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    新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点05 语法填空之非谓语动词(含解析)

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    新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点05 语法填空之非谓语动词(含解析)

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    这是一份新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点05 语法填空之非谓语动词(含解析),共21页。


    【近年真题考点分布】
    【思维导图】
    【知识梳理】
    考点一:不定式用法
    1. 构成
    1. T catch the train, we'd better hurry t the statin by taxi.
    2. I meant t have finished my wrk last night, but I didn't feel very well.
    3. It has been an hnr fr me t have been invited t yur cuntry.
    4. It happened t be raining when I gt there.
    注意①seem; appear; be said; be suppsed; be believed; be thught; be knwn; be reprted等动词常用不定式。
    注意②expect / hpe /intend/ mean / prmise / suppse / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时,表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如:
    I intended t have called n yu, but was prevented frm ding s. 我原想来拜访你,但没来成。
    I expected t have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。
    I had hped t meet him at the railway statin, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。
    2.用法
    T finish that task in such a shrt time is really a challenge. (主语/形式主语)
    He managed t slve the cmplicated prblem. (宾语)
    I feel it a great hnr t be invited t speak at the meeting befre s many students. (形式宾语)
    His wish is t becme an astrnaut. (表语)
    On Sundays, he always has a lt f letters t write. (定语)
    She raised her vice t be heard well. (状语)
    The teacher encuraged the students t take active part in sme utdr activities.
    考点二:动名词用法
    ★ 必背动词
    ★ 必背句型
    The children are busy (in) ding their hmewrk. 孩子们忙于做作业。
    There is n pint (in) making the simple experiments nce again.
    The music is well wrth listening t mre than nce. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。
    Having been ill in bed fr nearly a mnth , he had a hard time passing the exam.
    考点三:分词用法
    The child standing ver there is my brther.
    Mst f the peple invited t the receptin were ld friends.
    His remark left me wndering what he was driving at.
    Please keep us infrmed f the latest develpments.
    Influenced by his example, they perfrmed cuntless gd deeds.
    Seeing thse pictures, he culdn’t help thinking f thse memrable days they spent tgether.
    Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
    Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want t g t the cinema.
    (2024年嘉定区二模)
    _____23_____(feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phne and turned n the flashlight. As I stepped ut f my bedrm, water was shting thrugh the gaps f the garden dr.
    I began t panic. In bare feet and with my shrts _____26_____(glue) t my bdy, I started t walk t my nly escape: the dr that leads upstairs.
    I managed t make a gap f abut a ft, just wide enugh _____28_____(frce) myself thrugh. Finally, I made it utside.
    【答案】 23. Feeling 26. glued 28. t frce
    【23题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:在黑暗中摸索着前进,我抓起手机,打开手电筒。此处feel与逻辑主语I构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Feeling。
    【26题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:光着脚,短裤粘在身上,我开始走向唯一的逃生之路:通往楼上的门。此处shrts与glue为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填glued。
    【28题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:我用它撬开了门,设法开了一个大约一英尺的缺口,刚好能勉强自己通过。此处为短语enugh t d sth.表示“足以做某事”。故填t frce。
    (2024年金山区二模)
    The research emplyed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explre) human migratin alng the Hexi Crridr.
    The Hexi Crridr, was a narrw yet crucial link ___23___ (cnnect) the heartland f ancient China t the Western Territry. Characterized by its lfty muntains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dtted with cities ___24___ (fund) alng shrt rivers.
    【答案】 22. t explre 23. cnnecting 24. funded
    【22题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。短语emply sth. t d sth.表示“利用某物做某事”。故填t explre。
    【23题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:河西走廊是连接古代中国中心地带和西域的一条狭窄而重要的通道。分析句子结构可知cnnect与link构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填cnnecting。
    【24题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:这条古老的古道以高山和沙漠为特征,沿着短河流点缀着城市。此处cities与fund构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填funded。
    (2024年静安区二模)
    The music cntained many marks f traditinal classical music, but as it began, the instruments started t make lud, rugh sunds mre cmmnly ___1___ (hear) in chicken cps than in an auditrium.
    The early stages f cmpsitin were spent ___7___ (test) ut which instruments and sunds the chickens respnded t best.
    “They didn’t like any big banging,” Bstck said, adding that when the birds respnd psitively t the music, they tend ___8___ (wander) farther amng the trees. Bstck nw hpes chicken farmers arund the wrld will use the piece f music t calm their wn birds.
    【答案】1. heard 7. testing 8. t wander
    【1题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:音乐中包含了许多传统古典音乐的痕迹,但随着音乐的开始,乐器开始发出响亮而粗糙的声音,这种声音更常见于鸡舍而不是礼堂。分析句子可知,sunds为名词,空处修饰名词作定语,sunds与hear构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填heard。
    【7题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:作曲的早期阶段是用来测试鸡对哪种乐器和声音反应最好。spend time (in) ding sth.为固定短语,空处应用动名词。故填testing。
    【8题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:博斯托克说:“它们不喜欢大的撞击声。”他补充说,当鸟儿对音乐做出积极反应时,它们往往会在树林里飞得更远。tend t d意思为:往往,倾向于做,空处用不定式作宾语。故填t wander。
    (2024年浦东新区二模)
    As the waterfall wet my jacket, I clsed my eyes and tk ut my phne _____2_____ (recrd) the rush f dreamy reality befre me.
