所属成套资源:新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练 (含解析)
新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点06 定语从句(含解析)
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这是一份新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点06 定语从句(含解析),共19页。
【近年真题考点分布】
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
考点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership,which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
考点二:关系副词引导的定语从句
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
考点三:非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去 掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍,她看起来很忙。)
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages,which surprises all the peple present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。)
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,还可把all, sme,mst, nne或bth加上f which或f whm来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He lved his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母,他们对他非常好。)
考点四:“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whm,且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+f+which/whm”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears,nne f which has been prved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many yung peple,mst f whm were welleducated,headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3.在非限制性定语从句中,whse修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+f which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+f whm”。
The newlybuilt café,the walls f which (=whse walls) are painted light green,is really a peaceful place fr us,especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
考点五: 关系代词as和which的区别
1. 位置不同。
as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末;which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
2. 意义不同。
as意为“正如,就像”,引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义,主要起承上启下的作用;which意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,补充说明主句的状态或结果。
As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
3. 当先行词被such, s, as等词修饰时,一般用as引导定语从句。
Such bks as yu want are sld ut.
(2024年宝山区二模)
Ghst fishing is what abandned fishing tl des. It still catches fish, but n ne benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)____23____ als get caught, creating a vicius cycle.
【答案】 23. which##that
【23题详解】考查定语从句。句意:被困的鱼死亡,吸引食腐动物,食腐动物也被捕获,形成恶性循环。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是scavengers,指物,关系词在从句作主语,应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
(2024年崇明区二模)
The grup f 16 dancers, riginating frm the Chashan regin in Suth China’s Guangdng prvince, ___23___ the art frm riginated, ffered a sensry cultural feast (盛宴) t the peple f the United Kingdm.
【答案】 23. where
【23题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:这支由16名舞者组成的舞团,来自中国南部广东省潮汕地区,是这种艺术形式的发源地,他们为英国人民提供了一场感官上的文化盛宴。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the Chashan regin”,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故填where。
(2024年虹口区二模)
The same ges fr cncerts, mvie theaters and ther places ____22____ peple rutinely ignre filming restrictins. A new patent frm Apple may blck that rule-breaking feature—n phnes at least.
【答案】22. where
【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意:音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知,此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
(2024年黄浦区二模)
If yu d walk and use yur device at the same time, stp when yu’re arund stairs, crsswalks and messy r uneven grund, ____30____ accidents are mre likely t ccur.
【答案】 30. where
【30题详解】考查定语从句。句意:如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备,在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来,因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crsswalks and messy r uneven grund,在从句作地点状语,故填where。
(2024年嘉定区二模)
I struggled t the dr and tried t pull it pen, but the frce f the water wuldn’t let me d s. I lked arund and grabbed a brm _____27_____was flating behind me.
【答案】27. that##which
【27题详解】考查定语从句。句意:我环顾四周,抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。定语从句修饰先行词brm,在从句作主语,指物。故填that/which。
(2024年静安区二模)
The cmpser, Hamish Oliver, ___6___ used the barque traditin as a starting pint and drew inspiratin frm cmpsers such as Crelli, Bach, and Schnittke, wanted the piece t be playful by including sunds frm a chicken’s wrld.
【答案】6. wh
【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意:作曲家哈米什·奥利弗(Hamish Oliver)以巴洛克传统为出发点,从科雷利(Crelli)、巴赫(Bach)和施尼特克(Schnittke)等作曲家那里汲取灵感,他希望这首曲子能通过加入鸡的世界的声音而变得有趣。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Hamish Oliver,表示人,关系词作从句主语,用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
(2024年闵行区二模)
But like all perfrmances, there are mments ___27___ things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily, I was able t catch them and put them back.”
【答案】
27. when
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:但就像所有的表演一样,也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句,先行词为mments,从句缺少时间 状语,应用关系副词when。故填when。
(2023·上海静安·统考二模)
There is evidence that teachers, ____8____ in varius cases use arms and hand mvements in lessns, achieve better teaching results.
【答案】8.wh
8.考查定语从句。句意:有证据表明,在各种情况下,教师在课堂上使用手臂和手的动作,取得了更好的教学效果。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词teachers,在从句中作主语,指人,故填wh。
(2023·上海浦东新·统考二模)
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passin ___13___has yet t run ut f fuel.
