新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（练习）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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TOC \ "1-1" \p " " \h \z \u \l "_Tc148019150" 主旨大意题 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一、（最新模拟）阅读理解之阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------2
二、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意----------------------------------------------------------------------8
三、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意---------------------------------------------------------------------15
四、（高考真题）阅读理解之主旨大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
02 阅读理解之主旨大意题
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题
1.（2024·安徽省皖东十校联盟高三月考）
Cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd help t tackle ne f the biggest killers f peple, accrding t research. Despite their large bdies and lng lifespans (寿命), elephants are much less likely t die frm cancer than humans, with death rates f less than 5 per cent.
The paradx has puzzled scientists because mre cells leads t greater replicatins, which increases the pssibility f the bdy failing t detect damaged DNA r a faulty cell that can result in tumurs (肿瘤). Elephants live fr almst as lng as humans, and can weigh up t five tns.
Hwever, a grup f British and Eurpean scientists say they have taken a big step twards slving Pet’s paradx, named after the British epidemilgist Sir Richard Pet. Elephants, they say, carry a much larger, mre diverse grup f tumur-fighting prteins.
The findings, published last week in the jurnal Mlecular Bilgy and Evlutin, raise hpes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants culd be the key t tackling cancer, which kills abut 167,000 Britns each year. Cells keep dividing thrughut an rganism’s life, each carrying the risk f prducing a tumur. One f the bdy’s weapns is a gene called p53, knwn as the “guardian f the genme”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA．It encurages the cell t repair itself r self-destruct, keeping the cell frm binding with thers and prducing tumurs.
Humans have tw versins f p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers, including thse frm Oxfrd and Edinburgh universities. Bichemical analysis and cmputer simulatins als shwed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, prviding a much larger anti-cancer tlkit. The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able t skirt tw p53 versins, they cannt bind t ther cells as easily in the face f dzens.
The findings will pen the way fr research n hw p53 genes are activated and n medical treatment fr humans.
1．What has puzzled scientists?
A．Few elephants end up dying frm cancer.B．Elephants live lng and weigh enrmusly.
C．Mre cells lead t higher chances f tumurs.D．A larger bdy is less likely t discver faulty cells.
2．What can be learnt frm paragraph 4?
A．Hw many Britns die each year.B．Hw the anti-cancer gene wrks.
C．Hw the research was carried ut.D．What have the findings been applied t.
3．Which quality f elephants’ p53 genes cntributes t preventing tumurs?
A．Their sizes.B．Their lifespans.C．Their appearances.D．Their varieties.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Scientists Find Anti-cancer Genes in Elephants
B．P53 Genes Play Essential Rle in Fighting Cancer
C．Elephant Genes Culd Be Key t Preventing Cancer
D．Grundbreaking Medical Treatment fr Cancer n the Way
2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一））
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
1．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
2．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
3．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
4．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
3.（2024·广东省普语高中毕业班高三第二次调研）
Behind the enthusiastic sng f an all-male chir (合唱队) lies a frce that is better knwn fr shaping the lives f hpeful frgs and crickets, research suggests. Recrdings f a tp bys’ chir, nce directed by Jhann Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal that the mre mature bys in the grup bsted their vices when girls were appreciating their perfrmances. The effect, seen nly amng the lder singers, aged 16 t 19, is thught t be similar behaviur mre ften bserved in frgs and crickets, which enhance their individual calls t stand ut frm the crwd during mate-attracting chruses.
“The bys’ singing sunds mre brilliant and has a mre attractive quality when girls are in the audience, but it is subtle,” said Keller, a prfessr wh led the wrk at the centre fr music in the brain at a university in Denmark. Keller and his clleagues teamed up with a well-knwn chir in Germany after a student and frmer member f the chir mentined that the bys bsted their vices in a barely nticeable manner when female audience members were present.
Sund analysis f the bys singing a sng cmpsed by Bach fund that, in the presence f girls aged 15 t 16, the bys imprved their vcal brilliance and carried pwer by putting mre energy. But it was unclear whether peple, as ppsed t sensitive sund devices, culd detect the shift in vices, and if they culd, whether the resulting sund was mre r less appealing because f the enhanced singer’s perfrmance.