    I had cme in search f a sund, nt a sight.
    Thrughut my travels, I’ve fund myself _____3_____ (cllect) sund recrdings the way ther peple cllect suvenirs.
    【答案】 2. t recrd 3. cllecting
    【2题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:瀑布淋湿了我的夹克,我闭上眼睛,拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意,这里应用不定式,作目的状语。故填t recrd。
    【3题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的旅行中,我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. ding sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”,现在分词作宾补。故填cllecting。
    (2024年普陀区二模)
    Researchers whse first language is nt English can spend arund twice as lng reading an English scientific jurnal article as native speakers. Fr a PhD student, that can mean ___21___ (spend) up t 19 additinal wrking days per year just reading papers.
    These statistics, ___22___ (publish) tday in PLOS Bilgy, might nt be shcking, researchers say, but it’s imprtant t measure the effects f language barriers n the careers f academics ___23 (wh) ___ are nt fluent in English. “It is the first step fr the scientific cmmunity ___24___ (make) mre effrts t slve this prblem”, says Tatsuya Aman, a bidiversity researcher at the University f Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a c-authr f the study.
    【答案】21. spending 22. published 24. t make
    【21题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:对于一名博士生来说,这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean ding sth.表示“意味着做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填spending。
    【22题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员说,今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不
    令人震惊,但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知,publish与statistics构成被动关系,应用过去分词,作定语。故填published。
    【24题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Aman说:“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰,常跟动词不定式,作后置定语。故填t make。
    (2023·上海静安·统考二模)
    They are discvering that learning is easier, quicker with the bdy mvements ____2____(invlve).
    It means that ____7____(encurage) children t think and learn in a purely abstract way might actually make lessns harder fr them t understand and remember.
    【答案】 2.invlved 7.encuraging
    2.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们发现,通过肢体动作,学习变得更容易、更快。此处为with的复合结构,且invlve与bdy mvements构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填invlved。
    7.考查非谓语动词。句意:这意味着,鼓励孩子以纯粹抽象的方式思考和学习,实际上可能会让他们更难理解和记住课程。作宾语从句的主语,表示一般性的行为,应用动名词形式。故填encuraging。
    (2023·上海浦东新·统考二模)
    Accrding t Dbek’ design, the Mars Strage Statin (MSS) will be built ___16___(accmmdate) the need fr sufficient supplies.
    Rms with circular ceilings allw astrnauts t watch ___18___(dwnlad) shws and even see places n Earth, such as their hmes.
    【答案】 16.t accmmdate 18.dwnladed
    16.考查非谓语动词。句意:根据Dbek的设计,火星储存站(MSS)的建造将满足充足供应的需要。此处accmmdate作目的状语,应用不定式。故填t accmmdate。
    18.考查非谓语动词。句意:有圆形天花板的房间可以让宇航员观看下载的节目,甚至可以看到地球上的地方,比如他们的家。修饰后文名词shws应用过去分词dwnladed,作定语。故填dwnladed。
    (2023·上海青浦·统考二模)
    The flwer is a neighbr t a(n) ___24___ (relate) rchid species cmmn in Japan.
    Prfessr Suetsugu said he and his clleagues were “delighted ___28___ (identify) a new species”.

    We need t prtect natural envirnments t stp flwers ___29___ (disappear).
    【答案】 24.related 28.t have identified 29.disappearing
    24.考查过去分词。句意:这种花是日本常见的一种相关兰花的邻居。空格处过去分词转为用形容词作定语,修饰名词rchid species,relate的过去分词词是related,意为“相关的”,故填related。
    28.考查不定式。句意:Suetsugu教授说,他和他的同事“很高兴发现了一个新物种”。be delighted t d是固定短语,意为“很高兴做某事”,此处表示“很高兴发现了一个新物种”,因此空格处用不定式的完成式,即t have dne,故填t have identified。
    29.考查动名词。句意:我们需要保护自然环境,防止花朵消失。stp sb. (frm) ding是固定短语,意为“阻止某人做某事”,因此空格处用动名词,故填disappearing。
    (2023·上海宝山·统考二模)
    Just like in the mvie, mst catfishing cheats start with the catfish ___34___ (try) t sweet talk their victim int falling in lve with them. Why? There are a variety f reasns peple catfish.
    Sme catfish attempt ___35___ (charm) their victim int trusting them, and then ask them fr mney.
    But in sme situatins, catfish are just lnely peple, ___37___ (dissatisfy) with their lives and using scial media t live in an alternate reality.