【答案】 13.that/which
13.考查定语从句。句意:她说,那天晚上看月食唤醒了她的激情,她的激情还没有耗尽。修饰先行词passin,在从句中作主语,指物,故用that/which。故填that/which。
(2023·上海青浦·统考二模)
The newly-fund rchid is beautiful. It is pink and white, it has a central stem, arund ___23___ grw tiny, bell-shaped flwers, and its delicate petals (花瓣) lk like they are made frm glass.
【答案】23.which
23.考查定语从句。句意:它是粉红色和白色的,它有一个中央茎,周围生长着细小的钟形花朵,它精致的花瓣看起来像玻璃做的。空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词stem是物,因此空格处用which,故填which。
(2023·上海宝山·统考二模)
Catfishing is an nline cheat ___33___ smene n a scial media platfrm pretends t be smene they’re nt.
【答案】 33.where
33.考查定语从句关系词。句意:Catfishing是一种网络欺骗,指某人在社交媒体平台上伪装成别人。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是nline cheat,在从句中作地点状语,用where引导。故填where。
(2023·上海松江·统考二模)
Studies have shwn that lw-level physical activities ___41___ use gentle stretching, like yga r tai chi, help with sleep quality.
【答案】41.that/which
41.考查定语从句。句意:研究表明,轻度伸展的低水平体育活动,如瑜伽或太极,有助于提高睡眠质量。分析句子结构可知,此处为连词引导的限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词activities指的是物,所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
(2023·上海闵行·统考二模)
They can help t keep mrale (士气) and prvide a sense f nrmalcy (正常) n missins ___58___ all the cnditins are distinctively different frm the earth.
【答案】 58.where
58.考查定语从句。句意:它们可以帮助保持士气,并在所有条件与地球截然不同的任务中提供一种正常的感觉。定语从句修饰先行词missins,从句缺少地点状语,故用where引导。故填where。
(2023·上海奉贤·统考二模)
An exclamatin mark is a valid frm f punctuatin ____65____ rigin can be traced back t a 14th century Italian schlar.
【答案】 65.whse
65.考查定语从句。句意:感叹号是一种有效的标点符号,它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词An exclamatin mark在从句中作rigin的定语成分,应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
(2023·上海嘉定·统考二模)
The letters ___74___ (address) t my mther in 1974 ver the curse f a mnth when my father traveled back t Italy t care fr his sick mther, leaving his wife and me behind in Trnt, ___75___ my parents had immigrated t in 1956.
【答案】 75.which
75.考查定语从句。句意:这些信是1974年写给我母亲的,当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲,把妻子和我留在了多伦多,我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知,此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少介词t的宾语,先行词为Trnt指物。故填which。
(2023·上海金山·统考二模)
GPT-4 will initially be available t ChatGPT Plus subscribers, _____88_____ pay $20 per mnth fr easy access t the service. It’s already pwering Micrsft’s Bing search engine platfrm.
【答案】 88.wh
考查定语从句。句意:T-4最初将提供给ChatGPT Plus用户,他们每月支付20美元即可轻松使用该服务。此处考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为ChatGPT Plus subscribers,为人,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填wh。
(2023·上海虹口·统考二模)
Accrding t a study at the University f Iwa named In ne ear and ut the ther, a grup f students participated in tw experiments in ____99____ they listened t sunds, lked at images and held bjects.
【答案】
99.which
99.考查定语从句。句意:根据爱荷华大学一项名为“一只耳朵进另一只耳朵出”的研究,一组学生参加了两个实验,他们分别听声音、看图像和拿着物体。分析句子可知,此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词是experiments,关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语,应用关系代词which,故填which。
(2023·上海崇明·统考二模)
Han Zheming has managed t perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha in Chinese, __21__ used t be a ritual during the Sng Dynasty.