T find ut, the researchers ran tw nline studies in which 2,247 male and female vlunteers listened t recrdings f the bys singing with and withut girls in the audience. While bth male and female participants shwed a difference between the tw perfrmances, nly female vlunteers preferred the bsted singing. “It’s really hard t tell,” Keller said. Details are published in a jurnal.
Fr the recrdings, the bys perfrmed nce befre an all-male audience and a secnd time when a grup f teenage girls jined the frnt rw n the pretence f being n a schl trip. In interviews after the cncert, the bys felt they sang better in frnt f the girls but nne admitted trying t attract their attentin.
Accrding t the scientists, the findings suggest chir singing is a special frm f scial cmmunicatin where cperatin and cmpetitiveness, the latter ptentially mtivated by the ppsite sex, can exist alngside ne anther. “Yu have a grup f peple wrking tgether,” said Keller, “but at the same time individually having this parallel channel f cmmunicatin, sending ut the cmpetitive signal saying: pick me!”
1．What drives the mature bys t sing better accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Their directrs.B．Their audience.C．The frgs.D．The crickets.
2．What des the underlined wrd “subtle” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Brilliant.B．Cmpetitive.C．Unfrgettable.D．Unnticeable.
3．Hw did Keller’s team carry ut the research?
A．By bserving the singers.B．By studying dcuments.
C．By ding field research.D．By cnducting studies nline.
4．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cperatin r CmpetitinB．Frce behind By’s Chir
C．Research int the PerfrmanceD．Attractive Frgs and Cricket Sngs
4.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估）
Suth Baltimre is ften thught f as a place t avid—flks are taught t be careful f it. There was a mass shting this past July, and anther in early September.
“Peple think Curtis Bay is a dangerus place. It’s nt. It’s just we’re surrunded by dangerus things,” says Taysia Thmpsn, 17.
Taysia, is ne f the Free Yur Vice members, a grup f student activists fighting against a very different kind f danger in their neighbrhd: air pllutin and climate change. Nw, the fcus f their mvement is the muntains f cal. Cal releases a fine, black dust small enugh t get int peple’s lungs. It makes respiratry (呼吸的) diseases wrse, r can even cause disease and premature death. And there are the greenhuse gas emissins after the cal is burned.
The teens f Free Yur Vice are taking n a big ppnent: the massive gds transprtatin cmpany CSX, which transprted mre than 8 millin tns f cal thrugh Suth Baltimre in 2021. The gal is t eventually get the state regulatrs t deny the permit that CSX needs t perate, r at least require the cmpany t enclse all the cal, r at the very least put water nt all f it s there’s less dust blwing arund.
This past summer, Taysia and three ther students spent their time gathering evidence t try and get the cal pllutin ut f their neighbrhd. They used sticky paper t gather samples f dust frm all ver the neighbrhd t prve that the dust is frm cal. They are als sending dust samples t a scientist in Califrnia, wh uses an electrn micrscpe t cmpare the dust that’s in this neighbrhd t samples frm the piles f cal at the terminal in Suth Baltimre t see if it matches.
The students nw have supprt frm their cmmunity. But the respnses frm fficials have nt been very satisfying. “Everyne is just breathing the air. And we will keep fighting.” says Taysia.
1．Why d the teens f Free Yur Vice take CSX as an ppnent?
A．T cure lung diseases.B．T tackle air pllutin.
C．T resist mass shtings.D．T cut premature death rate.
2．What d the teens f Free Yur Vice hpe t achieve?
A．Scientists will examine the dust samples.
B．Officials will refuse CSX the peratin permit.
C．State regulatrs will keep fighting against pllutin.
D．Lcals in Curtis Bay will clear the muntains f cal away.
3．What can be inferred abut the teens’ fight?
A．It isn’t all plain sailing.B．It will definitely end in victry.
C．The teens lack slid evidence.D．The teens wrk n it all by themselves.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Turists Aviding Dangerus Suth Baltimre
B．Teens Gaining Supprt in Envirnmental Prtectin
C．Student Activists Pushing back against Big Plluter
D．17-year-ld Girl Cmbating Cal Pllutin in Neighbrhd
5.（2024·河北省保定市高三上学期摸底）
The idea that humans are facing a glbal extinctin f experience f nature is ppular, but is it true? T give mre light n this issue, the scientists measured hw the average distance frm an individual’s hme t the nearest area with lw human impact changed in the last decade.