    【答案】34.trying 35.t charm 37.dissatisfied
    34.考查非谓语动词。句意:就像电影里一样,大多数Catfishing欺骗都是从诱饵试图用甜言蜜语让受害者爱上自己开始的。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词start,所以try应该用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语catfish是主动关系,故用动名词的一般式和catfish构成动名词的复合结构作start with的宾语。故填trying。
    35.考查非谓语动词。句意:有些诱饵试图诱使受害者相信自己,然后向他们要钱。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定搭配:attempt t d意为“尝试做……”。故填t charm。
    37.考查过去分词。句意:但在某些情况下,诱饵只是孤独的人,对自己的生活不满意,利用社交媒体生活在另一个现实中。be dissatisfied with“对……不满”是固定短语,此处省略be,用形容词作状语。故填dissatisfied。
    (2023·上海松江·统考二模)
    I have fund that the subscriptin-based app Sweat and Centr has gd, shrt rutines and clear instructins ___44___ (imprve) yur frm. There are cuntless persnal trainers and yga instructrs n the Internet wh have been giving free classes t peple ___45___ (stick) at hme.
    【答案】 44.t imprve/imprving 45.stuck
    44.考查非谓语动词。句意:我发现基于订阅的应用Sweat and center有很好的、简短的程序和明确的指导来改善你的姿势。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,imprve与shrt rutines and clear instructins之间为主动关系,强调未发生的动作可以使用不定式形式;也可用现在分词。故填t imprve/imprving。
    45.考查非谓语动词。句意:网上有无数的私人教练和瑜伽教练为困在家里的人提供免费课程。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,stick与peple之间为被动关系,使用过去分词形式。故填stuck。
    (2023·上海闵行·统考二模)
    Astrnauts have successfully grwn 10 different crps n the space statin since 2015 and had the chance ___53___ (taste) each ne. The Internatinal Space Statin hsted a party fr astrnauts n Friday as they celebrated the harvest f the first chili peppers ___54___ (raise) in space.
    【答案】 53.t taste 54.raised
    53.考查非谓语动词。句意:自2015年以来,宇航员已经在空间站成功种植了十种不同的作物,并有机会品尝每一种。名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填t taste。
    54.考查非谓语动词。句意:周五,国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对,庆祝收获了第一批在太空种植的辣椒。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语the first chili peppers构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,表被动和完成。故填raised。
    (2023·上海奉贤·统考二模)
    Althugh it is up t the reader ____66____ (grasp) exactly what that emtin is, it’s a useful signal.

    Perhaps this is because they seem shuty and frced, ____69____ (give) away a writer’s need t tell the reader hw t read a sentence.
    【答案】 66.t grasp 69.giving
    66.考查固定句型。句意:尽管这种情绪是什么取决于读者,但它是一个有用的信号。分析句子可知,此处为固定句型It’s up t sb t d sth“由某人决定去做某事”,满足句意要求。故填t grasp。
    69.考查非谓语动词。句意:也许这是因为它们看起来很吵,很勉强,暴露出作者需要告诉读者如何阅读一个句子。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,give away和逻辑主语this为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故填giving。
    (2023·上海嘉定·统考二模)
    S it was bittersweet t hear my father’s yuthful wrds ___77___ (read) alud by my elderly mther with a sad tne.
    I dn’t want t enter her heart’s mst sacred place uninvited unless she wishes ____81____ (listen) t. But she has assured me that ne day she will share them with me.
    【答案】 77.read 81.t be listened
    77.考查非谓语动词。句意:所以,当我年迈的母亲用悲伤的语调大声朗读父亲年轻时的话语时,我感到苦乐参半。分析句子结构可知,此处为“hear+宾语+宾补”结构,read与宾语my father’s yuthful wrds之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式。故填read。
    81.考查非谓语动词。句意:我不想不请自来就进入她心中最神圣的地方除非她希望被倾听。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据固定用法wish t d sth.可知,此处应为不定式形式,且listen t与句子主语之间为被动关系,所以此处应为不定式的被动形式。故填t be listened。
    (2023·上海金山·统考二模)
    Millins f peple have used ChatGPT since it _____82_____ (launch) in Nvember 2022. Ppular requests fr it include writing sngs, pems, marketing cpy, cmputer cde, and helping with hmewrk,
    【答案】82.was launched
    82.考查动词时态、语态。句意:自2022年11月ChatGPT推出以来,已有数百万人使用它。设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中,其中的时间状语为in Nvember 2022,应用一般过去时,launch与逻辑主语it之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,助动词为was。故填was launched。
    (2023·上海金山·统考二模)
    ChatGPT answers questins _____84_____ (emply) natural human-like language, and it can als imitate ther writing styles such as sngwriters and authrs, using the Internet as its knwledge database.
    There are cncerns that it culd ne day take ver many jbs currently _____85_____ (d) by humans.