【答案】21.which
21.考查定语从句。句意:韩喆明设法完善了这项技能,创造了杯茶艺术,或中国的点茶,这曾经是宋朝的一种仪式。根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句,对先行词dian cha进行限定说明,该定语从句缺少主语,所以空格处应该填入一个指物的关系代词,代替先行词dian cha在从句中作主语,所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。
Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularity during the Tang Dynasty and bmed thrughut the Sng Dynasty, __26__ tea became a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther essential items, such as rice, il and salt,
【答案】26.when
26.考查定语从句。句意:中国茶文化在唐朝开始流行,并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展,当时茶几乎成为每个人的必需品,从贵族、学者到普通人,就像宋政治家和思想家王安石所说的,茶就像大米、油和盐等其他必需品一样。根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句,对先行词the Sng Dynasty进行限定说明,因为从句中缺少时间状语,所以空格处应该填入关系副词when。故填when。
语法单句填空练习(定语从句)
1.The Internet has nw becme the first place the majrity f peple turn t fr infrmatin. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句,先行词是place,关系词在从句中作宾语,且先行词前有序数词修饰,应用关系代词that,故填that。
2.Occasins are quite rare I have the time t have a frmal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句,先行词ccasins,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,需用关系副词when引导。故填when。
3.TikTk, knwn as Duyin in China, is a scial media platfrm shrt vides can be edited and upladed easily.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:TikTk,在中国被称为抖音,是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ shrt vides can be edited and upladed easily.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a scial media platfrm,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以填关系副词where。故填where。
4.The teacher didn’t knw the reasn she was late fr schl. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词为 the reasn,在从句中作原因状语,所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。
5.The talented cmpser and singer shwed us arund his studi he cmpsed the sng Frever Yung. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室,在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studi。先行词在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
6.They have develped their friendship t a stage they share happiness and sufferings. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句,先行词为stage,在定语从句中作地点状语,故应用where引导,故填where。
7.The place at the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be where the crssriver traffic is the heaviest. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:拟建桥梁的地点应该是跨河交通最繁忙的地方。在定语从句中缺少介词at的宾语,且先行词为place,应用关系代词which。故填which。
8.He had strng determinatin and perseverance in the cmpetitin, made him successful. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力,这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
9.I had my car parked in a car park, I culd get my car battery charged. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我把车停在停车场,在那里我可以给汽车电池充电。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词park,在从句作地点状语,故填where。
10.I wn the first prize in the English speaking cntest, surprised my classmates. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在英语演讲比赛中我获得了第一名,这让同学们很惊讶。 surprised my classmates是非限制性定语从句,修饰前边的整个句子,从句中缺少主语,关系词代替整个主句的内容,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
11.I’ll be talking t Dr Richard, new bk The New Age f Inventin has just been published. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我将与理查德博士交谈,他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。先行词为 Dr Richard,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whse。故填whse。
12.This evening, I’ll be talking t Dr Richard Fairhurst, new bk The New Age f Inventin has just been published. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:今晚,我将与Dr Richard Fairhurst交谈,他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。空处引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst。先行词在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whse引导该从句。故填whse。
13.After several mnths, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was built near a primary schl in Uganda. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:几个月后,瑞安筹集了2000美元,用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。空处引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词the $2,000。先行词指物,在从句中作介词的宾语,所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
14.I cmmunicated with a lawyer, pint f view n the glbal affair was very nvel. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我和一个律师交流了一番,他关于全球事物的观点很新颖。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a lawyer,从句中pint f view与先行词为从属关系,关系词替代先行词作pint f view的定语,故应用关系代词whse引导,故填whse。
15.Yu are expected t find sme grup activities yu can be with peple wh share yur interests. (用适当的关系词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你应该参加一些团体活动,在那里你可以和有共同兴趣的人在一起。定语从句修饰先行词activities,在从句作地点状语,故填where。
16.D yu remember a certain ccasin yu were in truble and at that mment I gave yu a hand. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你还记得有一次你遇到困难时,我伸出了援助之手吗?定语从句修饰先行词ccasin,在从句作时间状语,故用when引导。故填when。
17.The ld man has tw daughters, bth f wrk as dctrs. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这位老人有两个女儿,都是医生。分析可知,逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句,设空处指代先行词tw daughters,作介词f的宾语,所以要用关系代词whm引导。故填whm。
18.The Amazn River, frm the rainfrest gets its name, is clse t 6,400 kilmetres in length -rughly 100 kilmetres lnger than the Yangtze River. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:亚马孙河,雨林的名字由此而来,全长近6400公里,比长江长约100公里。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词The Amazn River,指物,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作介词frm的宾语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
19.I wish t thank Prfessr Smith, with the help f , I becme wh I am tday. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯教授,在他的帮助下,我成为了今天的我。分析句子可知,此处为介词f+关系代词whm引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词Prfessr Smith在从句中作f的宾语成分,和help形成所属关系。故填whm。
20.Sme think f the ffice as the new ffsite, the purpse f is t get peple tgether s they can d the things that remte wrking makes harder: establishing deeper relatinships r cperating in real time n specific prjects.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:有些人认为办公室是新的异地办公场所,其目的是让人们聚在一起,做远程办公难以做到的事情:建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上实时合作。空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词ffsite是物,因此空格处是which,故填which。
Translatin(注意使用定语从句)
1. 我们工厂有两千名工人,其中三分之二是女的。(f whm )
2.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that)
3. 两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。 (whse)
4. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事,很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。(when)
5 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究,也值得整个社会群策群力,共商对策。 (which)
参考答案:
1.In ur factry there are 2,000 wrkers, tw thirds f whm are wmen.