The scientists fund that humans currently live 9.7 kilmeters away frm a natural area n average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Eurpe and East Asia have the highest average distance t natural areas, such as 22 kilmeters in Germany and 16 kilmeters in France. The scientists als shwed that tree cver within cities has declined wrldwide since 2000, suggesting that the pssibility fr the urban ppulatin t access green spaces is reducing as well.
The scientists als systematically searched fr scientific publicatins assessing a trend in experiences f nature, finding that the number f studies assessing these trends was very lw (the number is 18), mst f which are abut the US, Eurpe and Japan. This shws that mre studies shuld investigate the claim abut the extinctin f nature experience, especially in Africa and Latin America. The 18 studies fund by the scientists shw a decline in visits t nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number f flwer species bserved by Japanese children. They als find signs f decline in the use f natural elements in nvels, sngs and cartns.
Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag. “New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jasn. “But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
1．Hw des the authr mainly develp the text?
A．By giving examples and making cntrast.
B．By listing data and classifying them.
C．By giving examples and definitins.
D．By analyzing data and making cmparisn.
2．The scientists shwed several signs f decline in .
A．the distance between humans and nature
B．the cnnectin between humans and wild animals
C．reading nvels, singing sngs and watching cartns
D．tree cver, visits t nature parks and nature presence in the arts
3．What des the underlined wrd “vicarius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Psitive.B．Nvel.C．Indirect.D．Cmplex.
4．What can be a suitable title f the text?
A．Glbal Extinctin f Green Spaces.B．Decline in Experiences f Nature.
C．The Lst Jy in the Natural Wrld.D．A New Way f Cnnecting With Nature.
二、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意
1.（2024·黑龙江省佳木斯市三校联考高三第三次调研）
Xing Lingha was brn n May 29th, 2002 in Mianyang City, Sichuan Prvince. She lst her eyesight because f illness when she was nly tw mnths ld. But her mther later fund that Xing had a talent fr music. She culd play children’s sngs n a small electric (电子的) pian when she was 3 years ld. At the age f 6, she started learning the pian.
Unlike mst learners, Xing culd nt see the pian keybard (琴键), s she must remember where each key is thrugh its sund. That was very hard fr her. She practiced fr six t eight hurs every day s that she culd find the right keys.
Xing’s pian skill was getting better and better as she kept practicing. In 2020, she wn the Special Jury Prize in an internatinal yuth pian cmpetitin in Shanghai. “The pian is my best friend,” said Xing. It brings s much pleasure int my life and encurages me t face my life bravely.”
Xing has a great dream. She wants t be a great musician like Beethven. Beethven lst his hearing in his 20s and later went cmpletely deaf, but he didn’t give up his lve fr music. He wrte s many famus music wrks in his life. S fr herself, Xing still has a lng way t g.
1．When did Xing Lingha lse her eyesight?
A．When she was a baby.B．When she was a child.
C．When she was a student.D．When she was an adult.
2．Hw did Xing remember the lcatin f each key?
A．She learned frm Beethven.
B．She culd see the pian keybard.
C．She practiced fr six t eight hurs every day.
D．She listened t each key carefully and remembered it.
3．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．Beethven went cmpletely deaf in his 20s.
B．Xing wrte many famus music wrks in her life.
C．Mst learners remember where each key is thrugh its sund.
D．Xing shuld wrk hard t achieve her dream t be a great musician.
4．What des the passage mainly want t tell us?
A．Better late than never.
B．Strike while the irn (铁) is ht.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.
D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
2.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）
Tday, being freelancers (自由职业者) is ne f the mst pwerful trends in the way we wrk. Accrding t a current study, there are 70.4 millin freelancers in the US. By 2028, this number will increase t 90.1 millin, r54% f the wrkfrce, basically divided equally between genders.
It wuld appear t be slid guidance in tday’s mdern wrkfrce t tell sme ne wh wants the “3Fs”— flexibility, fulfillment, and financial independence — t “just g freelance”, right? The large numbers and data supprt this directin and suggest that it culd be regarded as safe and wise advice.