    OpenAI als annunced new partnerships with language learning app Duling and Be My Eyes, an applicatin fr the visually impaired, _____91_____ (create) AI Chatbts which can assist their users using natural language.
    【答案】 84.emplying 85.being dne/dne 91.t create
    84.考查非谓语动词。句意:ChatGPT使用自然的类人语言回答问题,它还可以模仿其他写作风格,如词曲作者和作家,使用互联网作为其知识库。句子谓语为answers,设空处为非谓语动词,emply与逻辑主语 ChatGPT之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填emplying。
    85.考查非谓语动词。句意:有人担心,有一天它可能会取代目前由人类完成的许多工作。此处考查many jbs的后置定语,d与逻辑主语many jbs之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,设空处应用过去分词dne,根据时间状语currently,也可用现在分词的被动语态,表示正在被进行,故填dne / being dne。
    91.考查非谓语动词。句意:OpenAI还宣布与语言学习应用多邻国(Duling)和面向视障人士的应用Be My Eyes建立新的合作伙伴关系,以创建可以使用自然语言帮助用户的人工智能聊天机器人。句子的谓语为annunced,设空处为非谓语动词,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t create。
    (2023·上海虹口·统考二模)
    I’ve fund that ____92____ (listen) back t these recrdings, I’m able t recall each place and mment in a different way than I can by scrlling thrugh images.
    When we receive infrmatin and encde it, it is fairly shrt-term in nature; but when ____95____ (stre), it becmes lng-term memry.
    It allws us ____97____ (transprt) urselves back and frward in time, acrss spaces,” Girdan said.
    【答案】92.listening 95.stred 97.t transprt
    92.考查现在分词。句意:我发现,听这些录音,我能以不同于滚动图像的方式回忆每个地点和时刻。动词listen和逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填listening。
    95.考查过去分词。句意:当我们接收信息并对其进行编码时,它本质上是相当短期的;但一旦储存起来,它就变成了长期记忆。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略,从句的主语是infrmatin,和动词stre之间是被动关系,句子是描述一个事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式是when it (the infrmatin) is stred,当状语从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省略,故填stred。
    97.考查动词不定式。句意:“它能让我们穿越时空,在时间中穿梭,” Girdan说。allw sb t d sth允许某人做某事,故此处应用动词不定式,故填t transprt。
    (2023·上海崇明·统考二模)
    “It’s like __104__ (add) bells and whistles t tea, giving peple a strnger sense f ccasin, s drinking tea is mre fun,” Han says. It’s als his intentin t bring the ld ritual back t mdern life and have mre peple __105__ (appreciate) its charm.

    The prcess begins with ht water being pured ver fine __108__ (pwder) tea creating a mixture.
    【答案】 104.adding 105.appreciate 108.pwdered
    104.考查动名词。句意:韩说“这就像在茶里加上铃铛和口哨,给人一种更强的场合感,所以喝茶更有趣”。根据句意和所给动词add以及空格前的介词like分析句子可知,空格处应该填入动名词adding作介词like的宾语。故填adding。
    105.考查不定式。句意:这也是他想让古老的仪式回归现代生活,让更多人欣赏它的魅力。根据句意和所给动词appreciate以及空格前的使役动词have分析句子可知,此处是考查固定搭配have smebdy d smething“让某人做某事”,其中d是省略t的不定式作宾语补足语。故填appreciate。
    108.考查过去分词做形容词。句意:这个过程开始于将热水倒在茶叶粉末上,形成糊状。根据句意和所给名词pwder以及空格后的名词tea分析句子可知,空格处应该填入pwder的形容词形式pwdered“粉状的”作定语,修饰后面的名词tea。故填pwdered。
    (2023·上海宝山·统考模拟预测)
    Keep the pattern ging until yu find yurself___118___ (rise) with the sun.
    Dn’t wrk hard t rise early during the week nly ___120___ (sleep) in n weekends. Pick an hur t wake up, and d it every day.
