlidays.
Ages:
• Children thrugh kindergarten
• Schl age
Features:
• All-day, all-year daycare
• Hmelike setting
• Age-apprpriate play areas
• Child-friendly curriculum
• Cmputer educatin
• Trained and experienced teachers
Yu may email us at requests@thisisthewaylc.cm r call us at 860-253-0010 t ask yur questins and request a free brchure.
1. What is This Is the Way Learning Center?
A. It’s a big family.B. It’s a training center.
C. It’s a safety center.D. It’s a lcal prgram.
2. Wh can teach in This is the Way Learning Center?.
A. Everyne enrlled at it.B. Age-apprpriate caches.
C. Cmputer educatin teachers.D. Trained and experienced teachers.
3. Fr whm is this text prbably written?
A. Parents.B. Visitrs.C. Students.D. Prfessrs.
2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
A by shivered in the harsh Osl winter, pathetically wrapping his arms arund himself n a bus stp bench. He wasn’t wearing a cat and temperatures in the Nrwegian capital regularly plunge t -10C during winter.
A heartbreaking scene, but the actins f the rdinary peple wh witnessed the difficult situatin f 11-year-ld Jhanne Linnestad Flaaten were bth jyus and inspiring.
A yung wman sat next t the by and nticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him, “Dn’t yu have a jacket?”
“N, smene stle,” he replied. She questined him and discvered he was n a schl trip and was tld t meet his teacher at the bus stp. She asked him the name f his schl and where he was frm as she selflessly cvered her wn cat arund his shulders.
Later, anther lder wman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large padded jacket.
Thrughut the day, mre and mre peple ffered Jhanne their glves and even the cats ff their backs as they waited fr their bus.
Jhanne’s predicament was a hidden camera experiment by Nrwegian charity SOS Children’s Village as part f their winter campaign t gather dnatins t send much-needed cats and blankets t help Syrian children get thrugh the winter. Many f the refugees have left their hmes withut winter clthing.
“Peple shuld care as much abut children in Syria as they care abut this by,” Synne Runnine th infrmatin head f SOS Children’s Villages Nrway, tld The Lcal. She als nted that the child was a vlunteer wh was never in any danger during the filming.
24. Why did Jhanne Linnestad Flaaten shiver n the bus stp bench?
A. His parents culdn’t affrd him a warm cat
B. Smene stle his jacket.
C. He was a vlunteer t d an experiment.
D. He was ding an experiment f cld resista
25. The underlined wrd “predicament” in paragraph 7 means ________.
A. difficult situatinB. miserable life
C. inspiring curageD. selfless spirit
26. What d Synne Running’s wrds imply?
A. Peple’s care abut Jhanne is enugh.
B. Peple’s care abut children in Syria is nt enugh.
C. Peple shuld care mre abut children in Syria than they care abut Jhanne.
D. Peple shuld care mre abut Jhanne than they care abut children in Syria.
27. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. When Yu Have N Cat in a Harsh Winter
B. When Yu Face Refugees Crwding int Yur Cuntry
C. When Yu Help Syrian Children withut Winter Clthing
D. When Yu Meet a By Wearing N Cat
3.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
C
There are many surces f debate n a lng Tad trip, including rute selectin, the chice f snacks, and, prbably mst imprtantly, what t Play n the radi. Finding a way fr all parties t listen t their wn audi withut the need fr headphnes has been a gal f car makers fr decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team frm the University f Le Mans in France carefully psitined micrphnes, speakers and filters（过滤器）t create persnalised sund znes (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regins are where sund frm a set f speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can nt be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previusly been unable t vercme was the impact f mving ne’s seat. They were able t frm a PSZ, but unable t mve it t fllw a persn if they mved the seat frwards r backwards.
The French team created a new algrithm(算法) specifically t tackle this issue, which handles the sund waves t create “bright” and “dark” znes in the car. “Ludspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters fr each transducer(换能器) are calculated t reprduce a sund signal that maintains gd quality in the zne under cnsideratin and is strngly weakened in ther znes.” said Dr Lucas Vindrla, the authr f the study. “The key t the technique wrking prperly is having sufficient micrphnes placed arund the car t detect hw many peple are in the car and where they are sitting. The price t pay is t have cntrl micrphnes in the passenger sectin, s that the algrithm can wrk.”
Hwever, the technique is nt yet ready t be cmmercially rlled ut as a luxurius ptinal extra just yet, as it currently wrks nly fr a limited range f frequencies.
28. What was nce a challenge fr scientists?
A. PSZs culd hardly be frmed.
B. The sund f mving a seat is lud,
C. They culdn’t create mvable PSZs.
D. The seats culdn’t be mved back and frth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. Hw the impact f mving ne’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enugh micrphnes are placed arund the car.
C. When the algrithm can wrk well fr all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” znes are created in the car.