Hwever, telling smene wh is unhappy in their current prfessinal situatin t “just g freelance”, is like telling them t climb Mt Qmlangma withut xygen: 5% f climbers have succeeded, s it can be dne, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance f failure. Just as ne shuld weigh the risks f attempting t climb the 8848.86m muntain withut essential supplies, the idea f being freelancers must be truly understd.
The number is increasingly grwing, hwever, actually three quarters f self-described freelancers in the USare part-time, meaning the vast majrity are using freelance wrk as a side hustle (副业). What’s mre, research shws that 70% f full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides, mre than half (58%) f freelancers have experienced nn-payment frm clients, and mst d nt have retirement plans r affrdable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result f making avidable mistakes with nly a third making it.
We can’t simply tell peple t “just g freelance” unless we als tell them t invest in training and cperate with like-minded, supprtive cmmunities t strengthen industry rights befre they start their jurney t the summit as an individual, but never alne.
1．Which f the fllwing is NOT a benefit as a freelancer?
A．Flexible schedule.
B．Safer envirnment.
C．Less financial reliance.
D．A sense f achievement.
2．Why des the authr mentin “Mt Qmlangma” in paragraph3?
A．T indicate a bright future f freelancers.
B．T shw the determinatin f freelancers.
C．T highlight the challenge f reaching the tp.
D．T emphasize the imprtance f weighing risks.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the grwing number f freelancers?
A．Cncerned.B．Supprtive.C．Understandable.D．Ambiguus.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Mst f the freelancers meet with failure.
B．Many Americans chse t be freelancers.
C．Being a freelancer is nt as easy as imagined.
D．Ging freelance brings us a prmising future.
3.（2024·浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月诊断性考试）
As vast fields surrunding Beijing and Shanghai transfrmed int twering skyscrapers, and ld bicycles gave way t mtr vehicles, the essence f music cmmunicatin remained unchanged ver these shifts.
“I’ll never frget that I’ve never seen s many bicycles in my life,” Philadelphia Orchestra vilinist Davyd Bth said, recalling his first tur in China 50 years ag. “Everyne rde a bicycle. There were literally hundreds, thusands.”
This mnth, 14 musicians frm the Philadelphia Orchestra, including Bth, are returning t China, with perfrmances scheduled in Beijing, Tianjin, Suzhu and Shanghai. The tur marks the 50th anniversary (周年纪念日) f their first visit in the 1970s, celebrating the unique friendship between China and the United States. Over the years, the rchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened cnnectins acrss China, with cncerts and residencies that facilitate meaningful peple-t-peple interactins.
Bth said the 1973 tur was his first internatinal trip with the rchestra. He cnsidered himself lucky t have been part f the tur. He had just auditined (试演) and gt accepted int the rchestra that year. His fficial start date was scheduled after the rchestra’s return frm China, but Bth received a call frm the persnnel manager infrming him that smene had fallen ill. He then tk the place and went t China.
“I was incredibly thrilled! Then, after I hung up, I realized I didn’t even have a passprt,” Bth said. Hwever, he gt his passprt and visa in just three days, thanks t the strng supprt frm bth cuntries. With his vilin in tw. Bth jined the team n the 15-hur flight t China.
In additin t sme regular cmpsitins, the Philadelphia Orchestra als played the YellwRiver Cncert, ne f the mst ppular pian cncerts in China even tday. The Philadelphia Orchestra cperated n this ensemble (合奏) with a Chinese pianist, marking the earliest ties between the US and China in music.
After the cncert, the team was hanging arund n the streets, Bth said. It was a fun experience even thugh peple did nt knw hw t talk t lcals because f language barriers, he said. “Yu can cmmunicate a lt by smiling, and it wrked ut very, very well,” he added.
1．What is the passage generally abut?
A．US artists will give live perfrmances
B．Bth recalled his first visit t China.
C．Great changes have ccurred in China.
D．China and the US are living in peace.
2．What d yu knw frm paragraph 3?
A．The rchestra is ppular in America.
B．Music perfrmances happen a lt in China.
C．Music cmmunicatin remains active.
D．Bth has cme t China fr the 50th time.
3．Bth meant that his getting the chance t cme t China in 1973 was just a(an) ________.