    【答案】 118.rising 120.t sleep
    118.考查非谓语动词。句意:保持这种模式,直到你发现自己随着太阳起床。分析句子可知,until引导的时间状语从句中有谓语find,故使用非谓语动词。yurself和rise之间为主动关系,故用现在分词做宾补。故填rising。
    120.考查非谓语动词。句意:不要在一周中早起努力工作,结果周末却睡懒觉。nly t d sth.表示“结果却……”。故用不定式作结果状语。故填t sleep。

    1.As a habitual cffee drinker and a regular custmer, his character named 663 sn finds it hard (nt pay) attentin t the free-spirited cunter girl played by Faye Wng. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】nt t play
    【详解】考查不定式。句意:作为一个习惯喝咖啡的人和常客,他的角色663很快就发现很难不注意Faye Wng扮演的自由奔放的柜台女孩。find it hard t d,发现很难……,根据句意和所给提示词可知,此空应填不定式的否定结构形式作逻辑宾语,而it为形式宾语。故填nt t play。
    2.Tny Leung plays the part f a (reject) lver perfectly and gives ff an air f being sad withut ever really being pathetic (可悲的). (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】rejected
    【详解】考查形容词。句意:梁朝伟完美地扮演了一个被冷落的恋人,他散发出一种悲伤的气息,但并不真的可悲。空处作定语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语lver之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填rejected。
    3.The secnd stry fcuses n tw peple (Tny Leung and Faye Wng) and hw they interact with each ther at a lcal fast fd stre (specialize) in fish and chips, chef’s salad and black cffee. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】specializing
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二个故事聚焦于两个人(梁朝伟和王菲),以及他们如何在当地一家专门经营炸鱼薯条、厨师沙拉和黑咖啡的快餐店互动。hw引导的宾语从句谓语为interact,此处为非谓语动词,且stre与specialize“专门从事”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作定语,修饰stre。故填specializing。
    4. (raise) in a family f mvie lvers has given me plenty f pprtunities t watch mvies, especially Hng Kng mvies, since I was a little by. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】Being raised
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在一个电影爱好者的家庭中长大,让我从小就有很多机会看电影,尤其是香港电影。分析句子可知,空处和空后的in a family f mvie lvers搭配,作句子的主语,是非谓语动词,且此处介绍的是一件已知的事情,因此应用raise的动名词形式,因raise“抚养,养育”和隐藏的逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,应用动名词的被动语态,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Being raised。
    5.Yu can’t imagine what great truble they will have (slve) the prblem being discussed at the mment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】slving
    【详解】考查动名词。句意:你无法想象他们解决目前正在讨论的问题将会有多大的困难。分析可知,“have truble (in) ding…”,固定短语,意为“做某事有困难”,介词in可省略,动名词作宾语。故填slving。
    6.Zhng Yang, a prfessr f bilgy at Fudan University devted t (build) a cllectin f seeds fr China’s natinal seed bank was awarded “Mdel f the Times” by the gvernment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】building
    【详解】考查动名词。句意:复旦大学生物学教授钟扬致力于为中国国家种子库建设种子库,被政府授予“时代楷模”。分析可知,“(be) devted t ding”,固定短语,意为“致力于做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填building。
    7.Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f (die) by running. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】dying
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能会喝酒、抽烟、超重,但仍然可以通过跑步来降低死亡的风险。空处应填动名词形式作介词f的宾语,故填dying。
    8.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】spent
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词remembers,所以spend用非谓语形式,pend和happy time是被动关系,这里用过去分词做后置定语,修饰happy time。故填spent。
    9.Based n past experiences, it takes fur t five years after ecnmic recvery fr unemplyment t pre-crisis levels. (return) (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】t return
    【详解】考查不定式。句意:根据过去的经验,失业率在经济复苏后需要四到五年才能恢复到危机前的水平。分析可知,此处为固定句型:it takes+时间+fr sb./sth. t d“对于某人/事来说做某事花……(时间)”,it为形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。故填t return。
    10.Seeing the sldiers well (prepare) fr the fight, the general ndded with satisfactin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】prepared
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:看到士兵们为战斗做好了充分的准备,将军满意地点了点头。分析句子可知,此空应填非谓语动词形式,prepare neself fr smething表示“为某事做好准备”,所以the sldiers和prepare为被动关系,再根据句意可知,这里应用过去分词作宾补。故填prepared。
    11.Sme 350,000 peple have reprtedly been left hmeless and are staying in shelters, anxiusly (await) news f friends and relatives. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】awaiting
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道,大约35万人无家可归,住在避难所,焦急地等待朋友和亲戚的消息。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词have been left和are staying,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,Sme 350,000 peple和await为逻辑主谓关系,空处需填现在分词形式。故填awaiting。
    12. (seat) in the frnt rw at the ceremny, ur distinguished guests are frm hme and abrad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】Seated
    【详解】考查非谓语。句意:我们的贵宾坐在典礼的前排,他们来自国内外。分析句子可知,此空应填非谓语,且ur distinguished guests 与seat为被动关系,再根据句意可知,这里应用过去分词作状语,且句首时首字母应大写。故填Seated。
    13.The famus film directr wre sun glasses t avid (recgnize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】being recgnized
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:那位著名的电影导演戴着太阳镜以免被人认出来。固定短语avid ding sth,recgnize与主语是逻辑动宾关系,应用动名词的被动语态。故填being recgnized。
    14.He sat in the stand and imagined (fight) bravely with a fierce bull in the Clsseum.(所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】fighting
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他坐在看台上,想象着在斗兽场与一头凶猛的公牛勇敢地搏斗。imagine ding sth. (想象做某事),fight用动名词形式,作宾语。故填fighting。
    15.Recently a survey (cmpare) prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused heated debate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
    【答案】cmparing
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最近一项比较在两个不同超市里相同商品的价格的调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论。句中谓语是has caused,空格处用非谓语形式,a survey与cmpare在逻辑上构成主谓关系,用现在分词表主动,此处作定语,故填cmparing。

    【上海南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高三3月考试英语试卷】
    Health warning as UK swelters
    Peple acrss the UK have enjyed the sunshine this week, but they have als advised t be careful as a heat wave hits much f the cuntry.