2.He tld us many interesting things and persns that we had never heard.
3.The bss whse cmpany I wrked in tw years ag has much experience in slving such kind f prblem.
4. The pursuit f stability is nt a bad thing. and There are many times when such an attitude drives us t
imprve urselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks.
5. The develping trend f yuth prblems deserves ur attentin and research , which als deserves the jint effrts f the whle sciety t find slutin.
2022年秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
27 which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句,their frustratins and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语,属于事物,故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验,他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
2022年春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“r at the very suth,where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句,也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常,你只能在地球的最北边看到它,在那里它被称为北极光,或者在地球的最南边,它被称为南极光。
2021年秋考
Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析,可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语,修饰上旬所述相关情况,再结合句意分析,此处主要强调的是相关的时间,又因为该空前有介词 by,故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词,故此处填入 which。
2021年春考
Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive.
25.which /that
【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studi在从句中作主语。句意为:“否则,你需要找到一个当地的工作室,这可能是昂贵的。”
2020年秋考
This wuld be impssible (28)___withut_____ clcks and watches, (29)________ are all arund us: n walls, n ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's.
29.which
[解析]考查非限制性定语从句,横线之前说到了钟表和手表,横线之后说,“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”,可知是对前一句话的补充解说,which引导的定语从句,修饰前一句话末尾的“clcks and watches”,which 充当主语的成分。
2020年春考
The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) _________ (23) they were challenged t a ball game.
23. where
【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the tw brthers were tricked int... Xibalba (the underwrld),空后为定语从句they were challenged t a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba,所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。
2019年秋考
Orissa is the hme three mass nesting sites f the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinctin, and ne f the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ arund 70 t 80 millin turtles lay eggs n the beach every year, is cnsidered ne f the wrld’s largest nesting sites.
24.where
[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地,这是一个濒临灭绝的物种,其中之一,盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵,被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点,故用关系副词 where,相当于 in which=in the place
2019年春考
S ambitin and the timely realizatin (21) ________ he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn urged Jasn t engage his future self t find directin.
21. that
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知,he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn为限制性定语从句修饰先行词S ambitin and the timely realizatin,从句缺乏have 的宾语,故用关系代词that或者which。
2018年秋考
Smetimes, the parents (28 )_________cmplain abut the rle f screens in family life are just as guilty f spending t much time in frnt f ne.
28.that/wh
[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句,that 充当从句中的主语。
2018年春考
The rms (30) ______ the bys used t live lk vacant. I feel sadness but als jy.
30. where
30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全,少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语,where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。
2017年秋考
In recent years, scientists have finally begun t find prf 23__________ cntact with animals can increase a sick persn’s chance f survival and
23. that
[解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun t find prf that cntact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触 that 引导的定语从句。
They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund, with 29__________ cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.
29.whse
[解析]考查定语从句。They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund.with whse cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.当周围有动物的时候,他们更容易相处,他们更容易平静下来。cmpany 是名词,前面可用形容词性物主代词。
2017年春考
The mvie starts with a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 21___________team up t find a missing tter (水獭).