A．magicB．mistakeC．luxuryD．accident
4．What is the rle music plays based n the passage?
A．It serves t build bridge.B．It stimulates peple’s interest.
C．It cntributes t equality.D．It remves barriers t harmny.
4.（2024·湖南省名校联考联合体高三上学期第二次联考）
Scial scientists have lng understd that when peple are smart and skilled, they’re likely t gain trust. T appear mre capable — and therefre mre trustwrthy — many peple tend t bast (吹嘘), accrding t anther lngstanding thery that researchers call impressin management. But a new paper suggests that the cmmn methd peple use t gain trust culd have the ppsite effect.
“If yu cnsider yurself a highly capable individual, have a gd educatin, are successful in life, then dn’t talk t prudly abut it when presenting yurself t thers r managing impressins abut what yu can d,” said Martin Reimann, the paper’s lead authr. “It can backfire, and peple might becme distrusting.”
“Since impressin management is s widespread, we wndered hw it impacts the well-knwn effect f ability n trust,” Reimann said.
T answer the questin, the researchers designed seven nline experiments cncerning participants’ trust. In ne experiment, fr example, participants shpped fr a TV in an nline marketplace, similar t Amazn, with third-party vendrs (销售商). Custmer reviews with star ratings tld participants hw capable r cmpetent vendrs were, and each vendr’s ad either did r did nt include a bastful statement f self-prmtin.
Designing seven studies, Reimann said, allwed the researchers t reach mre peple and explre a range f variables that might affect smene’s willingness t trust. There were mre than 106,000 participants acrss all seven studies.
The experiments shwed that participants were mre likely, unsurprisingly, t trust peple r cmpanies that appeared mre capable. But every study als shwed that highly capable peple r cmpanies were viewed as less trustwrthy if they als bastfully prmted themselves.
“We see trust as a central cncept that hlds tgether sciety,” Reimann added. “If we dn’t trust each ther, then a lt f prcesses culd cme t a standstill. It’s imprtant t understand what it is in the first place that leads peple t trust each ther, and hw we can encurage that at different levels f sciety. That’s what we want t further uncver.”
1．Accrding t the text, what d many peple d by impressin management?
A．Make themselves seem mre imprtant.B．Remind thers that basting will lse trust.
C．Shw what their impressin f smene is.D．Prve that they have becme mre capable.
2．Which f the fllwing in the experiment was cnnected with basting?
A．A TV.B．Participants.C．Vendrs.D．Custmer reviews.
3．What will the researchers’ future study fcus n?
A．The bad effects f basting.B．Peple’s views n basting.
C．Prmtin f trust amng peple.D．Different levels f trust in sciety.
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Peple need t be able t trust each ther.B．Basting culd make peple trust yu less.
C．Peple’s trust depends n hw hnest yu are.D．Being gd at yur jb helps yu t gain trust.
5.（2024·广东省江门市高三调研测试）
A cmputer mdel created by researchers can detect ChatGPT-generated fake studies with great accuracy, a new study shws. This implies that althugh the artificial intelligence(AI)chatbt ChatGPT may be a decent imitatr f human wrkers in several fields, scientific research is nt ne f them.
In the new study, published June 7 in the jurnal Cell Reprts Physical Science, researchers created a new cmputer learning prgram t tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by ChatGPT. The scientists trained the prgram t identify key differences between 64 real studies published in the jurnal Science and 128 papers created by ChatGPT using the same 64 papers as a prmpt.
The team then tested hw well their mdel culd distinguish between a grup f real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers frm the jurnal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The prgram marked the AI-written papers mre than 99%f the time and culd crrectly tell the differences between human-written and chatbt-written paragraphs 92%f the time.
ChatGPT-generated papers differed frm human text in fur key ways: paragraph cmplexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuatin marks and “ppular wrds”. Fr example, human authrs write lnger and mre cmplex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuatin that is nt fund in real papers, such as exclamatin marks.
Creating cmputer prgrams t tell real papers frm AI-generated nes is imprtant because previus studies have hinted that humans may nt be as gd at sptting the differences and AI is still capable f fling sme humans with its science writing.
The researchers f the new study say they are pleased that their prgram is effective at weeding ut fake papers but warn it is nly a prf f cncept. Much mre wide-scale studies are needed t create better mdels that are even mre reliable and can be trained t specific scientific disciplines t maintain the integrity f the scientific methd.