    A heat wave is defined as a perid f ht weather ___1___ temperatures are higher than is expected fr the time f year. They usually happen in summer.
    Hwever, climate change (lng-term changes t weather patterns, mstly ___2___ (cause) by human activities such as burning fssil fuels, farming and cutting dwn frests) is increasing the chance f heat waves happening and making them mre extreme. The current ht weather is even (much) ___3___ extreme in sme Eurpean cuntries— temperatures in suthern Spain have reached 46℃.
    Heat waves can be a danger t peple’s health, especially fr vulnerable grups such as the elderly, children and peple ___4___ certain health cnditins. Hwever, anyne ___5___ suffer frm the effects f extreme heat, including dehydratin (nt having enugh water) and heatstrke (a cnditin caused by the bdy verheating). A grup f leading UK scientists ___6___ (suggest) that, just as strms are given names, we shuld name heat waves in rder t raise awareness f the health risks.
    The Met Office, the UK’s natinal weather service, has issued an amber warning. This means there is the pssibility f travel delays, rad and rail clsures, pwer cuts and a ptential risk t peple’s health. Temperatures are expected ___7___ (rise) t 35℃, and there have been predictins that the recrd fr the UK’s httest day culd be brken. Gvernment fficials have met t discuss ___8___ t intrduce a heat wave emergency.
    T cpe with ht weather, the NHS (Natinal Health Service) says peple shuld try t keep ut f the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, ___9___ temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strngest. Make sure yu wear a hat, apply sunscreen and drink plenty f water. ____10____ (clse) curtains in the rms in yur hme that face the sun will help t keep indr spaces cler. If yu are swimming utdrs t cl dwn, make sure yu’re with a trusted adult and fllw lcal safety advice.
    【答案】1. where 2. caused 3. mre 4. with 5. can 6. have suggested
    7. t rise 8. whether 9. when 10. Clsing
    【解析】
    【导语】这是一篇说明文。是英国极端高温天气的预警,介绍了天气现状、危害和应对高温的一些措施。
    【1题详解】
    考查定语从句。句意:热浪是指一年中气温高于预期的高温天气。分析句意可知,此处需要填关系副词where引导定语从句,因为先行词a perid f ht weather 在从句中作地点状语,即“在这种天气里,气温高于预期”。故填where。
    【2题详解】
    考查过去分词。然而,气候变化(气候模式的长期变化,主要由燃烧化石燃料、耕作和砍伐森林等人类活动引起)增加了热浪发生的机会,并使热浪更加极端。根据空后的by 可知,此处动词cause“导致”使用过去分词形式,作后置定语修饰climate change“气候变化”。故填caused。
    【3题详解】
    考查形容词比较级。句意:目前的炎热天气在一些欧洲国家甚至更加极端——西班牙南部的气温已经达到46℃。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有一些地方的天气更加极端,达到46度了,故使用比较级形式。故填mre。
    【4题详解】
    考查介词。句意:热浪可能会对人们的健康造成危害,尤其是对老年人、儿童和有某些健康问题的人等弱势群体。分析句意可知,此处需要填写介词with构成介词短语作定语,表示“有某些健康问题的人”。故填with。
    【5题详解】
    考查情态动词。句意:然而,任何人都可能受到酷热的影响,包括脱水(没有足够的水)和中暑(身体过热导致的状况)。分析句意可知,本句谓语动词为suffer“遭受”,故此空位置应填助动词或情态动词。上文“Heat waves can be a danger t peple’s health(热浪可能会对人们的健康造成危害)”也是使用情态动词can表示推测“可能”,故此处也应该使用can表示肯定的推测。故填can。
    【6题详解】
    考查动词时态。句意:一组英国著名科学家建议,正如风暴被命名一样,我们应该为热浪命名,以提高人们对健康风险的认识。分析句意可知,此处谓语动词suggest“建议”应该使用现在完成时,与后文“The Met Office, the UK’s natinal weather service, has issued an amber warning.(英国国家气象局Met Office发布了琥珀色警告。)”保持时态一致。故填have suggested。
    【7题详解】
    考查不定式。句意:预计气温将升至35℃,有预测称英国最热的一天的纪录可能会被打破。be expected t d 表示“预计”。故填t rise。
    【8题详解】
    考查连词。句意:政府官员已经开会讨论是否引入热浪紧急情况。分析句意可知,此处需要填写连词whether“是否”,引导whether加不定式的结构作宾语,表示讨论的内容。故填whether。
    【9题详解】
    考查非限定性定语从句。句意:为了应对炎热的天气,国家卫生局表示,人们应该在上午11点到下午3点之间尽量远离太阳,此时气温最高,阳光最强。分析句意可知,此处填关系副词when引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词between 11 am and 3 pm“上午11点到下午3点之间”,在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
    【10题详解】
    考查动名词。句意:把家中面向阳光的房间里的窗帘关闭有助于保持室内空间凉爽。分析句意可知,此处动词clse“关闭”使用动名词形式clsing作主语,表示一般性的行为,故填Clsing。

    (2017年·上海春考真题)
    “Ztpia” Brke Disney Recrds
    Last weekend, the latest Disney mvie, ztpia, brke recrds. The mvie had the largest pening weekend fr a Disney animatin. Peple acrss the U.S bught mre than $75millin wrth f tickets.