30. What can we infer abut the new technique?
A. It currently wrks withut limitatin.
B. It has been put int use cmmercially.
C. It can functin well with enugh micrphnes.
D. It is cstly t detect the psitin f micrphnes.
31. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T launch a new debate.
B. T tackle an ld prblem.
C. T advertise an algrithm.
D. T intrduce a new technlgy.
D
Several days ag Spanish fashin brand Zara sparked a fee debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese mdel with freckles（雀斑）. Actually, there are sme different beauty standards between the East and the West.
In East Asia, freckles might be cnsidered a “destructive weakness” fr celebrities, especially actrs r singers. Althugh nrmal peple dn’t care that much, subcnsciusly they might prefer a “clean” face. Generally speaking, freckles are mre likely t appear if peple are ut in the sun frequently, and mst East Asian wmen avid the sun as best they can.
Having freckles, instead, is a trademark fr uncnventinal beauty in the Western wrld, and sme call freckles “angel kisses”. Fr mst westerners, having freckles is n lnger just smething yu have t live with; instead, it is smething t be desired. After all, nt everyne is lucky enugh t have freckles.
When it cmes t eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards dn’t see eye-t-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the mst beautiful. If their eyes have a duble fld eyelid, that is cnsidered perfect. Hwever, mst freigners seem t prefer Chinese girls with slanted（斜的）and narrw eyes and eyebrws. Chinese knwn mdel Lyv Yan is ften cnsidered the cuntry’s mst beautiful by freigners, while quite a few Chinese peple think her appearance desn’t fit with traditinal beauty standards.
Yung, girly feature r ht and mature feature? Zha Liying frm China, Aragaki Yui frm Japan and Lim Yn-A frm Suth Krea enjy high ppularity in Asia, as they bast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lts f male fans. The three yung celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: wmen with cute, girly features. Mst wmen in Asia try their best t stay yung accrdingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a mre mature lk shws independence and uniqueness. The superher Wnder Wman is an ideal type fr mst.
As ties cntinue t grw between China and the West, it is unavidable that these beauty standards develp. But ne thing’s fr sure — n matter hw yu lk, yu are wh yu are, and that shuld be satisfactin enugh.
32. What d mst western peple think f having freckles?
A. It is smething unbearable.
B. It is a destructive weakness.
A. It is smething t wish fr.
D. It is a symbl f traditinal beauty.
33. What d the underlined wrds “see eye-t-eye” mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Have the same pinin.
B. Recgnize their strengths.
C. Misunderstand each ther.
D. Argue against ne anther.
34. Why d western girls prefer t appear mature?
A. They think this beauty standard is better.
B. They want t lk independent and unique.
C. They hpe t have high ppularity in Asia.
D. They admire Wnder Wman very much.
35. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. What Zara’s beauty standard is.
B. Why Chinese peple dn’t like freckles.
C. What causes the different beauty standards.
D. Hw easterners and westerners think f beauty.
_____
Histry Fair Cmpetitin
Understanding histry is vital t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
Histry is much mre than the study f dusty ld bjects and events lng past. It is an essential part f wh we are tday and wh we will becme. Thrntn Middle Schl Histry Fair Cmpetitin makes understanding histry exciting, engaging, and fun！
This Year’s Theme
All participants must address hw cmmunicatin r transprtatin technlgy has prmted the quality f life fr Americans thrughut histry. T many peple, technlgy means cmputers, hand-held devices, r vehicles that travel t distant planets. Hwever, technlgy is als the applicatin f scientific knwledge t slve a prblem, tuching lives in cuntless ways.
Individuals r grups may enter ne f the fllwing categries：
·Perfrmance
·Dcumentary
·Essay Writing
Categry Requirements
Perfrmance: A dramatic presentatin f the tpic n mre than 10 minutes lng. If special clthes are used，they shuld truly represent a given perid.
Dcumentary: A visual presentatin (such as a vide，slide shw，r cmputer prject) n mre than 10 minutes lng. A desktp cmputer, screen, prjectr, and ludspeakers will be available. Students must prvide their presentatins n CDs befre Friday, March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper f 2,000 t 2,500 wrds. N illustratins are allwed. Please d nt include cvers. A list f references must be included.
Imprtant Dates
January 5 Submit a tpic prpsal t yur histry teacher. The teacher may require a secnd prpsal if the first is ff-tpic r unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft f yur essay, perfrmance script, r dcumentary
highlights.
February 19 A cmmittee f teachers will evaluate materials and give pinins. Students then have an pprtunity t imprve their prducts.
March 9 Submit a final draft f yur essay.
March 15 Perfrmance and dcumentary cmmittee preview
March 24 Thrntn Middle Schl Histry Fair Cmpetitin
7：00 A.M.—9：00A.M. Participants signing in at the gym
10：00 A.M. —6：00P.M. Cmpetitin and judges’ review
7：00 P.M. Awards ceremny