21.wh
[解析] 考查定语从句。考查 wh 引导的定语从句,修饰前面的a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 。 The mvie stars a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal wh team up t find a missing tter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。
1..博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷清,急需改善。( whse) (2019年春考)
【答案】The prly managed museum, whse exhibits are cvered with dust, attracts few visitrs and needs imprving badly.
【解析】
考点1: 主干梳理,四字短语 博物馆门厅冷清 翻译为the museum has rarely been visited
考点2:定语从句 展品和博物馆从属关系,用whse处理。The museum whse exhibits are cvered with
dust
考点3:定语从句 which 急需改善 which is in urgent need f imprvement.
考点4:非谓语或介词短语,“疏于管理”可翻译为 Lacking management 或Fr lack f management
参考答案:Fr lack f management/ Lacking management, the museum whse exhibits are cvered with dust has been rarely visited, which is in urgent need f imprvement.
2. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌,陪伴着世代居住的村民,见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(cmpany)(2021年春考)
【答案及解析】
The river that winds its way, in the cmpany f the villagers wh have lived there fr generatins, has witnessed the nging changes in the village.
The winding river has kept the villagers’ cmpany wh have lived here fr generatins and witnessed the rapid
The winding stream is in cmpany with the villagers all the time wh have lived here fr generatins, witnessing the rapid changes f the village.
注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思,作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异” rapid changes。此外就是提示词cmpany是名词,因为考纲里给的就是名词,我们首先想到的就是短
语:keep sb’s cmpany(变形为keep cmpany f sb)或者in cmpany with。这里个别人用cmpany动词,不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法,超出考纲范围,更为重要的是同学们还学到动词accmpany表示陪伴,很少用到cmpany作为动词。这个作为名词,表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。
【2021年上海春考真题】
Why Being in a Band Is Cl
When yu were yunger,a pian lessn may have ruined yur day. Carrying a flute(长笛) frm class t class just fr a half-hur lessn(21)_______have seemed pintless.But as yu enter the adult wrld suddenly yu realize that knwing hw t play an instrument is pretty cl. Yes, even the flute.
S,what makes being in a band s cl?Is it because yu get t g n stage and play t millins f adring fans? Well, yes, but it'll be a few years befre yur ddgy renditin f ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts t resemble a Mzart symphny.
(22)_______ talented yu've been in music it's still nt easy t rganize a band, but here's a quick guide t get yu started:
1) Find yur members.
Yu'll need a drummer,a guitarist,a bass guitarist and a singer.Any ther instruments are a bnus. This is where(23)________(play)the flute cmes in, if yu can make playing the flute cl, yu deserve all the fame and frtune in the wrld!
2) Organize a band practice.
If yu are lucky enugh t have a band member(24)_______ a drum kit and parents wh are hard f hearing, yu can practise at hme fr free. Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive. (26)_______(divide)the cst equally, including the cst f hiring any equipment such as cymbals fr the drummer,yu rck tgether, yu rll tgether !
3)Be prductive.
If yu're paying fr a studi, the last thing yu want is t spend it catching up with each ther,s meet half an hur in advance t get all the chatting(27)_______(finish).
4)Agree n sngs t learn, and learn them!
Each band member shuld chse a sng fr the whle band(28)______(learn)ready fr rehearsal. This will allw yu t see(29)________genres(类型)wrk fr yur grup.
(5)Start writing.
Once yu knw what music wrks fr yu,start writing! Yu can d this individually r as a band but the mst imprtant thing is t respect ther peple's sngs. It's very rare t find (30)_______wh isn't shy abut sharing their first few pieces f writing,s be nice!
If that sunds like a lt f hard wrk, then yu're right! If it als sunds like a lt f fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard wrk wrth it?
Being in a band teaches yu precius life lessns. It is a fun way f learning abut hw t share pinins respectfully, be creative,becme mre cnfident and wrk as a team. Once yu can d that yu'll be well n yur way t finding what it is abut yu that makes yu unique, special and cl!