    Ztpia is a city f animals. The mvie starts with a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 21___________team up t find a missing tter (水獭). He is amng several animals that have suddenly disappeared frm the city.
    Ztpia 22___________(praise) fr its sharp humr and strng message since its release. The film explres racism and ther issues in the descriptin f relatins 23___________ tw kinds f animals in the city.
    Jaed Bush had Phil wrte ztpia. They tld reprters that it started ut as a spy mvie 24___________(set) in several different cntexts. But they changed the stry 25___________they fund the animal wrld especially interesting. They said t 26___________smething like this, “What’s this wrld like? What’s the histry f this wrld?” and then, Bush said, they went t the experts. Nt nly 27___________the writers speak with peple wh study culture and grup behavir, but als they talked with animals experts like zkeepers
    The creatrs have nted that the variety f animals was nt easy 28___________(prduce) in drawings. In the mvie, 64 species live in multiple neighbrhds 29___________(represent) different animals’ living envirnments. Disney says ztpia is its 30___________(cmplex) animatin yet. The extra effrt is certainly paying ff at the bx ffice.
    【答案】
    21.wh 22. has been praised 23. between 24.set 25. because/when/after/since/as
    26. themselves 27. did 28. t prduce 29. representing 30. mst cmplex
    【解析】
    2L.wh[解析] 考查定语从句。考查 wh 引导的定语从句,修饰前面的a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 。 The mvie stars a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal wh team up t find a missing tter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。
    has been praised[解析]考查现在完成时的被动。praised 被表扬且句子中又个词 since。“Ztpia”was praised fr its sharp humr and strng message since its release.自《动物城》发行以来,它因为突出的幽默和强有力的信息被称赞。
    23.between[解析]考查介词。between 在之间,用于涉及两个人或物相百关系时。The film explres racism and ther issues in its descriptin f relatin:between tw kinds f animals in the city.这部电影在城市的两种动物之间探讨了利族和其他描述关于这种关系的问题。
    24.set[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。set 与被修饰词 mvie 是被动关系,且set 的过去时和过去分词都是原型,因此用 set 作后置定语修饰 mvie。句意 They tld reprters that it started ut as a spy mvie sel in several different cntexts. 他 们]诉记者这部电影是作为在几个不同背景下的间谍电影设置的。
    25.because[解析]考查原因状语从句。But they changed the stry because they fund the animal wrld especially interesting.但他们将改变了故事,因为他们发现动物世界特别有趣。
    26.themselves[解析]考查复合不定代词。themselves 他们自己。They said t themselves smething like this.他们对自己说了这样的话。
    27.did[解析]考查倒装句。复合句的倒装,主句倒装从句不倒装。因此 but als后面的句子不用倒装,nt nly 后面的句子倒装。句意为 N nly did the writers speak with peple wh study cuture and grup behavir, but als they talked with animal experts like zkeepers.作者不仅与研究时装和群体行为的人交谈,还与动物专家如动物例养员交谈。
    28.t prduce《解析]考查动词不定式。be nt easy t d sth.做某事不容易。The creatrs have nted that the variety f animals was nt easy t prduce in drawings.t作者们意识到动物的多样性很难在绘画中产出。
    29.representing[解析]考查现在分词。representing 和句子的主语是主动关系句子中已经有谓语动词live,所以此处用现在分词表示表示主动。句意 In the mvie64 species live in multiple neighbrhds representing different animals’ living envirnments.在电影中,64 种物种生活在多个代表不同动物的生存环境的社区
    30.mst cmplex[解析]考查形容词比较级。Mst cmplex 最复杂 Disney say“Ztpia”is its mst cmplex animatin yet迪士尼说动物城是它拍摄的最复杂的动画。
    高考考点
    语法填空之非谓语动词
    2023上海秋考
    His name was Msi, meaning "smke" in his native tngue. He had cme a lng way (22 ) _____(watch )ver his kingdm, (23 )_____(assume )the thrne (王权)at a yung age.
    The peple f the kingdm admired King Msi's wisdm. They wuld remain ( 27 )_________ ( seat )fr hurs , listening t his wise wrds and learning frm his judgments.