1．Which f the fllwing statements may be true accrding t the passage?
A．Paragraphs created by ChatGPT are shrter and easier.
B．Every human behaviur can be imitated by ChatGPT.
C．AI-generated papers can be crrectly recgnized by humans.
D．Humans are better at telling real papers frm AI-generated nes.
2．What des the figures in Para.3 indicate?
A．The cmplexity f the test.
B．The imprtance f AI-generated papers.
C．The effectiveness f the cmputer mdel.
D．A perfect match between AI-generated papers and real papers.
3．What may be the the researchers’ attitudes twards the cmputer prgram?
A．Favrable.B．Pessimistic.C．Skeptical.D．Cautius.
4．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the text?
A．The applicatin f ChatGPT in paper writing.
B．A cmputer prgram t identify.AI-generated papers.
C．The difference between AI-generated papers and real papers.
D．Pssibility fr ChatGPT t create cnvincing scientific papers.
三、阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意
1.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估节选）
The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run. A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac. The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The advantages f the Seatrac system.B．The success f the TOBEA cmpany.
C．The effrts f the TOBEA cmpany.D．The applicatin f the Seatrac system.
2.（2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次联考）
Amazn recently annunced its latest launch, a rbt called Astr. Small in size, but with impressive technlgy, Astr is seemingly similar t Amazn’s ppular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as Alexa, many critics are asking why there’s a need fr Astr.
Answering this questin, Amazn’s Vice-President f Prducts, Charlie Tritschler, highlights sme unique features f Astr that make it a different kind f rbt. Astr can mve n its wn and fllw peple, ffering cnsumers a far brader range f ptins. Besides, it can mnitr hme security. Astr uses Artificial Intelligence t learn mre abut husehld members by interacting with users. Users can als register themselves and thers int its recgnitin system. When they leave hme, they can make an away mde, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mde”, r “Patrl Mde” start wrking. If smene wh is nt recgnized enters the huse, Astr will fllw and recrd them. Astr’s mbility seems t be the key feature in its technlgical enhancement, but what appeals t peple mst is its “unique persna”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed n its screen-like head making it lk rather cute are a big reasn fr this.
Years f research shw that humans ften experience psitive emtinal cnnectins with rbts. Accrding t MIT’s technlgy review f Astr, it may nt fall far frm this bservatin. Peple have cme t lve rbtic pets, thugh they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Rbts at hme can play a useful rle in helping elderly patients fight lneliness r yung children face scial anxiety.
Amazn is ffering peple interested in Astr the chance t sign up fr Day 1 Editins, a prgram giving invitatins t Astr as sn as it ges n the market later this year. Tritschler is encuraging peple t persnalize the rbt when it becmes available, and he is cnfident that users will cme up with mre ideas and features they will want t see in the rbt in the near future t make it even better.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cnvenient peratin f Astr.B．The essential functins f Astr.
C．The increasing ppularity f Astr.D．The distinctive capabilities f Astr.
2．Which aspect f Astr attracts peple mst?
A．Its recgnitin system.B．Its ability t mve n its wn.
C．Its adrable appearance.D．Its ability t mnitr hme security.
3．What is Tritschler’s attitude t the future f Astr?
A．Critical.B．Psitive.C．Uncertain.D．Dubtful.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Astr: A Rbt AssistantB．The New Revlutin f AI
C．Astr: An Emtinal ReliefD．The Great Ptential f Rbts
3.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考 阅读理解B节选）
Debate tests the teenage character perhaps mre than any ther activity. The shy and the unsure ften have n desire t lk up frm their screens and engage in the ldest human interactin: persuasive ral arguments. It’s dreadful territry fr the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in frnt f yur peers, it all sunds like the kind f class students wuld be mst likely t skip. But Anna draws them in.
4.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期10月期中阅读理解B节选）
Wall painting is part f Tm’s utput. He has created a wall painting fr Electric Picnic, alng with fur ther artists invited t take part in this cmmissin. His wall painting has a special theme, prtrayed by dves (鸽子). As well as his anti-war standpint, he is ding smething meaningful. Tm is a funding member f a tree planting prject called Trees Please. The grup has distributed 10, 000 trees in abut fur years acrss Ireland.