参考答案
21.may 22. Hwever 23. playing 24. with 25.which
26. Divide 27. finished 28. t learn 29. what 30. smene
答案详解1.考查情态动词。此句中有主语和谓语,在主语和谓语之间的空格缺少情态动词。前句中有may,而且根据句意:“带着笛子从一个班到另一个班仅仅上半小时的课似乎毫无意义。”推测这里也是不确定推测。因此正确答案为may。
22. 考查让步状语从句。这是一个并列复合句。首先是but引导的并列句进行语意转折。然后判定前面也是句子,但是前面是两个句子,这两个句子需要用一个连词引导起来。根据句意:“即使你天生才华横溢,组织一支乐队仍然不是件容易的事,但这里有一个让你开始的快速指南……”,因此这里需要用到让步类的连词符合句意。注意此题在原文基础上有调整将原来的even if/thugh引导的从句换成Hwever从句,虽然都是让步状语从句,但是有异曲同工之妙。此题错误率比较高,很多同学没有通过上下语境理解这个句子,只从本句去理解填写连词,造成不必要的失分。
23. 考查动名词。这里是where引导的从句作表语,就是表语从句,此句中已经有谓语动词cmes,同时根据句意:“这就是长笛的来龙去脉,如果你能让长笛变酷,你就应该名利双收!”。后面句子中的if引导的条件状语从句可以忽略。这里需要用非谓语作主语,这是表示一般的动作,因此正确答案为playing。
24. 考查介词。If引导的条件状语从句,在从句中有完整的主谓宾结构,而空格后面的名词和宾语都是名词,这里需要用介词。根据句意:“如果你有幸有一个带鼓包的乐队成员和重听的父母,你可以在家里免费练习。”因此这里用with。
25.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studi在从句中作主语。句意为:“否则,你需要找到一个当地的工作室,这可能是昂贵的。”
26. 考查祈使句。
根据后面的including判定空格处的动词为谓语动词,而且没有主语,很容易想到是祈使句。
27. 考查过去分词。S后面的句子中有谓语动词meet,因此空格处的动词一定是非谓语。根据此句句意:“如果你要为一个工作室买单,你最不想的就是花时间互相攀谈,所以提前半小时见面,把所有的闲聊都完成。”这里是finish作get补语,且与前面的chatting之间是被动关系。因此用finished。
28. 考查动词不定式。根据此句的谓语动词chse,判定这里是非谓语动词。根据句意:“每个乐队成员都应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲,为排练做好准备。”这里用不定式作目的状语。
29. 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语,也就是宾语从句。而且what是代词性质,在从句中也作从句主语genres的限制语。而且根据句意:“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使用。”这里用what为正确答案。
30. 考查不定代词。空格前面是find,后面是wh引导的定语从句,判定这里需要一个代词。根据句意:“。很少有人不羞于分享他们的前几篇文章,所以要友善!”因此这里用smene。
高考考点
语法填空之定语从句
2023上海秋考
72.正如预期的那样,艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣(generate)
________________________________________________________________________
⏩参考答案:
As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in flk culture.
/As (was) expected, the art festival generated the turists’/visitrs’ interest in flk culture.
【解析】考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as翻译成“正如”;整个句子可以处理成主从复合句,主句部分为简单的主谓宾结构。
75.这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开,在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where)
________________________________________________________________________
⏩参考答案:
The plt f this TV series revlves arund a fictinal city in suthern China, where the aut industry has always been the pride f the city.
解析:考查where引导非限制定语从句;本题难度较大。需要注意,where作为定语从句中的关系副词,需要出现在表示地点的名词或代词之后,且从句部分不缺少主干成分。
2023上海春考
Yung Enterprise primarily meets the needs f yung peple ( 23 )__________ are still at schl, giving them an understanding f industry and the pprtunities it may ffer them in the future.
【答案】wh/that
【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍yung peple的定语从句,修饰"yung peple",指代"yung peple",做主语,指人,可以使用"wh/that"。
2022上海秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句,their frustratins and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语,属于事物,故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验,他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
2022上海春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
【答案】where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“r at the very suth,where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句,也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常,你只能在地球的最北边看到它,在那里它被称为北极光,或者在地球的最南边,它被称为南极光。
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whse
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,few,little,much,smething,anything,nthing等不定代词时
先行词被the nly,the very,the same,all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物,且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,knw,expect,say,mentin,reprt等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situatin,pint,activity,case,stage等)
地点状语
why
the reasn
原因状语
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