    【答案】 22.t watch 23.assuming 27.seated
    【详解】
    22,t watch【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语和谓语为He had cme判定空格处为非谓语结构。再根据句意判定,该空所在的位置需要填入动词不定式作目的状语,表示“他走过了很长的路来监视他的王国”,因此填t watch。
    23.assuming【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,空格前的句子的谓语是had cme,且空格的提示动词前有逗号,判定此处为非谓语结构。根据句意该空需要填入一个非调语动词来表示主语 He的行为,同时这个行为与主句中的 had cme a lng way是同时发生的,因此应该使用现在分词assuming,表示伴随。
    27.seated 【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的故去分词作表语,“remain+过去分词"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”,而 seated 是 seat的过去分词转化而来的形容词,意为“坐着的”,故此处填入seated。
    2023上海春考
    (21) __________( riginate ) in the United States f America, the idea f Yung Enterprise was intrduced int Britain by a successful banker.
    But it is usually pssible (24 )__________ ( include ) yung peple in the same age grup wh have left schl but have nt yet started wrk.
    A Spnsr,(29)______ (reward) nly by the success f the enterprise f "its" Achievers, is an rganizatin which participates in Yung Enterprise and,at its wn expense, prvides facilities by making available cmmunicatins,advice and encuragement.
    【答案】21. Originating 24. t include 29. rewarded
    【详解】
    Originating 考查现在分词 "riginate"是“起源于……”,非谓语动词的现在分词形式,修饰"the idea f Yung Enterprise",表示Yung Enterprise的想法起源于美国。
    24. t include 考查动词不定式。"t include"根据句子结构,空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词,而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加t d smething.故填入动词不定式t include. 句意:但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内,他们已经离开学校,但尚未开始工作。
    29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语,修饰"Spnsr",表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
    2022上海秋考
    Interviewing entrepreneurs might prvide insight int the steps they tk(22) ________(achieve) success. Here is the interview f entrepreneur-related questins, and yu will find mre preparatins fr it.
    Suppse a business idea des nt center n prducing a prduct that fills a gap in the(25) ______ (exist) market. In that case, it mst ften centers n applying technical advancements t simplify the prcess f btaining a prduct r service.
    It necessitates a wrk style (29)________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning fr the firm's shrt and lng term gals.
    【答案】22 t achieve 25.existing 29 characterized
    【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句子结构,企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功,所以这里应用动词不定式表目的。而且根据句子的谓语动词 might prvide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。故填入t achieve。句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤。
    25.existing
    【解析】考查先分词作定语。根据句子结构可知,此处应用形容间修饰名词 market,而且从句子的谓语动词 des nt center 也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词,故填入existing(现存的,现行的)。句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品。
    29.characterized
    【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语,根据句子的谓语动词necessitates 判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构,而且由"by”可知,此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组a wrk style,此处实际上是一个定酒从句.which is characterized by multitasking and planning: 省略了 which is,故填入characterized。句意:它需要种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。
    2022上海春考
    The light mved acrss the sky, (21)___________( cme ) and ging, like cluds in a strng wind in the United States,
    Why des the aurra happen? And why can we nly see it at the tp r bttm f the earth The aurra is made by smething (25)__________(call) the ‘'slar wind’( wind frm the sun).
    Alaska is a gd place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurra brealis , and yu can als g t places like Iceland, Siberia , the nrth f Greenland , Nrway , Sweden,
    【答案】21.cming 25.called 28.t see
    【解析】
    21.cming
    [解析]考查现在分词。根据句子结构,空格处提示动词与“ging”并列,所以形式应保持一致,所以填入 cming。句意:光在天空中移动,来来去去,就像强风中的云。
    25.called
    [解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词 is made,判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,而且分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 smething,故填入 called。句意: 极光是由一种叫做“太阳风来自太阳的风)的东西产生的。
    28.t see
    [解析]考查动词不定式。根据句子谓语动词 is 判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构,而此处考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名词+t+d+sth.),故填入 t see句意:阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。
    一般式
    t d /被动 t be dne
    进行式
    t be ding
    完成式
    t have dne /被动 t have been dne
    完成进行式
    t have been ding
    主动语态
    被动语态
    一般式 writing
    being written
    完成式 having written
    having been written
    admit 承认
    appreciate 感激
    avid 避免
    frbid 禁止
    cnsider考虑
    delay 耽误
    deny 否认
    detest 讨厌
    endure 忍受
    enjy 喜欢
    escape 逃脱
    fancy 想象
    finish 完成
    imagine 想象
    mind 介意
    miss 想念
    pstpne推迟
    practice 训练
    recall 回忆
    prpse 建议
    resume 继续
    ban 禁止
    risk 冒险
    suggest 建议
    keep 继续
    include 包括
    stand 忍受
    understand 理解
    frgive 宽恕
    recmmend推荐
    advise建议
    invlve涉及
    mentin提及
    resist 抵制
    permit 默许
    allw 允许
    现在分词主动语态
    现在分词被动语态
    一般式 writing
    being written
    完成式 having written
    having been written

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