5．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut Tm?
A．His sense f humr and creativity.B．His effrt t prtect plants and animals.
C．His advice n painting and planting trees.D．His passin fr peace and the envirnment.
5.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期10月期中）Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payff in a situatin based n nt nly their decisins but als the decisins f ther parties invlved. It can als be used in many aspects f life, frm ecnmics t scial behaviral sciences, frm business strategies t a huse sale and s n.
What des paragraph 4 mainly tell us abut Nash equilibrium?
A．Its elements.B．Its applicatins.C．Its drawbacks.D．Its backgrunds.
高考真题
1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
2.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8．What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A．Make a mvie.B．Build new schls.
C．Run a prject.D．Help lcal musicians.
9．What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A．It is particularly difficult.B．It increases artists' incme.
C．It pens children's mind.D．It deserves greater attentin.
10．What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A．Mral principles.B．Interpersnal skills.
C．Creative abilities.D．Psitive wrldviews.
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet Artists
C．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
3.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many Frms
C．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck
4.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp StryB．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
5.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C．Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
7. What is n the ever-grwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A. Psitive effects f ding exercises.
B. Exercises suitable fr the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies n diseases.
D. Advantages f sprty wman ver man
8. Why did the researchers ask the wman t d bicycle exercise?
A. T predict their maximum heart rate.
B. T assess their cardivascular capacity
C. T change their habits f wrking ut
D. T detect their ptential health prblems
9. What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A. It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B. Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C. Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D. The results were far frm satisfactry.
10. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C. Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D. Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
9.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
10.2021年全国甲卷之D篇
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
11.2021年全国乙卷之C篇
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
12.2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
9. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind.D. It deserves greater attentin.
10. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
13.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
4. What is the prblem with the authr’s children?
A. They ften anny their neighburs.B. They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C. They have n friends t play withD. They stay in frnt f screens fr t lng.
5. Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A. By making a dcumentary film.B. By rganizing utdr activities.
C. By advertising in Lndn media.D. By creating a netwrk f friends.
6. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. recrdsB. predictsC. delaysD. cnfirms
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
15.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures," she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect. ”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling:" Climb n me. " The yungster immediately jumps n t its mthers back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there. that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans," said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins," she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A．Memrizing specific wrds.B．Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C．Using vices t cmmunicate.D．Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
45．What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A．It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B．It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
46．What des the underlined wrd "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
47．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B．Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D．Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
16.2020年全国II卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
32. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
34. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
17.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
18.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
32. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
34. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
19.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin - nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
20.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk-sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating(协调), ” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries. ”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns-including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the vlunteers t take the tests?
A. T assess their health status.B. T evaluate their wrk habits.
C. T analyze their persnality.D. T measure their mental ability.
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s wrds.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By referring t anther study.D. By intrducing a cncept.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
21.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. Key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time，the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key t a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian:rigid，demanding r cntrlling. Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics:children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy(自主权).
In the study，abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.
27. What is special abut the BYU prfessrs' study?
A. It centered n fathers' rle in parenting.
B. It was based n a number f large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds f parenting styles.
D. It aimed t imprve kids' achievement in schl.
28. What wuld an authritative father d when raising his children?
A. Ignre their demands.B. Make decisins fr them.
C. Cntrl their behavirs.D. Explain the rules t them.
29. Which grup can be a fcus f future studies accrding t the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged frm 11 t 14.
C. Authritarian fathers.
D. Mthers in tw-parent hmes.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father.
D. Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance.
22.D【2020·全国I】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.316
32．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．A new study f different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D．Benefits frm green plants.
23. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise f the Planet f the Apes" was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.241
25. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making "Apes."
B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes."
D. The perfrmance f real apes.
24.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
12. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
13. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
15. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
25.D【2022·全国甲卷】
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
26.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
27.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images(图像)f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dgs simply distinguish between the pictures based n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth," said study authr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the successful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Live Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapesB. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angryD. cmmunicate with each ther
9. What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B. Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C. Pictures used in the tw stages were different
D. The dgs were phtgraphed befre the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies.B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the studyD. An explanatin f the research methd.
28.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
in the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?